li Cveni ieso qriste. ...Cveni erovnuli TviTSegne

ПО БЛАГОСЛОВЕНИЮ МАНГЛИССКО-ЦАЛСКОГО<br />

МИТРОПОЛИТА АНАНИЯ (ДЖАПАРИДЗЕ)<br />

ღვთისმშობლის წილხვედრი<br />

საქართველო<br />

Грузия – священный удел<br />

Пресвятой Богородицы.<br />

Тбилиси<br />

2011

---

gamoica mang<strong>li</strong>sisa da walkis mitropo<strong>li</strong>t<br />

ananias (jafariZe) locva-kurTxeviT<br />

RvTismSo RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s b<strong>li</strong>s wilxvedri<br />

saqarTv saqarTvelo elo<br />

Tbi<strong>li</strong>si<br />

2010<br />

− 1 −

---

odesRac didi yofila saqarTvelo<br />

− 2 − − 3 −<br />

kaci, kaci, romelsac romelsac ar ar axsovs axsovs Tavisi Tavisi warsu<strong>li</strong>, warsu<strong>li</strong>, hgavs hgavs im im mawanmawanwalas, walas, romelmac romelmac ar ar icis icis saidan saidan movida movida da da saiT saiT midis midis<br />

wmida i<strong>li</strong>a marTa<strong>li</strong> (WavWavaZe)<br />

msof<strong>li</strong>o warRvnis Semdeg Kkacobrioba noes sami Zis _<br />

qamis, semis da iafetis gamravlebiT Seiqmna. im droisaTvis<br />

iyo erTi xalxi da hqondaT erTi ena. es xalxi Tavdapirvelad<br />

`aRmosavleTSi~ cxovrobda, saidanac daZrula da<br />

damkvidrebula `Sinyaris velze~(2.11,1-2). `aRmosavleTSi~<br />

gu<strong>li</strong>sxmoben araratis * qveyanas (kavkasia), rom<strong>li</strong>s mTebzec<br />

warRvnis Semdeg, noes kidobani SeCerda. ,,Sinyaris ve<strong>li</strong>~<br />

ki yofila mesopotamiaSi, kerZod qaldeaSi ** (wina azia).<br />

swored aq, `Sinyaris velze~ dauwyiaT maT babilonis god-<br />

* araratis mTis Tavdapirve<strong>li</strong> saxe<strong>li</strong> iyo qardu, Sumerebis epoqaSi<br />

mas nisiri erqva (16. gv.34).<br />

** qaldea erqva qveyanas, rome<strong>li</strong>c mdebareobda mdinareebs tigrossa da evfrats<br />

Soris, TiTqmis sparseTis yuredan _ babilonamde. qaldea ufro<br />

mogvianebiT ewodeboda dRevande<strong>li</strong> saqarTvelos mezoblad mdebare<br />

qveynebsac urartudan _ pontos CaTv<strong>li</strong>T gadaS<strong>li</strong>l mxares. aRsaniSnavia,<br />

rom kidev ufro CrdiloeTiT urartusa da mis dasavleTiT moqceul<br />

Semdgomdroindel WaneTis miwa-wyalsac qaldea erqva. mcire xnis Semdeg<br />

maT CrdiloeTiT aRmocenda qarT<strong>li</strong>s samefo, daarsebu<strong>li</strong> farnavaz mefis<br />

mier, romelTa xalxs _ qarTvelebs rogorc istorikosebi fiqroben<br />

saxe<strong>li</strong> `qaldeas~ qveynis saxe<strong>li</strong>s mixedviT ewodaT. safiqrebe<strong>li</strong>a, rom<br />

termini ,,qarTve<strong>li</strong>~ dakavSirebu<strong>li</strong>a qald-Tan (12. t.III, gv.195). saxel<br />

`qaldea’’-s ivane javaxiSvi<strong>li</strong>c akavSirebs qarTvelTan. amrigad, qveynis<br />

saxelwodebam `qaldea~-m aTaswleulTa manZi<strong>li</strong>ze adgi<strong>li</strong> wainacvla<br />

samxreTidan CrdiloeTisaken, Sumerebidan _ qarTvelebamde (4. gv.31-<br />

55). svaneTSi SemorCeni<strong>li</strong>a sofe<strong>li</strong>qalde da uZvelesi gvari qaldani.

---

o<strong>li</strong>s Seneba. Tumca, RmerTs ar moewona xalxis ganzraxva,<br />

auria maT ena da isini MmTe<strong>li</strong> dedamiwis zurgze gafanta.<br />

samSoblo, kacobriobisa, Zve<strong>li</strong> xalxebisa da erebisa mesopotamiaa,<br />

saidanac, bib<strong>li</strong>is Tanaxmad, isini gavrceldnen<br />

msof<strong>li</strong>oSi (4. gv.10). rac Seexeba qarTvel ers, igi miekuTvneba<br />

wina aziis Zvel mkvidr mosaxleobas.<br />

simon janaSias mosazrebiT, daaxloebiT 6 aTasi w<strong>li</strong>s<br />

win, erTmaneTis monaTesave xeTur-iberul xalxebs (qarTvelTa<br />

winaprebs) vrce<strong>li</strong> miwa-wya<strong>li</strong> eWiraT wina aziaSi.<br />

aqedan isini gavrecelebulan afrikis CrdiloeT sanapiroze<br />

da samxreT evropaSi. swored maT Seqmnes kacobriobis<br />

uZvelesi kulturu<strong>li</strong> kerebi, romlebmac SemdgomSi<br />

didi gavlena iqonia maT teritoriebze mosul indoevropelebze.<br />

pirineis anu iberiis naxevarkunZulze, Zve<strong>li</strong> iberiu<strong>li</strong><br />

mosaxleobis STamomavalni _ baskebi, dRemde arian<br />

SemorCenilni. aseve moxda apeninis naxevarkunZulze, sadac<br />

etruskebma Seqmnes ita<strong>li</strong>is uZvelesi civi<strong>li</strong>zacia, romelmac<br />

Semdgom mZlavri zemoqmedeba iqonia romis kulturaze.<br />

balkaneTis naxevarkunZulze gvian mosulma indoevropelma<br />

berZnebma ki qarTvelTa winaprebis _ pelazgebis kultura<br />

aiTvises. am xalxTa mier Seqmni<strong>li</strong> maRa<strong>li</strong> kulturis keraTagan<br />

yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovnad winaaziuri kerebi unda<br />

CaiTvalos... evfratisa da tigrosis auzTa qvemo nawilSi<br />

Sumerebma Zv.w. IV aTaswleulSi safuZve<strong>li</strong> Cauyares saxelmwifos<br />

da gamoigones msof<strong>li</strong>oSi uZvelesi damwerloba –<br />

jer ierog<strong>li</strong>furi, Semdeg lursmu<strong>li</strong> (12. t.V, gv.20).<br />

didi germane<strong>li</strong> mecnieri vilhem humboldti (1767-<br />

1835), baskuri enisa da iberiis (pirineis) naxevarkunZu<strong>li</strong>s<br />

uZvelesi mosaxleobis vinaobis Seswav<strong>li</strong>sas mivida<br />

im daskvnamde, rom iberiis naxevarkunZu<strong>li</strong>s, xmelTaSua<br />

zRvisa da egeosis zRvis auzebis, Tanamedrove saberZne-<br />

Tis, kavkasiis, Tanamedrove indoeTis, mcire aziis da<br />

palestinis Tavdapirve<strong>li</strong> mkvidri mosaxleoba iyo protoiberiu<strong>li</strong><br />

anu protoqarTu<strong>li</strong>. vilhem humboldtis<br />

gamokvlevebis mixedviT protoiberiu<strong>li</strong> modgmis ena iyo<br />

erTi ZiriTadi ena, romelsac hqonda mrava<strong>li</strong> dialeqturi<br />

ganStoeba (16.gv.8-9).<br />

v. humboldtisa da n. maris gamo kvlevebis mixedviT<br />

Sumeru<strong>li</strong>, minosuri (kunZul kretas legendaru<strong>li</strong> mefis<br />

minosis co<strong>li</strong> pasifae iyo kolxeTis le gendaru<strong>li</strong> mefis<br />

aietis da. 34.gv.324), pelazguri, et ru sku<strong>li</strong> da sxva kulturebi<br />

protoiberebis (protoqar Tvelebis) Seqmni<strong>li</strong>a(16.<br />

gv.66).<br />

ZvelberZnu<strong>li</strong> miTosi si na m dvileSi aris ara ZvelberZnu<strong>li</strong>,<br />

aramed pelazguri, aR ni Snavda didi germane<strong>li</strong><br />

filosofosi Se<strong>li</strong>ngi.(16.gv.12).<br />

Zve<strong>li</strong> berZeni istorikosebis monacemebze dayrdnobiT<br />

pirveladi mosaxleoba uZvelesi saberZneTisa pelazguria.<br />

pelazgebze pirdapir aris naTqvami herodotesTan da sxva ber-<br />

Zen istorikosebTan, rom isini iberebi iyvnen (16, gv.39).<br />

Zve<strong>li</strong> mosaxleoba, rome<strong>li</strong>c berZnebs daxvdaT mcire<br />

aziaSi da balkaneTis naxevarkunZulze indoevropu<strong>li</strong> rom<br />

ar iyo iqedanac Cans, rom herodote am uZvelesi mosaxleobis<br />

enas `barbarosuls~ e.i. ucxos ara berZnuls<br />

uwodebs (35).<br />

istoria dasabamSive SeniSnavs, rom kaspiisa da Sav zRvas<br />

Soris arsebobda mdidari qveyana, rome<strong>li</strong>c uxvad irwyveboda<br />

mdinareebiT, marad ganaTebu<strong>li</strong> iyo aRmosavleTis mziT,<br />

dasaxlebu<strong>li</strong> iyo niWieri da lamazi xalxiT, romelTac hqondaT<br />

sakuTari saxelmwifo da didad ganviTarebu<strong>li</strong> cxovreba.<br />

− 4 − − 5 −

---

am ers erqva kolxi, xolo TviT qveyanas kolxeTi. *<br />

kolxebs hyavdaT Z<strong>li</strong>eri mefe, legendaru<strong>li</strong> medeas mama<br />

aieti, romelsac uZvelesi berZnu<strong>li</strong> wyaroebi ixseneben,<br />

rogorc kolxTa da azovis zRvis mefed, (13. gv.3). aietis mamas,<br />

he<strong>li</strong>oss (mzes) hqonda qalaqi-saxelmwifo egeosis zRvis<br />

kunZul evbeaze. dResdReobiT CvenSi gavrcelebu<strong>li</strong> simRerebi<br />

`odoia~, `nanaianana~, `vovnana~ Seiqmna oTxi aTasi w<strong>li</strong>s win<br />

egeosis zRvis kunZul evbeaze. qarTvelebi am simRerebs dResac<br />

didi siyvaru<strong>li</strong>T mRerian. Zvelkolxuri kultura gacilebiT<br />

ufro Zve<strong>li</strong>a vidre Zvel berZnu<strong>li</strong> kultura (41).<br />

wina aziis mkvidrma mosaxleobam Zv. w. IX-VII saukuneebSi<br />

xeTur-subarulma tomebma Seqmnes axa<strong>li</strong> AZ<strong>li</strong>eri saxelmwifo<br />

urartu. `diax batonebo, urartelni qarTvelTa winaparni,<br />

qarTvelTa sisxl-xorci eri yofila... Cven usabuTod ar vambobT<br />

urartelebis qarTvelobas~. (17. gv.84). Uurartuelebi<br />

Tavis Tavs qaldevelebs uwodebdnen. urartuelTa RmerTs<br />

`xaldi~ - qaldi hqvia. VI saukuneSi urartus ** samefo daeca,<br />

urartus dacemis Semdeg mis teritorias somexi tomebi<br />

* mecnierTa erT nawils bib<strong>li</strong>uri samoTxis erT-erTi mdinare fisoni<br />

(2. 2:10-12) gaigivebu<strong>li</strong> aqvT kolxeTis mdinare fasisTan (md. rioni),<br />

radgan fisoni oqroTi mdidari qveynidan moedineba (27. gv. 8). Zve<strong>li</strong><br />

berZnebi kolxeTze miuTiTebdnen, rogorc oqroTi, vercx<strong>li</strong>T, rkiniT<br />

da spilenZiT mdidar mxareze. straboni iuwyeba: `kolxeTSi mdinareebs<br />

CamoaqvT oqro. adgilobrivi mosaxleoba sqelmaty<strong>li</strong>an cxvris tyavebs<br />

debs mdinareSi da am tyavebze darCenil qviSas agrovebs~. oqros mopovebis<br />

es wesi TiTqmis ukanasknel dromde Semoinaxa svaneTSi, e.i. istoriu<strong>li</strong><br />

kolxeTis mTian raionSi.<br />

** Sumeris da babilonis ramdenime da urartus mTe<strong>li</strong> rigi mefeebisa<br />

qarTul saxels atarebdnen. warRvnamde<strong>li</strong> mefeebic ki alagara, dumuzi<br />

(Tamuzi), dudu da sxvebi. egviptis piramidebic ki qarTul saxelebs<br />

atareben saqara _ caqara _ cis qari. (37).<br />

daeuflnen. VI saukunis bolos sparsul warwerebSi Zve<strong>li</strong><br />

urartu ukve `armeniad~ iwodeboda (4. gv.69).<br />

`marto lenormani ar ambobs, rom mTiani qveyana,<br />

romelsac lursmnu<strong>li</strong> warwerani urartad asaxeleben, jer<br />

kidev 721 wels <strong>qriste</strong>s Sobamde samkvidro iyo qarTvelebisa<br />

da TviT urartelni qarTve<strong>li</strong>s naTesaobis eri iyo. meore<br />

didi mcodne da mkvlevari Zve<strong>li</strong>s istoriisa maspero ambobs:<br />

`mTiani qveyana (urarti) saidanac gamodian tigri da<br />

evfrati, jer kidev asurelTa mefis sargonis dros (721)<br />

dasaxlebu<strong>li</strong> iyo erTis modgmis eriTa, rome<strong>li</strong>c mTlad<br />

gansxvavebu<strong>li</strong>a exlandel somexTagan da ekuTvnis naTesaobiT<br />

qarTvelebs~ (17. gv. 91)<br />

xeTebi da subarebi qarTvelebis winaprebi iyvnen: xeTebi<br />

cxovrobdnen mcire aziaSi, iber-subarebi – mesopotamiidan<br />

kavkasiamde (12. t. 5, gv.21). `subar~ adrinde<strong>li</strong> saxe<strong>li</strong>a<br />

Sumerebisa (61. gv.23).<br />

lursmu<strong>li</strong> warwerebis mixedviT, kabadokiis (mcire azia,<br />

axlande<strong>li</strong> anato<strong>li</strong>a, TurqeTis centraluri nawi<strong>li</strong>)<br />

uZveles mosaxleobas qarTvelTa winaprebi protoxeTebi<br />

igive xaTebi (Zv. w. 3000-1750) Seadgenen. maTi dedaqalaqis<br />

saxe<strong>li</strong> iyo xatusa. aqedan momdinareobs maTi saxe<strong>li</strong>c<br />

xatebi _ qetebi (38). Zv.w. II aTaswleulSi am teritoriaze<br />

mosu<strong>li</strong> indoevrope<strong>li</strong> tomebi nesitebi Seerwynen<br />

ZirZvel mosaxleobas xetebs da Seqmnes xeTebis samefo.<br />

Tumca mosaxleobis ZiriTadi birTvi protoxeTuri iyo<br />

(14. gv. 220). xeTebis samefos ganadgurebis Semdeg kabadokiis<br />

teritoriaze dawinaudnen muSqebi (mesxebi), tabalebi<br />

(iberebi), Semdgom xa<strong>li</strong>bebi (lazebi da Wanebi),<br />

romlebic am teritoriaze odiTganve cxovrobdnen (14. gv.<br />

217). dReisaTvis ki dadasturebu<strong>li</strong>a, rom xsenebu<strong>li</strong> tome-<br />

− 6 − − 7 −

---

i Seadgenen kabadokiad wodebu<strong>li</strong> teritoriis uZveles<br />

mosaxleobas da rom isini arian Tanamedrove qarTvelTa<br />

uSualo winaprebi. (14 gv. 225).<br />

Zv.w. me-6 saukuneSi qarTvelTa winaprebis teritoria<br />

sparselebma daipyres da moxiblulni qarTu<strong>li</strong> jiSiani, lamazi<br />

cxenebiT am mxares _ mesxeTs kabadokia uwodes, rac lamazi<br />

cxenebis qveyanas niSnavs. Aax. w. IV saukuneSi jer kidev<br />

mosaxleoben mesxebi, romlebic kabadokielebad iwodebian<br />

(14. gv. 165). kabadokia rom mesxTa qveyana iyo kargad scodniaT<br />

rogorc antikuri, ise Semdgomi drois istorikosebs.<br />

Asagu<strong>li</strong>sxmoa, ax. w. I saukunis cnobi<strong>li</strong> moRvawis ioseb<br />

flaviosis cnobac, rom ori didi tomi mesxi _ kabadokielebi<br />

da Tubal-iberebi Seadgenda kabadokiis mosaxleobis<br />

ZiriTad masas (14. gv. 166). Aaseve sayuradReboa ax. w. IV<br />

saukunis moRvawe kvire<strong>li</strong> episkoposi Teodorites cnoba,<br />

rome<strong>li</strong>c winaswarmetyve<strong>li</strong> isaias zogierTi adgi<strong>li</strong>s ganmartebisas<br />

ambobs, rom isaia mesxebSi _ kabadokielebs, TobalebSi<br />

ki iberielebs gu<strong>li</strong>sxmobda. saintereso cnobas<br />

gvawvdis bizantiis imperatori konstantine porfirogeneti,<br />

rom<strong>li</strong>s mixedviTac kabadokielTa pirve<strong>li</strong> winapari<br />

mosxi (mesxi) yofila. laparakobs ra kabadokiis dedaqalaq<br />

kesariaze, igi ambobs, rom mas winaT mazaka erqva, rome<strong>li</strong>c<br />

mesxTa dedaqalaqi iyo (14. gv.167). pontos samefo, rome<strong>li</strong>c<br />

Camoya<strong>li</strong>bda kabadokiis CrdiloeT nawilSi, mTe<strong>li</strong> kabadokiis<br />

mosaxleobis analogiuri iyo. Pponto-kabadokia<br />

eTnikurad ganuyofe<strong>li</strong> iyo kolxur samyarosTan (14. gv.<br />

280). i<strong>li</strong>a WavWavaZe `qvaTa RaRadSi~ wers, rom kabadokiaSi<br />

odesRac marTlac qarTvelebi cxovrobdnen. amas is garemoebac<br />

amtkicebs, rom dResac im adgilebs, mdinareebs da mTebs,<br />

sadac kabadokia mdebareobs, qarTu<strong>li</strong> saxelebi SerCeniaT.<br />

TviT qsenofonte, Cubinovis sityviT, mogviTxrobs, rom<br />

trapizoni berZnebis aSenebu<strong>li</strong> qalaqia kolxebis qveyanaSi.<br />

saxelganTqmu<strong>li</strong> strabonic mowmed mohyavs, rom kabadokia<br />

erTis naTesavis eris samkvidro adgi<strong>li</strong> yofila, TviTon<br />

strabonic amasiis qalaqidan iyo da deda hyavda qarTve<strong>li</strong><br />

_ Wanis qa<strong>li</strong>, warCinebu<strong>li</strong> erisTavisa, rome<strong>li</strong>c didad<br />

dafasebu<strong>li</strong> iyo mefe miTridate pontoe<strong>li</strong>sagan. amitomac<br />

misi mowmoba dasajeria, viTarc kacisa, im adgilebSi dabadebu<strong>li</strong>sa...<br />

kabadokiaSi qarTvelni yofilan mkvidri mosaxleni.<br />

wmida mamani _ ioane zedazne<strong>li</strong> da misi Tormeti<br />

mowafeni, romelnic movidnen saqarTveloSi qristianobis<br />

danergvisa da ganmtkicebisaTvis, kabadokie<strong>li</strong> qarTvelebi<br />

iyvnen. Tu qarTu<strong>li</strong> arascodnodaT, Zne<strong>li</strong> safiqrebe<strong>li</strong>a<br />

imedi hqonodaT uenod gaerigebinaT ram da moemowafebinaT<br />

eri. marTa<strong>li</strong>a, es wminda mamani sirielebad xsenebulni arian,<br />

magram Zvelni mweralni kabadokielTa hracxdnen sirielebad,<br />

an mesopotamielebad. wm. giorgi kabadokie<strong>li</strong> iyo<br />

da amis gamo mTel saqarTveloSi Tayvancemu<strong>li</strong>. wm. giorgis<br />

naTesavi iyo mociqulTa swori wmida nino, agreTve kabadokie<strong>li</strong>,<br />

maSasadame mcodne qarTu<strong>li</strong> enisa, uamisod ar See-<br />

Zlo qadageba <strong>qriste</strong>s sarwmunoebis da moqceva qarTvelTa.<br />

visac surs ufro meti sabuTebi yove<strong>li</strong> zemoxsenebu<strong>li</strong>sa,<br />

ixileT weri<strong>li</strong> d. Cubinovisa: `eTnografiu<strong>li</strong> ganxilva<br />

ZvelTa da axalTa kabadokiisa, an WaneTis mkvidrTa mosaxleTa~.<br />

iveria, 1877w. #14, 15, 16, 17. es weri<strong>li</strong> rusuladac<br />

iyo dabeWdi<strong>li</strong> da erTs peterburgis swavlulTa krebulSi<br />

wakiTxu<strong>li</strong> TviT avtorisagan (17. gv. 97).<br />

1917 w<strong>li</strong>s 31 ianvris gazeT ,,saxalxo furcel~-Si dacu<strong>li</strong>a<br />

erTi metad saintereso cnoba, imis Sesaxeb, rom me-20<br />

saukunis dasawyisSi kabadokiaSi rva qarTu<strong>li</strong> sofe<strong>li</strong> iyo,<br />

− 8 − − 9 −

---

sadac daaxloebiT 12000 qarTve<strong>li</strong> cxovrobda. maT Senar-<br />

Cunebu<strong>li</strong> hqondaT marTlmadidebluri sarwmuneoba, eklesiebi,<br />

hyavdaT mRvdlebi da mRvdelmsaxureba qarTul enaze<br />

warmoebda. (38. gv. 32).<br />

`xettebis (xeTebis) da qarTvelebis naTesaobas, erT-<br />

Teslobas amtkicebs masperoc, rome<strong>li</strong>c ambobs, rom xettelni<br />

naTesavebi iyvnen tabalebisa, muSkebisa, romelnic Tubalebad<br />

da mosoxebad cnobilni arian da Tubalni da mosoxni<br />

(mesxni) xom qarTvelebis modgmis xalxebad miCneu<strong>li</strong>a mecnierTagan.<br />

ing<strong>li</strong>sis mecnieri r. andersoni ambobs rom evropis<br />

civi<strong>li</strong>zaciis saTave xetebis civi<strong>li</strong>zaciaa da evropa<br />

madlobe<strong>li</strong> unda iyos xetebisa, radganac dasabami saber-<br />

ZneTis kulturisa xetelebisgan aris miRebu<strong>li</strong>. (gv.97-99).<br />

...zogni didbunebovanni kacni Zve<strong>li</strong> saberZneTisa _ ambobs<br />

andersoni _ mcire aziis Svilni arian. mag. homerosi,<br />

Ta lesi, piTagore, herodote. da visac amaT xsenebaze agondeba<br />

egeiis qalaqebi (egeosis zRvis auzis qalaqebi), imas<br />

SeuZ<strong>li</strong>a ufro Rrmad Sexedos saqmes _ saxeldobr, xetebis<br />

kulturas. ...rogorc andersoni ise maspero, did qebaSi arian<br />

xetebis kulturisa, simdidrisa, vaJkacobisa da Z<strong>li</strong>erebisa~.<br />

(17. `qvaTa RaRadi~, gv.97-99)<br />

xeTebs, Semdeg ki mesxebs, tibarenebs da xa<strong>li</strong>bebs araer-<br />

Ti brwyinvale furce<strong>li</strong> CauweriaT msof<strong>li</strong>o civi<strong>li</strong>zaciis<br />

istoriaSi. amas adasturebs, Tundac metalurgiis mZlavri<br />

ganviTareba kabadokiaSi. swored amis gamo iltvodnen am<br />

qveynisken asureTisa da egviptis saxelmwifoebi. TviT romaul<br />

epoqaSi kabadokia vercx<strong>li</strong>s warmoebis centrs warmoadgenda.<br />

(14). uxsovari droidan qaldeaSi <strong>li</strong>TonTa mopoveba<br />

da damuSaveba, rom uaRresad srulyofi<strong>li</strong> yofila,<br />

ebraelTa cxovrebis aRmweri da winaswarmetyve<strong>li</strong> mosec<br />

aRniSnavda. is ambobda, rom mis dros qarTvelTa ( TubalmosoxTa)<br />

<strong>li</strong>Tonis nakeTobebi ganTqmu<strong>li</strong> yofila. berZnebma<br />

foladis warmoeba qarTvelebisagan iswavles. isini folads<br />

_ xa<strong>li</strong>bdikos uwodebdnen. xa<strong>li</strong>bebi ki qarTveluri<br />

tomia (3). saqarTvelo iTvleba metalurgiis ganviTarebis<br />

uZveles kerad. wm. bib<strong>li</strong>a moixseniebs erT-erTi uZvelesi<br />

qarTu<strong>li</strong> _ iberTa tomis belads, Tubal-kaens, rome<strong>li</strong>c<br />

iyo Wedvis ostati. `Tobe<strong>li</strong> iyo Wedvis ostati, spilen-<br />

Zisa da rkinis mWede<strong>li</strong>~ (2. 4:22).<br />

Tanamedrove mkvlevarebma daamtkices, rom qristianu<strong>li</strong><br />

xuroTmoZRvrebis ganviTareba aRmosavleTidan dasavleTisken<br />

midioda da ara piruku. mcireazielebma aswavles bizantielebs<br />

da dasavleTevropelebs centraluri taZris gegma,<br />

TaRis, kamaris, gumbaTis forma. aia sofiis taZris xuroTmoZRvrebi<br />

- anTimozi da isidoresi mcireazielebi iyvnen.<br />

taZris svetebi mcire aziidan iyo gadmozidu<strong>li</strong> (g. qiqoZe<br />

`mesxeTi~, `werilebi, eseebi, narkvevvebi~, Tbi<strong>li</strong>si, 1985w.)<br />

Kkabadokielebs didi Rvaw<strong>li</strong> miuZRviT qristianobis<br />

gavrcelebis saqmeSi. berZnebi misioneru<strong>li</strong> saqmianobiT didad<br />

ar gamoirCeodnen. ,,mTavar da nayofier misionerebad<br />

maxlobel aRmosavleTsa da mezobel mxareebSi istoria icnobs<br />

kabadokielebs (3). kabadokielebi iyvnen qarTvelTa<br />

ganmanaTlebe<strong>li</strong> wmida nino da misi biZaSvi<strong>li</strong> wmida giorgi,<br />

basi<strong>li</strong> didi, basi<strong>li</strong> didis debi wmidanebi: makrine da<br />

Teozva, Zmebi: grigol nose<strong>li</strong> da petre sebastie<strong>li</strong>, aseve<br />

grigol nazianze<strong>li</strong>, evagre pontoe<strong>li</strong>, bakur iberie<strong>li</strong>,<br />

me-5 saukunis didi mamebi saba ganwmendi<strong>li</strong>, svimeon didi<br />

mesvete (romelmac safuZve<strong>li</strong> Cauyara ber-monazvnobis axal<br />

Rvawls _ mesveteobas). svimeon mcire mesvete (VI s). misi<br />

kurTxeviT Camovidnen saqarTveloSi wm. ioane zedazne<strong>li</strong> da<br />

− 10 − − 11 −

---

misi 12 mowafe. (44. gv. 11).<br />

simon janaSias azriT, Zv.w.IV aTaswleulSi wina aziasa<br />

da samxreT evropaSi erTi modgmis xalxebi cxovrobdnen.<br />

TandaTanobiT am xalxebis sacxovrebe<strong>li</strong> teritoriebi iz-<br />

Rudeboda: samxreT evropaSi maTi adgi<strong>li</strong> daikaves indoevropelebma,<br />

xolo wina aziaSi semitebma, romlebmac Sumerebis<br />

adgilze Seqmnes babiloni. Tumca, Zv.w.II aTaswleu<strong>li</strong>s damdegisaTvis<br />

am modgmis xalxebs mainc sakmaod vrce<strong>li</strong> teritoriebi<br />

ekavaT. eseni iyvnen swored qarTvelebis monaTesave<br />

xeTebi da subarebi. xeTebi cxovrobdnen mcire aziaSi,<br />

xolo subarebi – Crdilo mesopotamiidan kavkasionamde. I<br />

aTaswleu<strong>li</strong>s damdegisaTvis wina aziaSiDsemitebis saxelmwifo<br />

– asureTi gabatonda. xeTur-subaru<strong>li</strong> samyaro wvril<br />

samTavroebad daiqsaqsa, misma saxelmwifoebrivma centrebma<br />

CrdiloeTiT gadainacvla. amierkavkasiaSi gaCnda ori xe-<br />

Tur-subaru<strong>li</strong> saxelmwifo: urartu da mana. Zv.w. VI saukuneSi<br />

es saxelmwifoebic moispo da xeTa-subarebma TavianTi<br />

saxelmwifoebi Seqmnes kidev ufro CrdiloeTiT – saqarTvelos<br />

teritoriaze. es iyo kolxeTi da iberia.<br />

amrigad, simon janaSias mosazrebiT, qarTvelebi saqarTvelos<br />

mkvidri mosaxleobaa da enis mixedviT enaTesavebian<br />

wina aziis uZveles xalxebs, romelTa civi<strong>li</strong>zaciis pirve<strong>li</strong><br />

kera Sumeri iyo, xolo ukanaskne<strong>li</strong> – kolxeTi da iberia<br />

(39. gv.31). dampyrobe<strong>li</strong> indoevropelebisagan Seviwroebu<strong>li</strong><br />

qarTveluri tomebi tovebdnen TavianT miwa-wyals,<br />

miemarTebodnen amierkavkasiisaken, sadac ukve dasabamidan<br />

cxovrobda TavianTi sisxl-xorci, TavianTi gvar-tomis<br />

xalxi. mSob<strong>li</strong>ur kldeebze ki lursmu<strong>li</strong> niSnebiT TavianT<br />

gmirul Tavgadasavlebs aRbeWdavdnen.<br />

Aamrigad, wina aziis vrcel teritoriaze, samxreT ev-<br />

ropasa da CrdiloeT afrikis sanapiroze mcxovrebi qarTu<strong>li</strong><br />

gvartomis xalxi kavkasiaSi SeyuJul tomebad iyo qceu<strong>li</strong>.Mmagram<br />

ufals isini ar dauviwyebia, aTeul tomebad<br />

qceulni, <strong>qriste</strong>Sobamde 3 saukuniT adre erTian erad aqcia,<br />

romelsac ucxoelebi iberias uwodebdnen. (4. gv. 55). Ffarnavazis<br />

saxelmwifo, romelmac gaaerTiana qarTu<strong>li</strong> tomebi<br />

da Sehkra isini erT xalxad, mTel kavkasias aerTianebda.<br />

Ffarnavazma qarTu<strong>li</strong> ena saxelmwifo enad gamoacxada, Tumca<br />

mecnierebi mas qarTu<strong>li</strong> anbanis Semqmnelad ki ar miiCneven,<br />

aramed manamde arsebu<strong>li</strong>s gamavrceleblad.<br />

farnavazi iyo mcxeTis mamasax<strong>li</strong>sis samaras ZmisSvi<strong>li</strong>.<br />

erTxel, farnavazs daesizmra, TiTqos sadRac ukacriel saxlSi<br />

imyofeboda. saidanac gasvla undoda da ver gadioda.<br />

uceb, sarkm<strong>li</strong>dan mzis sxivi SemoiWra, Wabuks welze Semoertya<br />

da gareT gaiyvana. am dros mze daeSva, farnavazi mas xe<strong>li</strong>T<br />

Seexo da piri mzis namcvreviT daibana. male am sizmriseu<strong>li</strong><br />

Cvenebidan igi sanadirod wavida. diRmis velze irmis<br />

jogi SeniSna. farnavazma iremi isriT daWra, rome<strong>li</strong>c kldis<br />

Ziras daeca. amasobaSi daRamda. farnavazi CamoqveiTda da is<br />

Rame iqve gaatara. di<strong>li</strong>T kokispiru<strong>li</strong> wvima wamovida. farnavazma<br />

gamoqvabu<strong>li</strong> SeamCnia da SigniT Sevida, sadac didi<br />

raodenobiT oqro da vercx<strong>li</strong> ipova. ganZis povniT uceb<br />

gamdidrebulma farnavazma Tavisi warmomadgene<strong>li</strong> egrisis<br />

vrce<strong>li</strong> qveynis mflobel qujisTan gagzavna da gamoTqva<br />

survi<strong>li</strong> erTiani Za<strong>li</strong>T SebrZolebodnen qarTvelTa qveynis<br />

dampyrobels _ azons. qujim masTan dasaxmareblad misul<br />

farnavazs upasuxa: `Sen xar Svi<strong>li</strong> TavTa maT qarT<strong>li</strong>saTa da<br />

Sen gmarTebs ufloba Cemi... Sen xar ufa<strong>li</strong> <strong>Cveni</strong> da me mona<br />

var Seni~. qarTvelebis mier berZenTa jaris damarcxebis<br />

Semdeg qveynis interesebidan gamomdinare qujis survi<strong>li</strong>T<br />

− 12 − − 13 −

---

egrisis vrce<strong>li</strong> qveyana erTiani iberiis saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi<br />

Sevida (4. gv.76-80).<br />

enaTmecnierebaSi ganixilavdnen mxolod semitur da<br />

qamitur enaTa ojaxebs. niko marma ki Camoaya<strong>li</strong>ba enis warmoSobis<br />

iafeturi * Teoria (iafeturi man uwoda qarTvelur<br />

enebs, radgan qarTvelebi bib<strong>li</strong>uri noes Zis iafetis STamomavlebad<br />

viTvlebiT). man gamoTqva mosazreba, rom indoevropu<strong>li</strong><br />

enebi gamosulni arian ganviTarebiT maTze ufro maRla<br />

mdgomi iafeturi (qarTveluri) enebidan (67. gv. 12-13).<br />

`qarTu<strong>li</strong> ena Tavisi Sinagani wyobiT iTvleba msof<strong>li</strong>o<br />

mniSvnelobis enad~ _ ganacxada niko marma (68. gv.<br />

122). niko mari araerTxel gamosula evropaSi leqciebiT<br />

da moxsenebebiT qarTu<strong>li</strong> enis Sesaxeb da saocari daJinebiT<br />

qadagebda qarTu<strong>li</strong> enis Seswav<strong>li</strong>s aucileblobas ucxoeTis<br />

universitetebsa da institutebSi da aseve qarTu<strong>li</strong> enis<br />

kaTedrebis gaxsnas evropasa da amerikaSi (69. gv. 36).<br />

swored maris ekuTvnis es dasamaxsovrebe<strong>li</strong> sityvebi:<br />

,,qarTu<strong>li</strong> eniT yvelaferi gamoiTqmeba, rac dedamiwaze Sei-<br />

Zleba gamoiTqvas raginda ra eniT. azri ar moipoveba arc<br />

erT enaze, rusulsa Tu dasavleT evropisa, rom ara Tu qarTvelma<br />

savsebiT ver gamoTqvas, aramed mxatvruladac ya<strong>li</strong>bSi<br />

ver Camoasxas. ...ise mdidaria qarTu<strong>li</strong>, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom<br />

Sinagani TvisebebiT igi msof<strong>li</strong>o enaa~ (65. gv.398).<br />

msof<strong>li</strong>oSi arsebul 14 damwerlobas Soris qarTu<strong>li</strong><br />

pirvel adgilzea, ganucxadebia cnobil germanel mecniers s.<br />

* qarTvelTa winaprebadaa miCneu<strong>li</strong> noes Zis, iafetis STamomavalni: Tuba<strong>li</strong><br />

da meSeqi da aseve Togarma (9. gv. 3). amitom iwodebian qarTvelebi<br />

iafetis STamomavlebad. ebrae<strong>li</strong> istorikosi ioseb flaviosi (ax. w. I<br />

s.) iberebisa da mesxebis winaprebad bib<strong>li</strong>aSi moxseniebul `Tubalsa~ da<br />

`meSeqs~ miiCnevda(4. gv.44).<br />

kross, 1899 (62. gv.19). qarTu<strong>li</strong> anbanis sami saxeoba arsebobs.<br />

1. asomTavru<strong>li</strong> 2. nusxa-xucuri da 3. mxedru<strong>li</strong>. pirve<strong>li</strong> ori<br />

anbani saeklesio damwerlobaa, mxedru<strong>li</strong> ki saero.<br />

`gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom siZve<strong>li</strong>sa<br />

da saukuneTa manZilze gancdi<strong>li</strong> cv<strong>li</strong>lebebis miuxedavad<br />

Zvel da Tanamedrove qarTul enas Soris kavSiri ar gawyvetila,<br />

rac mis did sicocx<strong>li</strong>sunarianobaze metyvelebs~<br />

(uwmindesis da unetaresis i<strong>li</strong>a II-is saSobao epistoledan,<br />

2010). Tanamedrove qarTve<strong>li</strong> advilad igebs Zvel qarTul<br />

teqstebs, maSin rodesac Tanamedrove berZeni, somexi Tu<br />

sxvebi Tavidan swavloben sakuTar Zvel enas.<br />

qarTu<strong>li</strong> damwerloba saTaves Soreu<strong>li</strong> warsu<strong>li</strong>dan<br />

iRebs. berZnu<strong>li</strong> wyaroebi, mag.: apolonius rodose<strong>li</strong> (Zv.<br />

w. III s.) Tavis `argonavtikaSi~ wers, rom uZveles qarTul<br />

tomebs _ kolxebs (daaxl. Zv.w. XVI-XV ss.) mefe aietis<br />

epoqaSi hqondaT TavianT mamaTagan naweri kirbebi. kirbebi<br />

_ magar sxeulze amokveTi<strong>li</strong> niSnebi iyo, Tanamedrove rukis<br />

magvari, romelzedac naCvenebi iyo zRvisa da xmeleTis<br />

yvela gza da sazRvari, wers r. rodose<strong>li</strong>. kolxeTSi inaxeboda<br />

tyavze naweri wigni, romelSic oqros mopovebis<br />

meTodi iyo aRweri<strong>li</strong>. tyavze nawer wignad oqros sawmiss<br />

miiCnevdnen 33. gv-59).<br />

mixeil wereTe<strong>li</strong> * aTeu<strong>li</strong> wlebis ganmavlobaSi ikvlevda<br />

qarTul-Sumeru<strong>li</strong> paralelebis sakiTxs. misi azriT Sumeru<strong>li</strong>c<br />

da qarTu<strong>li</strong>c erT uZveles Stos ekuTvnis. mxolod<br />

* mixeil wereTe<strong>li</strong> (1879-1965) iyo cnobi<strong>li</strong> qarTve<strong>li</strong> mecnieri,<br />

filologi. Tbi<strong>li</strong>sisa da ber<strong>li</strong>nis universitetebis profesori. igi<br />

frangul, germanul, ing<strong>li</strong>sur da ita<strong>li</strong>ur enebze aqveynebda gamokvlevebs<br />

da werilebs qarTve<strong>li</strong> enisa da eris warmoSobis Sesaxeb. gardaicvala<br />

miunxenSi.<br />

− 14 − − 15 −

---

qarTveluri enebi enaTesaveba Sumerul enas (16. gv.38).<br />

Sumeru<strong>li</strong> ena, miCneu<strong>li</strong> mkvdar enad 4 aTasi w<strong>li</strong>s ganmavlobaSi,<br />

jer kidev cocxlobs qarTu<strong>li</strong> enis uZveles dialeqtebSi:<br />

svanursa da megrulSi. (40)<br />

svaneTSi dRemde SemorCa Sumeru<strong>li</strong> re<strong>li</strong>giuri kultebi<br />

salocavebis, himnebisa Tu sagaloblebis saxiT. mag.: `SamaS~i<br />

Zvel SuamdinareTSi mzis RvTaeba iyo. svanuri simRera<br />

`Samaia SamaSrera, hori horira~, uZvelesi qarTu<strong>li</strong> simReris<br />

`mze Sina da mze gareTa, mze Sin Semodio~-s msgavsia.<br />

`<strong>li</strong>le~ uZvelesi svanuri himnia. rogorc Sumerul ise svanuri<br />

teqstis mixedviT `<strong>li</strong>le~ haers, niavs, suls niSnavs.<br />

`en~ ufals niSnavs, `en<strong>li</strong>le~ ki ufa<strong>li</strong> haeri. `aia~ Zve<strong>li</strong><br />

Suamdinaru<strong>li</strong> RvTaebaa. igi SamaSis (mzis RvTaebis) sacoled<br />

an coladaa moxseniebu<strong>li</strong>. `aia~ Zvelad kolxeTs erqva. Zv.<br />

w. VIII-VI saukuneebidan `aia~ icvleba terminiT kolxeTi.<br />

amJamad `aia~-s dReobas mxolod svaneTis erT-erT sofelSi<br />

_ uSgulSi iv<strong>li</strong>sis Sua ricxvebSi aRniSnaven. SemTxveviT<br />

ar unda iyos zemo svaneTis erT-erTi maRalmTiani sof<strong>li</strong>s<br />

saxe<strong>li</strong>s qaldes identuroba qaldeasTan (40. gv. 433).<br />

aleqsandre cagarelma 1886 wels wamoayena idea, rom qarTu<strong>li</strong><br />

ena ar enaTesaveba msof<strong>li</strong>os arc erT enas. (43. gv. 2).<br />

msof<strong>li</strong>oSi dRes arsebu<strong>li</strong> yvela damwerloba erTi-meorisgan<br />

aris gadaRebu<strong>li</strong>. qarTul asomTavruls ki dedani<br />

ar gaaCnia. igi TviTonaa anbanuri damwerlobis upirvelesi<br />

dedani (40. gv. 439).<br />

qarTu<strong>li</strong> asomTavru<strong>li</strong> anbani damoukideblad Seqmni<strong>li</strong><br />

anbania da araa gadmoRebu<strong>li</strong> finikiurisagan. (33. gv. 69).<br />

qarTu<strong>li</strong> asmoTavru<strong>li</strong> anbani iqmneboda finikiur-ebrau<strong>li</strong><br />

aso-niSnebis Camoya<strong>li</strong>bebis paralelurad da TavisTavad,<br />

rom<strong>li</strong>s saboloo grafiku<strong>li</strong> gamosaxva dasrulebu<strong>li</strong> iqne-<br />

boda ara ugvianes Zv.w. XI saukunisa (19. gv.191).<br />

ramaz patariZem gamoTqva mosazreba, rom qarTu<strong>li</strong><br />

asomTavru<strong>li</strong> anbani erT-erTi uZvelesi da yvelaze metad<br />

srulyofi<strong>li</strong> anbanuri damwerlobaa yvela sxva anbanur<br />

damwerlobaTa Soris. igi erTdroulad ZvelqarTu<strong>li</strong> warmarTu<strong>li</strong><br />

kalendaria. masSi rogorc babilonuri mTvaris<br />

aseve mzis egvipturi kalendaru<strong>li</strong> sistema aris ganxorcielebu<strong>li</strong>.<br />

qarTu<strong>li</strong> asomTavru<strong>li</strong> anbanis kvlevam cxadyo,<br />

rom garda kalendru<strong>li</strong> mniSvnelobisa, qarTul anbanSi,<br />

aso-niSnebs da Sesabamisad ricxvebs ciuri, RvTaebrivi mniSvneloba<br />

aqvT. qarTul asomTavrul anbanSi ganxorcielebu<strong>li</strong>a<br />

Tv<strong>li</strong>s aTobiTi da aTwiladuri sistema. Tv<strong>li</strong>s aTwiladuri<br />

sistema qarTul anbanSi saidumlod aris Senaxu<strong>li</strong>.<br />

asomTavrul anbanSi pirvelad maTematikis istoriaSi `pi~<br />

ricxvis uzustesi miaxloebiTi mniSvneloba _ 3,14 dasturdeba.<br />

gamokvleu<strong>li</strong>a, rom `pi~ ricxvis esoden zusti<br />

aTwiladuri mniSvneloba Zve<strong>li</strong> aRmosavleTis maTematikam<br />

ar icoda. Zve<strong>li</strong> egviptelebi da babilonelebi mxolod<br />

wiladebs werdnen. arc berZnebs hqondaT amis codna. am<br />

kalendars sizustiT bada<strong>li</strong> ar gaaCnia. esoden srulyofi<strong>li</strong><br />

kalendaru<strong>li</strong> sistema kalendris istoriam ar icis.<br />

qarTu<strong>li</strong> asomTavru<strong>li</strong> anbani qarTvel qurumTa wiaRSi unda<br />

Seqmni<strong>li</strong>yo. erT-erTma qarTvelma qurumTaganma Seqmna maradiu<strong>li</strong><br />

da ukvdavi Zeg<strong>li</strong> _ qarTu<strong>li</strong> asomTavru<strong>li</strong> anbani,<br />

raki am anbanSi maradiu<strong>li</strong> dro mdinarebs. (15).<br />

− 16 − − 17 −

---

kavkasiuri rasis wv<strong>li</strong><strong>li</strong> msof<strong>li</strong>o civi<strong>li</strong>zaciaSi<br />

revaz gabaSvi<strong>li</strong>, * 25-30 w<strong>li</strong>ani kvleva-Ziebis Semdeg<br />

saintereso daskvnebs akeTebs Tavis wignSi `kavkasiuri rasis<br />

wv<strong>li</strong><strong>li</strong> msof<strong>li</strong>o civi<strong>li</strong>zaciaSi~.<br />

bib<strong>li</strong>uri samoTxis mdebareoba miaCndaT ori SuamdinareTis<br />

saTaveebTan esenia: tigros-evfratis SuamdinareTi<br />

da mtkvar-araqsis (kavkasia) SuamdinareTi. Tumca Semdgomma<br />

kvleva-Ziebam uCvena, rom mtkvar-araqsis civi<strong>li</strong>zacia ufro<br />

Zve<strong>li</strong>a, vidre tigros-evfratis civi<strong>li</strong>zacia. am samoTxis<br />

qveynis, kavkasiis mcxovrebi arsaidan ar mosulan. isini<br />

kavkasiaSi uxsovari droidan cxovroben. maT Seqmnes uZvelesi<br />

civi<strong>li</strong>zaciis kerebi orive SuamdinareTis: tigrosevfratisa<br />

da mtkvar-araqsis teritoriebze. es mosaxleoba<br />

Zv. w. III aTaswleu<strong>li</strong>s win kavkasiidan ganfenilni sparseTis<br />

yuremde da indoeTidan iberiis naxevarkunZulamde, maRa<strong>li</strong><br />

civi<strong>li</strong>zaciis mqone da erT enaze molaparake erTi kavkasiur-qaldeuri<br />

rasisgan Sedgeboda.<br />

es `erTaderTi ena~ kavkasiur da urartus, babilon-qaldeuris<br />

monaTesave ena unda gavigoT, rogorc babilonis<br />

godo<strong>li</strong>s dangrevamde arsebu<strong>li</strong> mosaxleobis saerTo ena<br />

(erTi da igive kavkasiur-qaldeuri rasis mrava<strong>li</strong> tomis<br />

saerTo ena), gasaRebi erTi da igive kavkasiur-qaldeuri<br />

rasis yvela xalxisaTvis. yvelaze mniSvnelovani faqtia is,<br />

rom dResac arsebobs erTi cocxa<strong>li</strong> eri, <strong>li</strong>teraturu<strong>li</strong><br />

cocxa<strong>li</strong> eniT, romelsac Tavis leqsikonis ganZSi Semonaxu<strong>li</strong><br />

aqvs aramc Tu Sumero-babilon-urartu<strong>li</strong>, aramed<br />

* qarTve<strong>li</strong> mecnieri revaz gabaSvi<strong>li</strong> iyo mweral ekaterine gabaSvi<strong>li</strong>s<br />

ufrosi vaJi. igi moRvaweobda da cxovrobda parizSi. r. gabaSvi<strong>li</strong> gardaicvala<br />

87 w<strong>li</strong>s asakSi. dakrZalu<strong>li</strong>a parizis banios sasaflaoze.<br />

sxva cocxa<strong>li</strong> erebis gamoTqmebi, gramatiku<strong>li</strong> kanonebi da<br />

formebi. es aris qarTu<strong>li</strong> ena, Tavisi idealuri anbaniT,<br />

mdidari, moqni<strong>li</strong> da logikurad awyobi<strong>li</strong> gramatiku<strong>li</strong><br />

wesebiT da kanonebiT (37. gv. 18-22).<br />

im siZve<strong>li</strong>dan, saidanac modis qarTve<strong>li</strong> eri, istorias,<br />

arc erTi sxva xalxi ar SemorCenia, xolo es gaxlavT utyuari<br />

sabuTi imisa, rom igi aris patroni RmerTis enisa...<br />

(21. gv.451)<br />

mtkvar-araqsis (kavkasia) kulturis aRmoCenisa da Seswav<strong>li</strong>s<br />

saqmeSi didi Rvaw<strong>li</strong> miuZRvis cnobil arqeolog<br />

boris kuftins. swored b. kuftinma Tavisi brwyinvale arqeologiuri<br />

gaTxrebiT daasabuTa, rom qarTvelebi kavkasiis<br />

ZirZve<strong>li</strong> mosaxleobaa da arsaidan ar mosulan. riTac man<br />

mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom qarTvelebi kavkasiaSi samxreTidan<br />

(mcire aziidan) movidnen sabolood daasamara. Bb.<br />

kuftinma uCvena, rom mtkvar-araqsis kulturas axasiaTebs<br />

bevri iseTi niSani, rome<strong>li</strong>c ucxoa mesopotamiis, siriisa<br />

da sxva qveynebisaTvis. saqarTvelos teritoriaze uZvelesi<br />

droidan (eneo<strong>li</strong>Ti, adre da Sua brinjao) SeiniSneba kulturis<br />

ganviTarebis uwyveti jaWvi (39. w. 1, gv. 32), rac imaze<br />

miuTiTebs, rom am civi<strong>li</strong>zaciis Semqmne<strong>li</strong> xalxi erTi<br />

xalxia da adgi<strong>li</strong> ar hqonia kulturaTa monacvleobas.<br />

boris kuftinma Tamamad ganacxada `...aRaraviTari safuZve<strong>li</strong><br />

aRar mogvepoveba imisaTvis, rom am kulturis centrebi<br />

sadRac Soreul mesopotamiasa da mcire aziaSi veZioT.<br />

swored samxreTi kavkasia warmoadgens qarTve<strong>li</strong> xalxis sam-<br />

Soblosac da uZveles samSoblosac.~ (70. gv. 37).<br />

− 18 − − 19 −

---

uZvelesi qarTu<strong>li</strong> warwerebi<br />

XX saukunis 50-ian wlebamde bolnisis sionis qarTu<strong>li</strong><br />

asomTavru<strong>li</strong> warwerebi (497) uZvelesad iyo miCneu<strong>li</strong>.<br />

palestinaSi (beTlemTan axlos) qarTvelTa monastris<br />

GgaTxrebis Sedegad aRmoCenilma warwerebma (433) naxevari<br />

saukuniT gauswro bolnisis warwerebs. 1984 wels duSeTis<br />

raionis sofel davaTSi aRmoCenilma qva-jvarma, romelsac<br />

davaTis stela ewodeba (361-384) kidev erTi saukuniT<br />

waswia qarTu<strong>li</strong> damwerloba. xolo nekresSi Catarebu<strong>li</strong><br />

arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad aRmoCeni<strong>li</strong> warwerebi<br />

profesorma levan WilaSvilma xangrZ<strong>li</strong>vi kvleva-Ziebis<br />

Semdeg Zv. w. IV da ax. w. II-IV saukuneebiT daaTariRa. warmarTu<strong>li</strong><br />

warwerebis Cvenamde mouRwevloba SeiZleba aixsnas<br />

warmarTul da qristianul re<strong>li</strong>giebs Soris dapirispire-<br />

aragvis xeobaSi sofel<br />

davaTis RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s<br />

eklesiaSi, aRmoaCines<br />

stela (me-4s.). masze<br />

gamosaxu<strong>li</strong>a miqael da<br />

gabriel mTavarangelozebi<br />

pergamentis gragni<strong>li</strong>T<br />

xelSi. gragni<strong>li</strong>,<br />

romelzec qarTu<strong>li</strong><br />

asomTavru<strong>li</strong> anbania<br />

aRbeWdi<strong>li</strong>, gamosaxavs<br />

qarTu<strong>li</strong> anbanis amaRlebis<br />

scenas.<br />

Zve<strong>li</strong> qarTu<strong>li</strong> damwerlobis codna yove<strong>li</strong> qarTve<strong>li</strong>s va<strong>li</strong>a.<br />

sru<strong>li</strong>ad saqarTvelos kaTo<strong>li</strong>kos-patriarqi i<strong>li</strong>a II.<br />

1. nusxuri; 2. asomTavru<strong>li</strong>; 3. mxedru<strong>li</strong>;<br />

− 20 − − 21 −

---

fasdaudebe<strong>li</strong>a qarTu<strong>li</strong> miniaturu<strong>li</strong> mxatvroba. Cvenamde SemorCeni<strong>li</strong> uZvelesi<br />

miniaturebi adiSis saxarebisaa. 897w. luka da ioane maxareblebi. miniatura adiSis saxarebidan.<br />

biT (nadgurdeboda Zve<strong>li</strong> warmarTu<strong>li</strong> Zeglebi). miuxedavad<br />

re<strong>li</strong>giuri dapirispirebisa qristianulma saqarTvelom<br />

qarTu<strong>li</strong> asomTavru<strong>li</strong> damwerloba memkvidreobiT miiRo im<br />

saxiT, ra saxiTac igi arsebobda warmarTul xanaSi. mas<br />

cv<strong>li</strong>leba ar ganucdia. misi yove<strong>li</strong> aso-niSani didi informaciis<br />

Semcvle<strong>li</strong>a, rom<strong>li</strong>s gaxsna bolomde ar ZalgviZs.<br />

masSi iyo Cadebu<strong>li</strong> maTematikuri mode<strong>li</strong>, rom<strong>li</strong>s<br />

darRveviT qreboda saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi dagrovi<strong>li</strong> da<br />

Camoya<strong>li</strong>bebu<strong>li</strong> TavisTavadi sistema (18. gv.123).<br />

Tumca, uTuod su<strong>li</strong>wmidis CagonebiT, qarTu<strong>li</strong> asomTavru<strong>li</strong><br />

daixvewa da amJamad mas xucuri-asomTavru<strong>li</strong> ewodeba.<br />

IV-V saukuneebis qarTu<strong>li</strong> sa<strong>li</strong>teraturo ena, dResac ki,<br />

aTas xuTasi w<strong>li</strong>s Semdeg advilad gasagebia ara mxolod<br />

momzadebu<strong>li</strong> mkiTxve<strong>li</strong>saTvis, aramed sko<strong>li</strong>s moswavleebisaTvisac<br />

ki (7. gv. 3).<br />

`Rrma unapiro, brZeni, Tavmdaba<strong>li</strong> da miuwvdome<strong>li</strong>a<br />

ena qarTu<strong>li</strong>. misi saTave iseTive ucnobia, rogorc<br />

melqisedek mamamTavrisa. masSia mTe<strong>li</strong> saqarTvelo.<br />

gazafxulze ayvavebu<strong>li</strong> pirve<strong>li</strong> vardiviT mSvenieria<br />

igi da axlad amosu<strong>li</strong> mzis cxovelyofe<strong>li</strong> sxiviviT<br />

saamo. cisferia misi samosi, zecaa misi sawyisi, ufa<strong>li</strong>a<br />

misi mSobe<strong>li</strong> da mfarve<strong>li</strong>. sityva misi mWre<strong>li</strong>a<br />

viT daviT aRmaSeneb<strong>li</strong>s xma<strong>li</strong>. Z<strong>li</strong>eria, rogorc sveticxove<strong>li</strong><br />

da nazi, viT yvavilze marga<strong>li</strong>tad daleqi<strong>li</strong><br />

di<strong>li</strong>s nami~.<br />

sru<strong>li</strong>ad saqarTvlos kaTo<strong>li</strong>kos-patriarqi i<strong>li</strong>a II.<br />

− 22 − − 23 −

---

wmida e<strong>li</strong>a winaswarmetyve<strong>li</strong>s mosasxami (xaleni),<br />

winamorbedi uf<strong>li</strong>s kvarTis SemobrZanebisa<br />

saqarTveloSi.<br />

<strong>qriste</strong>Sobamde eqvsi saukuniT adre, babilonis mefis nabuqodonosoris<br />

* (qaldevelTa mefe) mier darbeu<strong>li</strong> ebraelebis<br />

** erTi nawi<strong>li</strong> Camovida warmarTul saqarTveloSi da<br />

Tan Camoitana e<strong>li</strong>a winaswarmetyve<strong>li</strong>s mosasxami (xaleni),<br />

rome<strong>li</strong>c <strong>qriste</strong>s kvarTis winamorbedi gaxda.<br />

* nabuqodonosoris (604-562) namdvi<strong>li</strong> saxe<strong>li</strong>a a. piros mi xedviT namukudur-utu-ur<br />

_ oTxi qaldeur-kavkasiuri sa xe <strong>li</strong>sgan Sedgeba (r. gabaSvi<strong>li</strong>.,<br />

`kavkasiuri rasis wv<strong>li</strong><strong>li</strong> msof<strong>li</strong>o civi<strong>li</strong>zaciaSi~).<br />

** israe<strong>li</strong>s saxelmwifos Camoya<strong>li</strong>bebisa da Seqmnis procesSi xeTur-subaru<strong>li</strong><br />

ganStoebis qarTveluri tomebi Sevida mis SemadgenlobaSi, ris Sedegadac<br />

moxda maTi gaiudeveleba. amrigad Zv.w. VI saukuneSi, nabuqodonosoris<br />

mier darbeu<strong>li</strong> uriebi iyvnen gaiudevelebu<strong>li</strong> qarTveluri tomebi.<br />

albaT, amitom iyo rom mcxeTaSi Camosv<strong>li</strong>sas isini mcxeTelebma kargad<br />

miiRes da maT droebiTi ki ara, mudmivi TavSesafari misces. <strong>qriste</strong>Sobamde<br />

3-4 aTasi w<strong>li</strong>s win qaldeaSi Sumerebma daaarses qalaq-saxelmwifoebi. maT<br />

Soris qalaqi uri. `uria~ anu `huria~ aris uZvelesi qarTu<strong>li</strong> warmomavlobis<br />

sityva. protoqarTvelebi termin `uriaSi~ ar gu<strong>li</strong>sxmobdnen<br />

ebraels an israels. (19. gv. 183)<br />

bib<strong>li</strong>is komentatorebi maT Soris, eklesiis istoriis mamad wodebu<strong>li</strong><br />

evsevi kesarie<strong>li</strong> da wmida ioane oqropiris mowafe Teodorite<br />

kvire<strong>li</strong> ezekie<strong>li</strong>s muxlebis ganmartebisas weren, rom qarTve<strong>li</strong> tomebis<br />

ukan dabruneba Tanamedrove saqarTvelos teritoriaze (sadac, cxadia<br />

iqamdec cxovrobda mkvidri qarTveloba), uflma ineba babilonis<br />

mefe nabuqodonosoris xe<strong>li</strong>T, rac iyo RvTis diadi gegmis nawi<strong>li</strong>,<br />

raTa maT ecnoT WeSmariti RmerTi, romelsac nebavda ara xalxebis<br />

sikvd<strong>li</strong> da gaqroba, aramed gawvrTna _ `mixvdebian xalxebi rom me<br />

ufa<strong>li</strong> var, rom wmida var israelSi~ (ezekie<strong>li</strong> 39, 7); (9. gv. 5).<br />

uf<strong>li</strong>s mier wmida e<strong>li</strong>a winaswarmetyve<strong>li</strong>s cecxlovani et<strong>li</strong>T<br />

− 24 − − 25 −<br />

zecaSi cocxlad ataceba.

---

udidesi winaswarmetyve<strong>li</strong> e<strong>li</strong>a Tezbite<strong>li</strong> (Tezbite<strong>li</strong><br />

misi mSob<strong>li</strong>uri qalaqis, Tezbas saxe<strong>li</strong>dan momdinareobs)<br />

cxovrobda israe<strong>li</strong>s samefoSi <strong>qriste</strong>Sobamde IX saukuneSi.<br />

e<strong>li</strong>am siymawvi<strong>li</strong>danve Tavi RmerTs miuZRvna. igi udabnoSi<br />

ganmartovda da mkacr marxvaSi, locvasa da RvTis gangebulebaze<br />

fiqrSi atarebda dReebs. im droisaTvis xalxs<br />

sru<strong>li</strong>ad daviwyebu<strong>li</strong> hqonda WeSmariti RmerTi da kerpebs<br />

scemdnen Tayvans. e<strong>li</strong>am amxila israe<strong>li</strong>s mefe aqabi da ganucxada,<br />

rom israels sasjelad Tavs daatydeboda gvalva<br />

da SimSiloba, rome<strong>li</strong>c mxolod misi locviT Sewydeboda.<br />

TviTon ki udabnoSi erTi mTis nakadulTan dabinavda. wmida<br />

e<strong>li</strong>as sityvebi axda. gvalvisagan mdinareebi daSra, gamxmari<br />

miwa nayofs ar iZleoda. Camovarda SimSiloba. xalxi<br />

saSinlad itanjeboda. daSra im mTis nakadu<strong>li</strong>c, rom<strong>li</strong>danac<br />

wmida e<strong>li</strong>a wyals svamda. maSin ufalma mas ubrZana wasu<strong>li</strong>yo<br />

ucxo qveyanaSi da sacxovreblad erT Rarib qvrivTan<br />

SeCerebu<strong>li</strong>yo. sanam e<strong>li</strong>a qvrivis saxlSi cxovrobda, Rarib<br />

qals misi wyalobiT saswaulebrivad ar eleoda fqvi<strong>li</strong> da<br />

zeTi. im dros qvrivis erTaderTi Svi<strong>li</strong> dasneulda da gardaicvala.<br />

ufalma Seismina e<strong>li</strong>a winaswarmetyve<strong>li</strong>s locva<br />

da mkvdari bavSvi gaacocxla. sam we<strong>li</strong>wadnaxevars idga<br />

saSine<strong>li</strong> gvalva. Semdeg, roca SimSilobam ukidures zRvars<br />

miaRwia, xalxi sinanulSi Cavarda. maSin ufalma ubrZana<br />

e<strong>li</strong>as, wasu<strong>li</strong>yo da eTqva mefe aqabisTvis rom igi wvimas<br />

moiyvanda. e<strong>li</strong>am mefe aqabs uTxra israelSi mcxovrebi xalxi<br />

da baa<strong>li</strong>s qurumebi karmi<strong>li</strong>s mTaze Seekriba. aqabi daTanxmda<br />

da daTqmul dRes karmi<strong>li</strong>s mTaze rvaasormocdaaTma<br />

qurumma moiyara Tavi. e<strong>li</strong>am Tqva: `vnaxoT rome<strong>li</strong> RmerTia<br />

WeSmariti, romelsac me vemsaxurebi, Tu is mTavari kerpi,<br />

romelsac Tayvans scemT Tqven. mere miubrunda qurumebs da<br />

SesTavaza Tanabar pirobebSi (samsxverploze cecx<strong>li</strong>s daun-<br />

Teblad) Seewirad msxverp<strong>li</strong> TavianTi RmerTebisaTvis. visi<br />

RmerTic Seiwiravda locvas da zecidan gamogzavnida cecxls<br />

msxverp<strong>li</strong>s dasawvavad, igi eRiarebinaT WeSmarit RmerTad.<br />

amaod darbodnen di<strong>li</strong>dan saRamomde samsxverplos garSemo<br />

qurumebi da evedrebodnen baals cecx<strong>li</strong>s mov<strong>li</strong>nebas. magram<br />

pasuxi ver miiRes Tavisi cru RmerTebisagan. Semdeg<br />

e<strong>li</strong>am aRadgina Tormeti qvisagan agebu<strong>li</strong> Zve<strong>li</strong> samsxverplo,<br />

zed dado daklu<strong>li</strong> xbo da locva daiwyo. daamTavra<br />

Tu ara locva, zecidan saswaulebrivad gardamoxda cecx<strong>li</strong>,<br />

romelmac msxverplTan erTad samsxverplo qvabic dawva.<br />

gaocebulma xalxma erTxmad aRiara WeSmariti RmerTi da<br />

qurumebi ki, rogorc eris gamryvnelni Caxoca. mefe aqabmac<br />

adida RmerTi da Seinana usjuloeba. e<strong>li</strong>as locvis Semdeg<br />

ca RrublebiT daifara da Z<strong>li</strong>eri wvima wamovida. gaxarebulma<br />

israelma RmerTi adida, Tumca mefe aqabma da xalxma<br />

kvlav male daiviwyes RmerTi. e<strong>li</strong>am ki datova israe<strong>li</strong>s<br />

samefo da udabnos miaSura, radganac, mefe aqabma wmida e<strong>li</strong>as<br />

sikvdi<strong>li</strong>T dasja brZana. udabnoSi e<strong>li</strong>as uf<strong>li</strong>s angelozi<br />

gamoecxada da ubrZana wasu<strong>li</strong>yo im mTaze, sadac RmerTi<br />

moses gamoecxada. wmida e<strong>li</strong>ac sinas mTis gav<strong>li</strong>T qorebis<br />

mTisken gaeSura da erT-erT gamoqvabuls Seafara Tavi. igi<br />

wuxda rom xalxma ufa<strong>li</strong> daiviwya da kvalv kerpebs dauwyo<br />

Tayvaniscema, daxoca uf<strong>li</strong>s erTgu<strong>li</strong> winaswarmetyvelebi<br />

da axla masac devnida mosaklavad. magram ufalma anugeSa<br />

e<strong>li</strong>a da uTxra, rom israelSi kidev iyo darCeni<strong>li</strong> Svidi<br />

aTasi kaci, romelTac misTvis ar uRalatiaT da mux<strong>li</strong> ar<br />

moudrekiaT kerpebis winaSe. ufalma e<strong>li</strong>as ubrZana wasu<strong>li</strong>yo<br />

Tavis qveyanaSi da e<strong>li</strong>se daedgina winaswarmetyvelad.<br />

e<strong>li</strong>am e<strong>li</strong>se mindorSi naxa. igi miwas xnavda. man Tavisi<br />

− 26 − − 27 −

---

mosasxami e<strong>li</strong>ses mxrebze moado, rac imis niSani iyo, rom<br />

e<strong>li</strong>am e<strong>li</strong>se winaswarmetyvelad airCia. e<strong>li</strong>se uyoymanod<br />

gayva e<strong>li</strong>as da mis erTgul Semwed da Tanamgzavrad iqca<br />

(11. w. 2. gv. 65). moaxlovda e<strong>li</strong>as am sofelTan ganSorebis<br />

Jami. amis Sesaxeb e<strong>li</strong>ses RvTisagan hqonda gancxadebu<strong>li</strong>.<br />

miuxedavad imisa, rom e<strong>li</strong>as marto surda darCena, e<strong>li</strong>se<br />

mas gverdidan ar scildeboda. e<strong>li</strong>a da e<strong>li</strong>se winaswarmetyvelebi<br />

mdinare iordanes miuaxlovdnen. maT Tan axldaT<br />

50 winaswarmetyve<strong>li</strong>, romlebic maT beTlemidan da ieriqonidan<br />

wamoyvnen. e<strong>li</strong>am Tavisi xaleni daartya mdinare<br />

iordanes. wya<strong>li</strong> saswaulebrivad orad gaiyo da yvelani er-<br />

Tad meore napirze daubrkoleblad gadavidnen. e<strong>li</strong>am Tavis<br />

mowafes e<strong>li</strong>ses uTxra, misTvis eTxova Tu rame surda sanam<br />

ufa<strong>li</strong> mas zecad aitacebda. e<strong>li</strong>sem sTxova rom mas erTi<br />

orad miniWeboda e<strong>li</strong>as winaswarmetyveluri Zala. e<strong>li</strong>am<br />

miugo rom mas miecemoda rasac iTxovda Tuki Rirsi gaxdeboda<br />

exile e<strong>li</strong>as zecad ataceba. uceb gaCnda cecx<strong>li</strong>s cxenebSebmu<strong>li</strong><br />

et<strong>li</strong>, romelmac isini erTmaneTs daaSora. e<strong>li</strong>a<br />

moeqca am cecxlovan etlebSi da zecaSi gauCinarda, nanaxiT<br />

gancvifrebul da daRonebul e<strong>li</strong>ses winaSe e<strong>li</strong>as xaleni<br />

daeca. rac niSani iyo imisa rom e<strong>li</strong>as winaswarmetyveluri<br />

niWi e<strong>li</strong>seze gadavida. amaSi male darwmunda e<strong>li</strong>se. ukan<br />

dabrunebisas igi mdinare iordanesTan mivida. RvTis SewevniT<br />

man xaleni mdinares dahkra, wya<strong>li</strong> orad gaiyo da<br />

e<strong>li</strong>se meore napirze gadavida. igi ierisonSi myofma winaswarmetyvelebma<br />

Soridan dainaxes da Tqves rom e<strong>li</strong>as su<strong>li</strong><br />

e<strong>li</strong>seze gadmovida da muxlmodrekiT Tayvanisces mas (Zve<strong>li</strong><br />

aRTqma, meoTxe mefeTa, 16-17)<br />

saeklesio gadmocemiT, e<strong>li</strong>a winaswarmetyve<strong>li</strong>s swored<br />

es mosasxami Camoitanes qarTvelma ebraelebma saqarTvelo-<br />

Si, mcxeTaSi, <strong>qriste</strong>Sobamde VI saukuneSi. gadis eqvsi saukune<br />

da mcxeTel ebraelebs ierusa<strong>li</strong>midan CamoaqvT <strong>Cveni</strong><br />

uf<strong>li</strong>s, jvarcmu<strong>li</strong> <strong>qriste</strong>s kvarTi. es orive siwminde, e<strong>li</strong>a<br />

winaswarmetyve<strong>li</strong>s mosasxami da uf<strong>li</strong>s kvarTi sveticxov<strong>li</strong>s<br />

taZarSia daflu<strong>li</strong>. wmida e<strong>li</strong>a (igive) i<strong>li</strong>a (e<strong>li</strong>a<br />

RvTis Zalas niSnavs) qarTve<strong>li</strong> xalxis saTayvanebe<strong>li</strong> wmidania.<br />

e<strong>li</strong>aobas vzeimobT 2 agvistos. gvalvis dros e<strong>li</strong>a<br />

winaswarmetyvels vevedrebiT wvimis mosvlas.<br />

eklesiis swavlebiT, <strong>ieso</strong> <strong>qriste</strong>s meored mosv<strong>li</strong>s win<br />

e<strong>li</strong>a da enuqi winaswarmetyvelebi anti<strong>qriste</strong>s samxileblad<br />

movlen. isini xalxs gaafrTxileben, rom ar miiRon anti<strong>qriste</strong>s<br />

beWedi da yovelTvis gamoisaxon pirjvari. anti<strong>qriste</strong><br />

maT moklavs. Tumca, e<strong>li</strong>a da enuqi mesame dRes mkvdreTiT<br />

aRsdgebian da yvelas Tvalwin zecad amaRldebian.<br />

(gamocxadeba 11, 2 – 9).<br />

roca ebraelebma wmida e<strong>li</strong>as xaleni SemoabrZanes<br />

saqarTveloSi im dros <strong>Cveni</strong> winaprebi warmarTebi iyvnen<br />

(isini Tayvans scemdnen mzes, mTvares da xuT varskvlavs).<br />

Tumca ki ufro adre _ warmarTobamde, qarTvelebs WeSmariti<br />

RmerTis rwmena hqondaT.(4. gv. 12). qarTvelebi WeSmarit<br />

RmerTs jer kidev 6 _ 7 aTasi w<strong>li</strong>s winaT scemdnen Tayvans,<br />

roca <strong>Cveni</strong> winaprebi mesopotamiaSi samoTxis mdinareebis<br />

evfratisa da tigrosis napirebze cxovrobdnen... babilonis<br />

godo<strong>li</strong>s dacemis Semdeg adamianebma TandaTan daiviwyes<br />

WeSmariti RmerTi. mis nacvlad zeciur da qveyniur qmnilebebs<br />

dauwyes Tayvaniscema. ufalma ineba dedamiwaze WeSmariti<br />

sarwmunoebis damcve<strong>li</strong> erTi xalxi mainc yofi<strong>li</strong>yo,<br />

rome<strong>li</strong>c Tayvans scemda mas. exsomeboda aRTqma macxovris<br />

mosv<strong>li</strong>sa da SemdgomSi WeSmariti sarwmunoebis gavrcelebisa.<br />

ufalma ineba aseTi xalxi warmoeSva erTi, RvTisnieri<br />

− 28 − − 29 −

---

kacisagan, romelsac abrami erqva (4. gv. 31). igi cxovrobda<br />

<strong>qriste</strong>Sobamde 2000 w<strong>li</strong>T adre qaldeis qalaq urSi * . am<br />

droisaTvis qaldea qarTvelTa winapari tomebiT yofila<br />

dasaxlebu<strong>li</strong> (4. gv.33). RmerTma abrams aRuTqva, rom mis<br />

STamomavlobaSi ganxorcieldeboda mesia-macxovari <strong>Cveni</strong><br />

<strong>ieso</strong> <strong>qriste</strong>. 100 w<strong>li</strong>s iyo abrami, roca misma colma saram<br />

RvTis danapirebis Tanaxmad Sva Ze _ isaaki. isaakma SeirTo<br />

rebeka, romelmac Sva tyupi vaJebi: evsavi da iakobi. iakobs<br />

hqonda gamocxadeba. igi mTe<strong>li</strong> Rame eWidaveboda erT kacs.<br />

gamTeniisas ucnaurma moWidavem iakobs uTxra amieridan<br />

Seni saxe<strong>li</strong> iqneba israe<strong>li</strong>, imitom rom Sen eWidave RmerTs.<br />

akurTxa igi da gauCinarda. amis Semdeg iakobs daerqva israe<strong>li</strong><br />

_ RmerTTan moWidave. misi 12 STamomava<strong>li</strong> ki gaxda<br />

israe<strong>li</strong>anebi. swored isini gamoarCia ufalma Tavis rCeul<br />

erad ** . es xalxi qarTvelTa msgavsad qaldevelTa STamomava-<br />

* RvTis miTiTebiT abraami qaldeis qalaq uridan gadasaxlda qanaanis qveyanaSi<br />

da dasaxlda xevronis xeobaSi, sadac manamde xeTebi cxovrobdnen.<br />

** ufalma uTxra abrams: `Tqveni RmerTi viqnebi, oRond daicaviT Cemi<br />

aRTqma Sen da Senma STamomavlobam~ ( 2. 17, 1-9). es aRTqma mdgomareobda<br />

SemdegSi. yvela mamakacs abraamis saxleulSi unda wina-daecviTa. uTxra<br />

RmerTma abraams: `rva dRisam wina-daicviTos TqvenSi yovelma mamakacma<br />

Taobidan Taobamde. saxlSi dabadebulma da ucxoe<strong>li</strong>sagan vercx<strong>li</strong>T<br />

nayidma, rome<strong>li</strong>c Seni Tesl-tomis ar aris... wina-daucveTe<strong>li</strong> mamakaci,<br />

unda moikveTos Tavisi sax<strong>li</strong>dan, radgan daarRvia Cemi aRTqma~ (2. 17,<br />

10-14) winadacveTa Zve<strong>li</strong> aRTqmis eklesiaSi metad mniSvnelovani sam-<br />

Rvdelo wesi iyo, radganac winadacveTi<strong>li</strong> xdeboda RmerTis rCeu<strong>li</strong> eris<br />

wevri. winadacveTa qristianu<strong>li</strong> naTlobis wina saxe iyo. saintereso<br />

cnobas gvawvdis Zv. w. V saukunis istorikosi, istoriis mamad wodebu<strong>li</strong><br />

herodote. `winadacveTas kolxebi, egviptelebi da eTiopielebi Tavidanve<br />

(imTaviTve) misdevdnen. finikielebma da im sirielebma, romlebic<br />

palestinaSi arian, rogorc TviTon amboben winadacveTa egviptelTagan<br />

<strong>li</strong>a (ivdiTi 5,6-7). * (4. gv. 33).<br />

Tumca, iudeaSi nawinaswarmetyvelebi mesia _ <strong>qriste</strong>,<br />

rom xorcielad iSva su<strong>li</strong>wmidisa da yovladwmida qalwu<strong>li</strong><br />

mariamisagan, ufalma qaldevel varskvlavTmricxvelebs ( aRmosavlel<br />

mogvebs) da mwyemsebs axara. MmaSin rodesac iudeis<br />

dedaqalaq ierusa<strong>li</strong>mSi, RvTaebrivi yrmis Sobis Sesaxeb,<br />

RvTis rCeulma erma ebraelebma araferi icoda. maT sparse<strong>li</strong><br />

mogveebisagan (qaldeve<strong>li</strong> varskvlavTmricxvelebisagan) Seityves,<br />

rom iSva mesia. MmaT SekiTxvaze, Tu saidan icodnen,<br />

mogvebi pasuxobdnen: `vixileT misi varskvlavi aRmosavleTSi<br />

da movediT, rom Tayvani vceT mas~. Ees, rom gaigo<br />

SeZrwunda herode mefe da masTan erTad mTe<strong>li</strong> ierusa<strong>li</strong>mi<br />

(maTe, 2: 1 _ 3). YyuradsaRebia is faqti, rom ebraelebisagan<br />

gansxvavebiT, qaldeve<strong>li</strong> ** varskvlavTmricxvelebisaTvis<br />

mxolod caze gamoCni<strong>li</strong> uCveulo varskvlavi, rom<strong>li</strong>s Sesaxeb<br />

<strong>qriste</strong>s Sobamde 14 saukuniT adre balaamma (10. gv. 49)<br />

iwinaswarmetyvela, aRmoCnda sakmarisi, rom daejerebinaT<br />

RvTebrivi yrmis _ <strong>ieso</strong>s dabadebs Sesaxeb. isini RvTisadmi<br />

Rrma rwmeniT da siyvaru<strong>li</strong>T anTebu<strong>li</strong> gulebiT gamoemarTnen<br />

ucxo qveyanaSi ise rom arad Caagdes Soreu<strong>li</strong>, saxifaTo<br />

iswavles. xolo sirielebi, romlebic mdinare TermodontTan da panTeniosTan<br />

cxovroben da makronebi, romlebic maTi mezoblebi arian, amboben,<br />

rom winadacveTa kolxTagan iswavles. (20. gv. 156).<br />

* zaqaria WiWinaZe wers, rom qarTvel ebraelebs misTvis uTqvamT: qarTvelebi<br />

<strong>Cveni</strong> RviZ<strong>li</strong> naTesavebi arian. Cven enas ivriTi maT saxsovrad hqvia. (21).<br />

** akad. Kkorne<strong>li</strong> keke<strong>li</strong>Zis kvlevis Tanaxmad qaldevelebs im droisTvis<br />

sparselebs uwodebdnen (4. gv. 123) uZveles droSi qaldevel varskvlavTmricxvelebs<br />

mogvebs eZaxdnen. (10. gv. 48 _ 49).<br />

eTnikuri termini sparsi Tanamedrove sparselebma (iranelebma) mzis aRmosavleTis<br />

sparsebisagan anu qaldevelebisgan miiRes (21).<br />

− 30 − − 31 −

---

mogzauroba, miaRwies ierusa<strong>li</strong>ms, moZebnes, axalSobi<strong>li</strong><br />

RvTaebrivi yrma, Tayvani sces da ZRveni miarTves: oqro _<br />

rogorc mefes, gundruki, rogorc pirvel mRvdelmTavars da<br />

muri ( mware mcenare) _ rogorc adamians.<br />

`wmida ninos cxovreba~ mogviTxrobs, rom mcxeTe<strong>li</strong><br />

mRvde<strong>li</strong> uriayofi<strong>li</strong> abiaTari wminda ninos uyveba imas, rac<br />

moismina misi winaprebisgan: `ierusa<strong>li</strong>mSi, herodes mefobis<br />

dros, mcxeTaSi xma gavrcelda ierusa<strong>li</strong>mi sparselebma<br />

daipyres, ramac didad Seawuxa qarTve<strong>li</strong> ebraeloba... Tumca<br />

sul male damamSvidebe<strong>li</strong> Setyobineba movida. sparselebi<br />

ierusa<strong>li</strong>mis dasapyrobad ki ar mosulan, aramed eZebdnen<br />

daviTis STamomaval, vinme axalSobil yrmas. ipoves erTi<br />

yrma, mwiri dedakacisagan udrood da uadgilo adgilas<br />

Sobi<strong>li</strong>, Tayvani sces da ZRveni miarTves... gavida 30 we<strong>li</strong>.<br />

Aana mRvdelma Cvens mamaTa mamas e<strong>li</strong>ozs mowera, rom is<br />

visac sparselebma Tayvani sces ukve asakSia da Tavis Tavs<br />

RvTis Zes uwodebs. modiT yvelani mis sikvdilze, raTa aRvasrulod<br />

moses mcneba. (36. gv.134). ierusa<strong>li</strong>mSi mcxeTidan<br />

gaemgzavrnen e<strong>li</strong>ozi da longinozi. maT ara Tu ar miiRes<br />

<strong>qriste</strong>s jvarcmaSi monawileoba, ufro metic, romae<strong>li</strong><br />

jariskacebisagan Seisyides <strong>ieso</strong>s kvarTi da saqarTvelo-<br />

Si Camoitanes, radganac maT iwames <strong>qriste</strong>s RvTaebrioba.<br />

ebraelebma (iakobis STamomavlebma _ israe<strong>li</strong>anebma) ki,<br />

miuxedavad imisa, rom isini mesiis molodiniT cxovrobdnen,<br />

gankacebu<strong>li</strong> macxovari _ <strong>ieso</strong> <strong>qriste</strong> ar aRiares<br />

WeSmarit RmerTad, jvars acves igi da dakarges RvTis rCeuloba.<br />

isini dRemde elodebian mesias _ mxsnels da es<br />

iqneba anti<strong>qriste</strong>, romelsac ebraelebi ierusa<strong>li</strong>mSi axlad<br />

aRdgenil solomonis taZarSi msof<strong>li</strong>os mefed gamoacxadeben.<br />

yove<strong>li</strong> eri, romelmac <strong>qriste</strong> aRiara WeSmarit Rmer-<br />

Tad, RvTis xalxad iqca. maT Soris qristianoba yvelaze<br />

metad gaiTavisa qarTvelma xalxma.A<br />

amrigad, pirve<strong>li</strong>ve saukuneSi RvTisagan siyvaru<strong>li</strong>s<br />

niSnad, qarTvelma erma uf<strong>li</strong>s kvarTi miiRo, mT<strong>li</strong>ani da<br />

daunawevrebe<strong>li</strong> niSnad imisa, rom saqarTvelo <strong>qriste</strong>s meored<br />

mosvlamde erTiani da daunawevrebe<strong>li</strong> unda darCeni<strong>li</strong>yo,<br />

Tuki igi qristianobas daicavda (8. gv. 11).<br />

qarTve<strong>li</strong> eri, qaldevelTa erTaderTi cocxa<strong>li</strong> memkvidrea,<br />

rome<strong>li</strong>c Rirseulad agrZelebs Tavis su<strong>li</strong>er misias,<br />

rac erTxel sarwmunoeba miiRo misTvis aRarasodes uRalatia.<br />

TviT ufalma uwoda qarTvel ers `sazepuro~ e.i.<br />

didebu<strong>li</strong>, RvTisagan rCeu<strong>li</strong> eri, roca gamoecxada Tavis<br />

yovladwmida dedas da qarTve<strong>li</strong> eris momav<strong>li</strong>s Sesaxeb amcno.<br />

`hoi, dedao Cemo, me ar ugulvebel-vyof yvela xalxze<br />

sazepuro qarTvel ers Seni SemweobiT...~ (22. 1. gv. 38).<br />

saqarTvelos istoria Za<strong>li</strong>an hgavs <strong>qriste</strong>s cxovrebas.<br />

aRsavsea moTminebiT, siyvaru<strong>li</strong>T, TavmdablobiT, mimteveblobiT.<br />

imisaTvis, rom moxdes saqarTvelos su<strong>li</strong>eri<br />

gabrwyineba monanu<strong>li</strong> gulebiT miveaxloT yovladwmida<br />

RvTismSobels, vTxovoT Semweoba ufalTan da muxlmodrekiT<br />

vevedroT:<br />

,,mowyalebisa kari gangviRe kurTxeulo RvTism-<br />

Sobelo, raTa romelni ese Sen gesavT, ara davecneT,<br />

aramed ganverneT winaaRdgomTa mterTagan, rameTu<br />

Sen xar cxovreba naTesavisa qristianeTasa~. amin!<br />

− 32 − − 33 −

---

RvTismSobe<strong>li</strong> da yovladpatiosani<br />

deda, qalwu<strong>li</strong>, mSvenieri SroSani,<br />

mas axarebda angelozi frTosani:<br />

Sengan iSvebis mefe gvirgvinosani,<br />

da mas hmonebdes mefe mraval-ymosani.<br />

Sen xar venaxi, axladayvavebu<strong>li</strong>,<br />

morCi keTi<strong>li</strong>, edems Sina nergu<strong>li</strong>,<br />

alva sulne<strong>li</strong>, samoTxiT gamosru<strong>li</strong>,<br />

RmerTman Segamko, veravin gjobs qebu<strong>li</strong><br />

da TaviT TvisiT mze xar gabrwyinvebu<strong>li</strong>.<br />

demetre I (1157) iyo daviT aRmaSenebe<strong>li</strong>s Ze. igi<br />

berad aRikveca daviT garejis monasterSi damianes<br />

saxe<strong>li</strong>T. mis kalams ekuTvnis RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>sadmi miZRvni<strong>li</strong><br />

sagalobe<strong>li</strong> `Sen xar venaxi~.<br />

kabadokia, yovladwmida RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s freska, Xs.<br />

− 34 − − 35 −

---

nenana<br />

saqarTvelodan Sors, saberZneTSi, aTonis wmida mTaze,<br />

iverTa monastris berebi Zvelad, wirvisas, imeorebdnen im<br />

sagalobels, romelsac Cvil <strong>ieso</strong> <strong>qriste</strong>s yovladwmida<br />

RvTismSobe<strong>li</strong> ugalobda. berZeni mgalobe<strong>li</strong> urTavda misamRers<br />

yvelasaTvis gaugebari sityvebiT, romelTa Soris<br />

umTavresi iyo `nenana~. maTi swavlebiT `nenana~ igalobeba<br />

mosaxseneblad RvTismSobe<strong>li</strong>sa, rome<strong>li</strong>c `nenanas~ igive<br />

`iavnanas~ ugalobda akvanTan Tavis RvTaebriv yrmas. am<br />

CvenTvis zeaRmatebulad sasixarulo ambavs aRwers arqimandriti<br />

porfi<strong>li</strong> mogzaurobisas aTonis mTaze (pirve<strong>li</strong><br />

mogzauroba aTonis monastrebsa da skitebSi, naw. I, gv. 71).<br />

`nenanas~ mxolod qarTul samyaroSi umReris deda Tavis<br />

Cvils. amitomac es sityvebi ucnauria sxvaTa smenisaTvis,<br />

magram ucxoel berebs is daucavT, rac miuTiTebs israelsa<br />

da mis CrdiloeTiT mcxovreb xalxebs Soris mWidro kulturu<strong>li</strong><br />

kavSiris Sesaxeb. israe<strong>li</strong>s CrdiloeTiT moqceu<strong>li</strong><br />

qveynebi _ kabadokia, ponto, kolxeTi da iveria _ qarTul<br />

samyaros warmoadgenda, dasaxlebuls qarTulad mosaubre<br />

tomebiT (4. gv.3).<br />

RmerTma umravlos Cvens samSoblos, RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s<br />

wilxvedr qveyanas, `nenana-iavnanaTi~ gazrdi<strong>li</strong> Taoba!<br />

qarTvelno, erTad RvTisaken!<br />

− 36 − − 37 −<br />

`su<strong>li</strong> `su<strong>li</strong> Cemi Cemi RmerTs RmerTs ekuTvnis, ekuTvnis, gu<strong>li</strong>-saqarTgu<strong>li</strong>-saqarTvelos,<br />

velos, gvams gvams ki, ki, rac rac gnebavT, gnebavT, is is uyaviT~. uyaviT~.<br />

wmida wmida ambrosi ambrosi aRmsarebe<strong>li</strong> aRmsarebe<strong>li</strong> (eriskacobaSi-besarion (eriskacobaSi-besarion xelaia) xelaia)<br />

sru<strong>li</strong>ad sru<strong>li</strong>ad saqarTvelos saqarTvelos kaTo<strong>li</strong>kos-patriarqi kaTo<strong>li</strong>kos-patriarqi (+1927). (+1927).<br />

wmida saxareba mogviTxrobs, rom jvarcmu<strong>li</strong> ufa<strong>li</strong> <strong>Cveni</strong>,<br />

<strong>ieso</strong> <strong>qriste</strong>, mkvdreTiT aRdgomidan amaRlebamde, 40 dRis<br />

ganmavlobaSi ecxadeboda Tavis mociqulebs; ganamtkicebda<br />

maT rwmenaSi da uyveboda caTa sasufeve<strong>li</strong>s Sesaxeb: `giyvardeT<br />

erTmaneTi ise, rogorc me SegiyvareT Tqven. uqadageT mTel<br />

msof<strong>li</strong>os saxareba da monaTleT xalxi saxe<strong>li</strong>Ta mamisaTa da<br />

ZisaTa da su<strong>li</strong>sa wmidisaTa. vinc irwmunebs da moinaTleba<br />

_ gadarCeba, vinc ara _ daisjeba. me mivdivar mamasTan. nu<br />

datovebT ierusa<strong>li</strong>ms. Cems nacvlad, Tqvenda sanugeSod, gamovgzavni<br />

su<strong>li</strong> wmidas.~ amis Semdeg akurTxa isini, aRapyro<br />

xelni da eleonis mTidan zecad amaRlda (maTe. 28; markozi.<br />

16, 19-20; <strong>li</strong>ka. 24, 50-53). marTlac, amaRlebidan meaTe dRes,<br />

rodesac mociqulebi ierusa<strong>li</strong>mSi, sionis mTaze imyofebodnen,<br />

moulodnelad zecidan xmauri gaisma. TiTqos Z<strong>li</strong>erma<br />

qarma daubera da su<strong>li</strong>wmida cecxlovani enebis saxiT mociqulebs<br />

Tavze daadga. su<strong>li</strong>wmidiT aRvsi<strong>li</strong> mociqulebi sxvadasxva<br />

enaze alaparakdnen. im dRes, am saswau<strong>li</strong>s mxilve<strong>li</strong>,<br />

uamravi xalxi moinaTla (saqme, 1-2). su<strong>li</strong>wmidis gardamosvlas<br />

dedamiwaze sulTmofenoba ewodeba.<br />

,,qarT<strong>li</strong>s cxovreba~ mogviTxrobs, rom sulTmofenobis<br />

Semdeg yovladwmida RvTismSobelma mociqulebTan erTad<br />

wi<strong>li</strong> iyara _ Tu vis romel qveyanaSi unda eqadaga saxare-

---

a. RvTismSobels wilad xvda iverTa qveyana _ saqarTvelo.<br />

ai, amitom uwodeben saqarTvelos RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s wilxvedr<br />

qveyanas. wmida mamebis ganmartebiT, yovel xalxs Tavisi<br />

mfarve<strong>li</strong> angelozi hyavs. saqarTvelos mfarve<strong>li</strong> angelozi<br />

TviT zeciuri dedofa<strong>li</strong> _ yovladwmida RvTismSobe<strong>li</strong><br />

mariamia. RvTismSobe<strong>li</strong> apirebda saqarTveloSi gamomgzavrebas,<br />

magram radganac misi miZinebis (gardacvalebis)<br />

dro moaxloebu<strong>li</strong> iyo, uf<strong>li</strong>s angelozi gamoecxada da<br />

auwya, rom igi ar unda ganSoreboda ierusa<strong>li</strong>ms. dedaRvTisas<br />

wilxvedri iverTqveyana momavalSi aucileblad ganaTldeboda<br />

da gabrwyindeboda _ aseTi iyo RvTis neba. Semdeg<br />

yovladwmida mariams gamoecxada Ze misi, ufa<strong>li</strong> <strong>Cveni</strong> <strong>ieso</strong><br />

<strong>qriste</strong> da uTxra, rom saqarTvelos mosaqcevad RvTismSobels<br />

Tavis nacvlad gaegzavna andria mociqu<strong>li</strong>. andrias<br />

Tan unda waebrZanebina xati, rome<strong>li</strong>c RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s pirze<br />

dadebiT gamoisaxeboda. RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xelTuqmne<strong>li</strong> xati<br />

saqarTvelos mfarve<strong>li</strong> iqneboda ukunisamde. <strong>qriste</strong>m aRuTqva<br />

Tavis yovladwmida dedas, rom is ar miatovebda xalxTa<br />

Soris didebul qarTvel ers RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s SemweobiT. maSin<br />

yovladwmida RvTismSobelma saxeze miido ficari, romelzec<br />

saswaulebrivad gamoisaxa misi saxe Cvi<strong>li</strong> <strong>ieso</strong>Ti. moixmo<br />

TavisTan andria mociqu<strong>li</strong>, xati gadasca, daavala saqarTveloSi<br />

gamgzavrebu<strong>li</strong>yo da gadaeca qarTve<strong>li</strong> xalxisaTvis,<br />

rom uf<strong>li</strong>s nebaa iverTa qveyana RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s mfarvelobis<br />

qveS iyos ukunisamde (5. gv.44).<br />

Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo, mociqulTa Semosvlamde saqarTveloSi<br />

SemobrZanda udidesi siwminde _ <strong>ieso</strong> <strong>qriste</strong>s<br />

kvarTi (perangi). gadmocemiT igi Tavad RvTismSobelma<br />

moqsova. kvarTi iyo mT<strong>li</strong>ani (ukerve<strong>li</strong>). qalwul mariams<br />

gu<strong>li</strong> ugrZnobda, rom momavalSi mis Zes wameba eloda;<br />

xSirad tiroda da crem<strong>li</strong>T asvelebda uf<strong>li</strong>s perangs. es<br />

perangi <strong>ieso</strong>s bavSvobidan jvarcmis dRemde ecva. <strong>qriste</strong>s<br />

kvarTis SemobrZaneba saqarTveloSi Semdegnairad moxda. mcxeTaSi<br />

ierusa<strong>li</strong>midan ebraelebi Camovidnen. isini mcxeTel<br />

uriebs sTxovdnen monawileoba mieRoT <strong>qriste</strong>s jvarcmaSi.<br />

mcxeTidan ierusa<strong>li</strong>mSi ebrae<strong>li</strong> Wabuki e<strong>li</strong>oz mcxeTe<strong>li</strong> * da<br />

longinoz karsne<strong>li</strong> gaemgzavrnen. e<strong>li</strong>ozis deda mRvd<strong>li</strong>s<br />

STamomava<strong>li</strong> iyo. man Svils sTxova, ar mieRo monawileoba<br />

<strong>ieso</strong>s sisx<strong>li</strong>s daRvraSi, radganac Rrmad swamda, rom igi<br />

iyo Ze RmrTisa. roca macxovari golgoTaze jvars acves,<br />

e<strong>li</strong>ozis dedam CaquCis dartymis xma mcxeTaSi gaigo. sasowarkveTilma<br />

Sehyvira, rom mokles kacobriobis mxsne<strong>li</strong>,<br />

RmerTi <strong>ieso</strong> da aResrula. romaelma mxedrebma <strong>qriste</strong>s<br />

Sesamose<strong>li</strong> erTmaneTSi gaiyves. xolo rac Seexeba kvarTs,<br />

masze wi<strong>li</strong> iyares, raTa is mT<strong>li</strong>anad rgeboda rome<strong>li</strong>me<br />

maTgans. e<strong>li</strong>ozma, RvTis gangebiT, kvarTi meomrebisagan<br />

Seisyida da mcxeTaSi Camoitana. e<strong>li</strong>ozs win Semoegeba misi<br />

da sidonia. man tiri<strong>li</strong>Ta da godebiT moismina Zmisgan<br />

<strong>qriste</strong>s jvarcmis ambavi, macxovris kvarTi gulSi Caikra da<br />

su<strong>li</strong> ganuteva. aderki mefem moisurva Tavad Caecva kvarTi,<br />

magram sidonias gaciebul sxeuls ver moaciles. e<strong>li</strong>ozma<br />

sayvare<strong>li</strong> da kvarTTan erTad samefo baRSi dakrZala. sidonias<br />

saflavze kviparosis xe amovida. am adgilas, IV<br />

saukuneSi, wmida ninos miTiTebiT, mirian mefem <strong>qriste</strong>s<br />

Tormeti mociqu<strong>li</strong>s saxelze xis patara eklesia aago. (12<br />

mociqu<strong>li</strong>s xsenebis dRes aRvniSnavT 13 iv<strong>li</strong>ss). taZris sa-<br />

* rogorc saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis zogierTi mematiane aRniSnavs,<br />

ebrae<strong>li</strong> mRvde<strong>li</strong>, e<strong>li</strong>oz mcxeTe<strong>li</strong>, adrec yofila ierusa<strong>li</strong>mSi da<br />

igi fi<strong>li</strong>pe mociquls kargad icnobda. swored fi<strong>li</strong>pe mociqu<strong>li</strong>s meSveobiT<br />

gaucnia mas <strong>Cveni</strong> macxovari <strong>ieso</strong> <strong>qriste</strong>. ( 29. gv. 137)<br />

− 38 − − 39 −

---

Sen masalad gamoiyenes wmida sidonias saflavze amosu<strong>li</strong><br />

kviparosis xe. igi mokveTes da misgan daamzades Svidi sveti.<br />

eqvsi sveti aRmarTes, meSvide ki, yvelaze didi, adgi<strong>li</strong>dan<br />

ver daZres. wmida nino mowafeebTan erTad mTe<strong>li</strong> Rame<br />

loculobda, gamTeniisas zecidan daeSva naT<strong>li</strong>T mosi<strong>li</strong><br />

Wabuki da sveti maRla aswia. sveti gabrwyinda da haerSi<br />

gaCerda, Semdeg TavisiT daeSva Zirs. mokveTi<strong>li</strong> xidan sicocx<strong>li</strong>s<br />

momniWebelma mironma daiwyo dena. mTe<strong>li</strong> mcxeTa<br />

daiZra saswaulmoqmedi svetis Tayvanissacemad. masTan misu<strong>li</strong><br />

avadmyofebi ikurnebodnen, brmebs Tvalebi exilebodaT,<br />

davrdomilebi siaruls iwyebdnen. am saswau<strong>li</strong>s Semdeg mas<br />

ewoda sveticxove<strong>li</strong>. Semdgom es saxe<strong>li</strong> gavrcelda TviT<br />

taZarzec (mironi svetidan saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi gadmodioda.<br />

XVI saukuneSi Sah Tamazs sveticxovelSi cxenebi<br />

Seuyvania da SeubRalavs taZari... swored amis Semdeg Semwydara<br />

wmida mironis dena). RamiT sveticxov<strong>li</strong>s taZars<br />

varskvlavebiT garSemortymu<strong>li</strong> cecxlovani jvari adgeboda<br />

Tavs. ganTiadisas ori varskvlavi gamoeyofoda, erTi<br />

aRmosavleTisaken midioda, meore ki _ dasavleTisaken.<br />

Tavad cecxlovani jvari ki aragvs gaRma, kldovani mTis<br />

wverze Cerdeboda da iqedan uCinardeboda zecaSi. am saswau<strong>li</strong>s<br />

gamo, wminda ninos rCeviT, mefem erTi jvari dasavleTiT,<br />

TxoTis mTaze aRamarTvina, meore-aRmosavleTiT,<br />

ujarmaSi, mesame ki aragvis gaRma, kldovani mTis wverze.<br />

roca mcxeTaSi patiosani jvari aRimarTa, qarTlSi yvela<br />

kerpi daimsxvra (11. w.2. gv. 281 _ 282) es saswau<strong>li</strong> 19<br />

agvistos, macxovris feriscvalebis dResaswaulze moxda.<br />

saswaulmomqmedi xis didi jvari uamrav mlocvels izidavda.<br />

Tavdapirvelad, V saukuneSi, am adgilas jvris mcire<br />

taZari aSenda, xolo VI s-Si erismTavar stefanoz I-is<br />

mier jvris didi taZari aRimarTa.<br />

V saukuneSi vaxtang mefem sveticxov<strong>li</strong>s xis taZari Secvala<br />

qvis taZriT. man aaSena qvis didi samnaviani bazi<strong>li</strong>ka.<br />

914 wels taZari gadawva arabma mxedarmTavarma ab ul-kasinma.<br />

is maleve aRadgines, magram XI saukunis das aw yisisaTvis<br />

igi kvlav daingra. XI saukunis dasawyisSi (1010-1029) ka-<br />

To<strong>li</strong>kos-patriarqis melqisedeq I-is TaosnobiT xuroTmoZ-<br />

Rvarma arsukiZem aago sveticxov<strong>li</strong>s axa<strong>li</strong> ta Zari (amJaminde<strong>li</strong><br />

saxiT). saukuneTa manZilze mtrebma sveticxove<strong>li</strong><br />

bevrjer daangries, magram igi mkvdreTiT aRdgeboda xolme,<br />

rogorc qveynis erTianobisa da ukvdavebis simbolo.<br />

sveticxove<strong>li</strong> iyo da aris sru<strong>li</strong>ad saqarTvelos kaTo<strong>li</strong>kos-patriarqebis<br />

rezidencia. aq xdeboda saqarTvelos<br />

mefeebis mironcxeba da dRemde aResruleba saqarTvelos ka-<br />

To<strong>li</strong>kos-patriarqebis da mRvdelmTavrebis kurTxeva. sveticxove<strong>li</strong><br />

qarTvel mefeTa da kaTo<strong>li</strong>kosTa gansasvenebe<strong>li</strong><br />

adgi<strong>li</strong>a. sveticxovelSi dakrZalulni arian qarTvelTa mefeebi:<br />

revi, bakuri, vaxtang gorgasa<strong>li</strong>, daviT VI, giorgi<br />

VIII, luarsab I, erekle II, giorgi XIII; kaTo<strong>li</strong>kosebi:<br />

melqisedeq I, domenti II, besarion I, anton I da sxvani.<br />

sveticxove<strong>li</strong> mTel qristianul samyaroSi gamorCeu<strong>li</strong><br />

taZaria. igi wmida adgi<strong>li</strong>a, radganac aq dabrZanebu<strong>li</strong>a<br />

xaleni wmida e<strong>li</strong>a winaswarmetyve<strong>li</strong>sa (wm. e<strong>li</strong>as saxelobis<br />

ekvderSi. taZris SuaSi aris Wa, romelsac wmida e<strong>li</strong>as<br />

Was uwodeben. am Wis wyals makurnebe<strong>li</strong> Zala aqvs.) da daflu<strong>li</strong>a<br />

kvarTi uf<strong>li</strong>sa <strong>Cveni</strong>sa <strong>ieso</strong> <strong>qriste</strong>si.<br />

kvarTis dResaswauls, igive mcxeTobas, sveticxovlobas,<br />

aRvniSnavT 14 oqtombers. uf<strong>li</strong>s kvarTi saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis yvelaze didi siwmindea. am saswau<strong>li</strong>s gamo<br />

mcxeTa iwodeba meore ierusa<strong>li</strong>mad, xolo sveticxov<strong>li</strong>s<br />

− 40 − − 41 −

---

taZari,sadac wminda sidonias mkerdze uf<strong>li</strong>s kvarTi ganisvenebs,<br />

saqarTvelos gu<strong>li</strong>a. sityva `sidonia~ finikiur<br />

enaze `Tevzs~ niSnavs. Tevzi simboloa qristianisa, radgan<br />

naTlobiT adamiani iRebs maradiul sicocxles. arsebobs<br />

gadmocema, rom <strong>qriste</strong>s meored mosv<strong>li</strong>s dros sidonia<br />

kvarTiT xelSi macxovris Sesaxvedrad gamova misi maradiu<strong>li</strong><br />

siyvaru<strong>li</strong>s dasturad (23. gv. 6).<br />

andria mociqu<strong>li</strong>s saqarTveloSi Semosv<strong>li</strong>s Sesaxeb<br />

saeklesio gadmocema mogviTxrobs. andria pirvelwodebu<strong>li</strong><br />

(pirvelwodebu<strong>li</strong> ewoda imitom, rom is pirve<strong>li</strong> daemowafa<br />

<strong>qriste</strong>s) 35-38 wlebSi, mefe aderkis mefobis dros Semovida<br />

qalaq trapizonSi. aqedan gadavida aWaraSi, sofel didaWara-<br />

Si, Sekriba xalxi da RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s danabarebi gadasca. im<br />

adgilas, sadac yovladwmida RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xelTuqmne<strong>li</strong><br />

xati daasvena, ankara wyaro gadmodinda, rome<strong>li</strong>c dResac<br />

moedineba. andream monaTla qarTve<strong>li</strong> xalxi. mRvdlebi da<br />

diakvnebi daudgina da RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s saxelze eklesia aago.<br />

xalxi andria mociquls darCenas evedreboda. bolos sTxoves<br />

maTTvis imedad da mcvelad RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xati mainc<br />

daetovebina. maSin andriam aiRo ficari, miado xelTuqmnel<br />

xats da deda RvTisas saxe ficarze saswaulebrivad<br />

gamoisaxa. ficarze gadasu<strong>li</strong> xatis as<strong>li</strong> pativiT daabr-<br />

Zanes eklesiaSi. amrigad, qristianoba saqarTveloSi sofel<br />

didaWaridan Semovida. I saukunis 38 wels, e.i. <strong>qriste</strong>s aRdgomidan<br />

5 w<strong>li</strong>s Tavze, ierusa<strong>li</strong>mis Semdeg saqarTvelos am<br />

ulamazes maRalmTian sofelSi aigo pirve<strong>li</strong> qristianu<strong>li</strong><br />

taZari, RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s saxelze. pirvelad andria mociqulma<br />

aq iqadaga RvTis sityva. aqedan moefina qristianobis na-<br />

Te<strong>li</strong> mTel saqarTvelos. didaWara ZirZve<strong>li</strong> qristianu<strong>li</strong><br />

sofe<strong>li</strong>a. misi mad<strong>li</strong> mTel saqarTvelos swvdeba mcxeTasTan<br />

erTad. didaWara wmida adgi<strong>li</strong>a. Semdgom andria mociqulma<br />

fersaTis mTa gadaiara, mTaze jvari aRmarTa, ris gamoc am<br />

mTas ,,rkinis jvari~ ewoda. gaiara oZraxis xevi. mivida samcxis<br />

sazRvarTan da erT sofelSi SeCerda, romelsac zadengora<br />

erqva. aq warmarTu<strong>li</strong> kerpebi iyo aRmarTu<strong>li</strong>. wmida<br />

andriam iloca RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xatTan da kerpebi daemxo.<br />

amis Semdeg Semovida borjomis xeobaSi, sofel awyurSi,<br />

romelsac maSin sosangeTi erqva. im mxares erTi qvrivi<br />

dedakaci, saxelad samZivari ganagebda. imJamad mas erTaderTi<br />

awyuris cixe.<br />

− 42 − − 43 −

---

Ze gardacvloda. RamiT cixidan gamomava<strong>li</strong> RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s<br />

xatis didi naTe<strong>li</strong> ixiles. gamTeniisas, samZivarma ambis<br />

gasagebad xalxi gagzavna. qvrivs auwyes, rom cixeSi ucxo<br />

qveynidan Camosu<strong>li</strong> kacebi maTTvis ucnob RmerTs qadagebdnen,<br />

romelsac qveynis Semoqmedsa da dambadebels uwodebdnen.<br />

igi iyo kacTaTvis sicocx<strong>li</strong>s momniWebe<strong>li</strong> da mkvdarTa<br />

aRmdgene<strong>li</strong>. aseve moaxsenes, rom maT Tan hqondaT mSvenieri<br />

xati, romelsac Tayvans scemdnen. qvrivma yuri mokra ra<br />

sityvas mkvdarTa aRdgomis Sesaxeb, mciredi nugeSi mieca.<br />

mouxmo andria mociquls da vinaoba gamohkiTxa. ,,movedi<br />

wmida qalaq ierusa<strong>li</strong>midan, sadac ufals fexi daudgams. var<br />

mociqu<strong>li</strong> WeSmariti RmerTisa, uf<strong>li</strong>sa <strong>Cveni</strong>sa <strong>ieso</strong> <strong>qriste</strong>si.<br />

vinc mas irwmunebs da moinaTleba saxe<strong>li</strong>Ta mamisaTa da<br />

ZisaTa da su<strong>li</strong>sa wmidisaTa, yove<strong>li</strong>ve rasac iTxovs, rwmeniT<br />

miecema da yove<strong>li</strong> senisagan ganikurneba,~ – upasuxa andria<br />

mociqulma. es rom dedakacma gaigo, crem<strong>li</strong>T Seevedra<br />

mociquls eloca <strong>qriste</strong>s mimarT da mkvdreTiT aRedgina<br />

misi erTaderTi Ze. qvrivma aRuTqva, rom irwmunebda <strong>qriste</strong>s<br />

RvTaebriobas. maSin wminda andriam aiRo RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xelTuqmne<strong>li</strong><br />

xati, daasvena sawolze, sadac micvalebu<strong>li</strong> esvena.<br />

igi ufals xelapyrobiT Seevedra. locvis damTavrebis<br />

Semdeg yrmas xe<strong>li</strong> mohkida da wamoayena. qvrivma ixila ra<br />

gacocxlebu<strong>li</strong> vaJi, mociquls fexebSi Cauvarda da crem<strong>li</strong>T<br />

Tayvani sca, iwama ufa<strong>li</strong> <strong>ieso</strong> <strong>qriste</strong> da Tavis saxleulTan<br />

erTad moinaTla. am saswau<strong>li</strong>s mxilve<strong>li</strong> uamravi adamiani<br />

gaqristianda. warmarTebma da axladmoqceulma qristianebma<br />

gadawyvites warmarTul taZarSi, sadac artemidesa da apolonis<br />

qandakeba idga, RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xati SeebrZanebinaT da<br />

elocaT: qristianebs <strong>qriste</strong>s mimarT, warmarTebs - TavianTi<br />

RmerTebis mimarT. visi RmerTic gaimarjvebda, misTvis ecaT<br />

Tayvani. daketil karTan mcvelebi daayenes, di<strong>li</strong>T kerpebi<br />

damsxvreu<strong>li</strong> daxvdaT, RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xati ki mzesaviT brwyinavda.<br />

darcxvenilma warmarTebma Sendoba sTxoves andria<br />

mociquls da mTelma erma erTad adida WeSmariti RmerTi.<br />

wmida andriam awyurSic aago taZari, romelSic RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s<br />

xelTuqmne<strong>li</strong> xati daabrZana. dRes es xati awyuris<br />

RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xatis saxelwodebiTaa cnobi<strong>li</strong>. wmida andriam<br />

awyurSi pirve<strong>li</strong> saepiskoposo eklesia daaarsa. SemdegSi<br />

vaxtang gorgasalma aaSena saepiskoposo taZari. IX-Xss-Si<br />

aq sakmaod mozrdi<strong>li</strong> taZari aSenda, sadac mudam ijda maw-<br />

awyuris RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s taZris nangrevebi.<br />

xedi aRmosavleTis mxridan.<br />

− 44 − − 45 −

---

yvere<strong>li</strong> mRvdelmTavari. es taZari dRes dangreu<strong>li</strong>a (5. gv.<br />

44-47; 11. w. 2, gv. 464-466).<br />

meored andria mociqu<strong>li</strong> svimon kananelTan (svimoni iyo<br />

RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s naTesavi. pirve<strong>li</strong> saswau<strong>li</strong> <strong>ieso</strong>m svimonis<br />

qorwilSi moaxdina, wya<strong>li</strong> Rvinod gadaaqcia) da mataTasTan<br />

erTad dabrunda Cvens qveyanaSi. (mataTa iyo me-12 mociqu<strong>li</strong>,<br />

rome<strong>li</strong>c mociqulebma iuda iskariote<strong>li</strong>s nacvlad airCies<br />

<strong>ieso</strong> <strong>qriste</strong>s amaRlebis Semdeg). isini iyvnen samegrelosa<br />

da svaneTSi. mataTa iq darCa. svimoni da andria ki afxazeTSi<br />

wavidnen, sadac svimon kanane<strong>li</strong> aResrula kidec. andria<br />

pirvelwodebu<strong>li</strong>s saxelTanaa dakavSirebu<strong>li</strong> samegreloSi<br />

Wyondidis eparqiis daarseba. samegreloSi cnobi<strong>li</strong> iyo<br />

sakulto didi muxa, romelsac warmarTi qarTve<strong>li</strong> mosaxleoba<br />

Cvil bavSvebs swiravda. megrulad muxas hqvia ,,Wyoni~,<br />

aqedan momdinareobs saxe<strong>li</strong> didi Wyoni ese igi didi muxa.<br />

andria mociqulma iloca muxasTan da muxis xes mexi daeca.<br />

wminda andrias miTiTebiT muxa moWres da mis adgilas xis<br />

taZari aages. mogvianebiT ki (VIIs), xis taZari qvis taZriT<br />

Secvales. taZari RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s miZinebis saxelzea agebu<strong>li</strong>.<br />

gadmocema mogviTxrobs, rom RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s taZris trapezi<br />

dgas im sakerpo muxis Zirze, rome<strong>li</strong>c andria mociqulma<br />

moaWrevina. taZarTan iqve samxreT-dasavleTiT aRmarTu<strong>li</strong>a<br />

oTkuTxedi maRa<strong>li</strong> sveti, romelzec mesvete mamebi moRvaweobdnen.<br />

dibuas dros aq kidev cxovrobda mesvete mama da<br />

dacu<strong>li</strong> iyo kibe. am kibiT xalxi adioda mesvete mamasTan<br />

locva-kurTxevis misaRebad. muraviovis dros aq iyo mesvete<br />

mama iese, rome<strong>li</strong>c sanam mesvete gaxdeboda cxovrobda tyeSi<br />

ganmartoebiT. mesvete mamis, romanozis, gardacvalebis Semdeg<br />

man itvirTa mesveteobis Rvaw<strong>li</strong> (32. gv.39-44).<br />

mesveteobas saTave daudo kabadokiis mRvimeSi moRvawe<br />

berma svimeonma. igi svetze daeyuda da gaZ<strong>li</strong>erebul locvasa<br />

da marxvas Seudga. meudabnoe mamebma Seityves svimeonis<br />

jer ar gagoni<strong>li</strong> Rvaw<strong>li</strong>s Sesaxeb da gamocdis mizniT mas-<br />

Tan mociqulebi gagzavnes. Tu svimeoni maT ar mousmenda da<br />

svetidan ar Camovidoda, Za<strong>li</strong>T unda CamoeyvanaT, xolo Tu<br />

Camosvlaze daTanxmdeboda, maSin cxadi iqneboda, rom misi<br />

moRvaweobis axa<strong>li</strong> saxe RviTisgan iyo. berebma svimeons<br />

saZmos gadawyvetileba amcnes. man maSinve daiwyo svetidan<br />

Camosvla. es rom berebma ixiles SeaCeres igi da sTxoves<br />

svetze darCeni<strong>li</strong>yo, radgan svimeoni gaugonar Rvawlze<br />

RvTisagan iyo nakurTxi. svimeoni svetze 47 we<strong>li</strong> idga. mas<br />

Rirsi svimeon didi mesvete uwodes (11, w. II, gv. 191). VI<br />

saukuneSi, siriaSi, Sav mTaze moRvaweobda ganTqmu<strong>li</strong> mesvete<br />

mama svimeoni. mas Rirsi svimeon mcire mesvetis saxe<strong>li</strong>T<br />

moixsenieben. igi svetze 68 we<strong>li</strong> idga (11, w. I, gv. 405).<br />

svimeon mcire mesvetis kurTxeviT Camovida saqarTveloSi<br />

wm. ioane zedazne<strong>li</strong> mowafeebTan erTad. misma erT-erTma<br />

mowafem, anton martyofelma, daudo saTave mesveteobas<br />

saqarTveloSi. Rirsma antonma mTis wverze aaSena sveti da<br />

iq daeyuda. man svetze 18 we<strong>li</strong> gaatara, risTvisac anton<br />

mesvete uwodes (11, w. I, gv. 360).<br />

WiaTuris raionis sofel kacxSi dgas sveti, rom<strong>li</strong>s<br />

simaRle 40 metria da svetis Txemis farTobi ki 60 kv.m.<br />

ucnobia kacxis svetze moRvawe pirve<strong>li</strong> mesvete mamis vinaoba.<br />

RvTis SewevniT, dReisTvis aRdgeni<strong>li</strong>a svetis ZirSi da<br />

Tavze arsebu<strong>li</strong> samlocveloebi.<br />

xalxuri gadmocemis Tanaxmad, andria pirvelwodebulma<br />

aseve iqadaga guriaSi. gadmocemiT is SeCerebula miqael da<br />

gabriel mTavarangelozebis saxelobis sofelSi (ozurge-<br />

Tis raioni), kerZod oxojuris mTaze, sadac andria moci-<br />

− 46 − − 47 −

---

kacxis sveti<br />

qulma niSi aago. VI saukuneSi aq mis saxelze auSenebiaT<br />

sakmaod didi bazi<strong>li</strong>kis taZari, rome<strong>li</strong>c XX saukunis 50ian<br />

wlebSi komunistebma daangries. amJamad taZari aRdgeni<strong>li</strong>a.<br />

igi andria mociqu<strong>li</strong>s saxelobisaa.<br />

amrigad, uZveles wyaroebze dayrdnobiT, saqarTveloSi<br />

qristianoba uqadagia <strong>qriste</strong>s 12 mociqulTagan 6-s, kerZod:<br />

andria pirvelwodebuls, mataTas (misi wmida nawilebi ganisvenebs<br />

aWaraSi, gonios cixe-simagreSi, baTumTan axlos),<br />

svimon kananels (dakrZalu<strong>li</strong>a afxazeTSi, axal aTonSi),<br />

barTlomes, Tomas da Tadeozs.<br />

70 mociqulTagan saqarTveloSi uqadagia xrisos (9. gv.8).<br />

meore saukuneSi saqarTveloSi, kerZod kolxeTSi, saxareba<br />

iqadaga papma _ wmida k<strong>li</strong>mentim. igi im dros kolxeTSi<br />

iyo gadasaxlebu<strong>li</strong> (9. gv.9).<br />

mRvime, sadac moRvaweobda svimon kanane<strong>li</strong>. ax. w. Is. afxazeTi<br />

− 48 − − 49 −

---

awyuris RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xelTuqmne<strong>li</strong> xatis<br />

saswaulebi<br />

wmida demetre Tavdadebu<strong>li</strong>s mefobisas samcxes didi gansacde<strong>li</strong><br />

daatyda Tavs. aRdgoma dRes miwisZvra moxda. uricxvi<br />

xalxi daiRupa. swored im dRes awyuris RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xati<br />

<strong>li</strong>taniobiT SeebrZanebinaT da Sua taZarSi daesvenebinaT.<br />

miwisZvram awyuris eklesiac daangria, magram RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s<br />

xati uvnebe<strong>li</strong> darCa. miwisZvrisas Camovardni<strong>li</strong> gumbaTi<br />

wmida xats qudiviT gadaefara (5. t.III. gv. 133).<br />

awyuris RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xelTuqmne<strong>li</strong> xati udidesi siwmindea<br />

saqarTveloSi. mas, iseve, rogorc RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s<br />

sxva xatebs, uxvad amkobdnen Zvirfasi qvebiT, minanqriT,<br />

Tvalmarga<strong>li</strong>tiT. 1477 w. iranis mbrZanebe<strong>li</strong> uzun-hasani<br />

samcxeSi SemoiWra. man saqarTvelos mefe bagrats da mesxeTis<br />

aTabag yvaryvares 16 000 dukati mosTxova. sanacvlod<br />

Tbi<strong>li</strong>sis garda mTe<strong>li</strong> qveynis datovebas hpirdeboda. saqarTvelos<br />

mefem iranis mbrZanebels oTxi la<strong>li</strong>s qva gaugzavna.<br />

TiToeu<strong>li</strong> 4000 dukatad iyo Sefasebu<strong>li</strong>. magram dampyrobelma<br />

fu<strong>li</strong>s gadaxda moiTxova. Tumca, am Zvirfasi Tvlebis<br />

miRebis Semdeg, Cans, igi dainteresda saqarTveloSi Zvirfasi<br />

Tvlebis adgilsamyofe<strong>li</strong>T. savaraudoa, mas auxsnes, rom<br />

awyuris didebu<strong>li</strong> saswaulmomqmedi xatic aseTi qvebiT iyo<br />

Semkobi<strong>li</strong>. uzun-hasanma awyuris xati gaitaca da gaZarcva.<br />

im qveyanaSi, sadac xati miabrZanes, verc adamianma da<br />

verc cxovelma ver gaixara. araTu miwa, xec ki ar iZleoda<br />

nayofs. maSin moagondaT, rom saqarTvelodan wamoRebu<strong>li</strong><br />

hqondaT xati Semkobi<strong>li</strong> Zvirfasi TvlebiT, romelsac saswau<strong>li</strong><br />

gzaSive mouxdenia. xats TaTrebi udierad moqcevian.<br />

igi bargis qveS amoudiaT. di<strong>li</strong>T ras xedaven, xati bargis<br />

zemodan ido da mzesaviT brwyinavda. <strong>Cveni</strong> qveynis ubedureba<br />

aqedan modiso, ufiqriaT da xatis ukan dabruneba ganuzraxavT.<br />

magram mis waRebas SiSiT ver bedavdnen. bolos ase<br />

moiqcnen. xati gauxednav cxenze daabrZanes da SeSinebulebma<br />

TavianTi qveynis sazRvramde miaciles. RvTis gangebiT cxenma<br />

swrafad miaRwia samcxes. gaxarebulma mesxebma Tayvani<br />

sces wmida xats.<br />

1486 w. samcxes iayub yaeni Seesia. awyuris didebu<strong>li</strong><br />

xati eklesiidan cixesimagris ,,saWurWleSi~ gadaasvenes.<br />

mawyverelma episkoposma da mecixovneebma cixe mters ubr-<br />

Zolvelad Caabares im pirobiT, rom mteri awyuris taZars<br />

ar daangrevda, yaenma piroba gatexa. man awyuris RvTism-<br />

Sob<strong>li</strong>s taZari daangria da xati gaitaca. gaZarcvis Semdeg<br />

xati cecxlSi Seagdes. cecx<strong>li</strong> Caqra, xati ki uvnebe<strong>li</strong><br />

darCa. ixila ra es saswau<strong>li</strong> laSqarSi myofma erTma aramarTmadidebelma<br />

qristianma, xati Tavis qveyanaSi waabrZana.<br />

RvTismSobe<strong>li</strong> am kacs gamoecxada da xatis saqarTveloSi<br />

dabruneba ubrZana. iayub yaeni ki, rome<strong>li</strong>c xats maxvi<strong>li</strong>T<br />

Seexo, Tavisi ojaxiT amowyda (5. t. III. gv. 188-192).<br />

1546w. imereTis mefe bagrat III-s RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xel-<br />

Tuqmne<strong>li</strong> wmida xati awyuridan cixisjvarSi daubrZanebia,<br />

xolo 1553w. imereTSi gadaubrZanebia. mravalgzis gaZarcu<strong>li</strong><br />

xati imereTis mefe giorgi II-m (1578-1583) oqroTi<br />

moaWedina da patiosani TvlebiT Seamkobina.<br />

jayelebis gvaris aTabagebma jer yvaryvarem, Semdeg ki<br />

mzeWabukma deda eklesias mowyvites mesxeTis eklesia da mesxeTis<br />

qarTveloba, riTac SemdgomSi osmalebs gauadviles<br />

mesxeTis dapyroba. samSoblosagan gamoyofil mesxeTSi <strong>qriste</strong>anoba<br />

Cakvda. samcxe-saaTabagos mosaxleoba ZiriTadad<br />

gamahmadianda da ,,qarTu<strong>li</strong> qristianobis akvani~ _ mesx-<br />

− 50 − − 51 −

---

eTi gadagvarda. samcxis miwa datova awyuris RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s<br />

xatma, rome<strong>li</strong>c iq qristianobas da qarTvelobas icavda..<br />

1645w. mtris Semosevebisagan Seviwroebul awyuris RvTism-<br />

Sob<strong>li</strong>s eklesiis glexebs Tavi qarT<strong>li</strong>saTvis SeufarebiaT.<br />

mesxebma Tan waiRes wmida xatebi, jvrebi im imediT, rom<br />

rodesme mesxeTs qristiani mepatrone gauCndeboda da awyuris<br />

RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xatis, aseve sxva siwmideebis mesxeTSi<br />

dabrunebis SesaZlebloba miecemodaT. 1764w. wmida xati imereTis<br />

mefis solomon I SekveTiT CausvenebiaT triptiqis<br />

saxis moWedil kuboSi. Aawyuris RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xelTuqmne<strong>li</strong><br />

xati am saxiT dabrZanebu<strong>li</strong> iyo gelaTis monasterSi XX<br />

saukunis 20-ian wlebamde, vidre komunistebi taZars daxuravdnen.<br />

deda-RvTisas es uwmidesi xati samwuxarod, droTa<br />

ganmavlobaSi imdenjer ganaxlebul-gadawerila, rom mis<br />

Tavdapirvel ierze veras vambobT. is amJamad xelovnebis<br />

muzeumSia dacu<strong>li</strong> (5. t. III. gv.193; 24.).<br />

pirve<strong>li</strong> qarTu<strong>li</strong> eklesia daaarses TviT <strong>qriste</strong>s mociqulebma,<br />

Tumca qristianoba I-II saukuneebSi ar iqca saqarTveloSi<br />

saxelmwifo re<strong>li</strong>giad, radgan warmarTu<strong>li</strong> sarwmuneoba<br />

kvlav Z<strong>li</strong>eri iyo. miuxedavad amisa, qristianu<strong>li</strong><br />

Temebi sakmao gavleniT sargeblobda saqarTveloSi, rasac<br />

arqeologiuri gaTxrebic adasturebs. I-II saukuneebSi<br />

saqarTveloSi ukve iyo saepiskoposoebi (awyuri, biWvinTa,<br />

fazisi da sxva). I msof<strong>li</strong>o saeklesio krebaze, 325 w. q.<br />

nikeaSi (mcire azia) monawileobda biWvinTis episkoposi<br />

stratofile. agaTangelozis Tanaxmad, episkoposebi iyvnen<br />

ara marto dasavleT saqarTveloSi, aramed aRmosavleT<br />

saqarTveloSic. nikeis krebis win sru<strong>li</strong>ad iberiis mitropo<strong>li</strong>ts<br />

ibr-z-xua rqmevia, dasavleT saqarTvelos episkoposs<br />

– sofroniusi, xolo samxreT saqarTvelos (basianis)<br />

episkoposs - evlaTiusi (5. tomi I, gv. 127-134).<br />

saqarTveloSi qristianoba saxelmwifo re<strong>li</strong>giad me-4<br />

saukunis dasawyisSi gamocxadda. v. goilaZis Tanaxmad, wmida<br />

nino saqarTveloSi Semovida 303 wels. samefo karisa da<br />

xalxis mier qristianobis aRiareba 317-318 wlebSi unda<br />

momxdariyo, xolo 324 wels xalxi masiurad moinaTla<br />

(5. gv. 136). yovladwmida RvTismSobelma Tavisi wilxvedri<br />

qveynis mosaqcevad gamoarCia da akurTxa wmida nino,<br />

romelmac Tavi RmerTs siyrmidanve miuZRvna. wmida nino<br />

warmoSobiT kabadokie<strong>li</strong> * , keTilSobi<strong>li</strong> da warCinebu<strong>li</strong><br />

ojaxis Svi<strong>li</strong> iyo. mamamisi zabuloni romis imperatoris,<br />

maqsimianes, mxedarTmTavari iyo. man ajanyebu<strong>li</strong> branjebis<br />

(frangebis) winaaRmdeg laSqrobaSi miiRo monawileoba da<br />

tyved Cavardni<strong>li</strong> frangebi WeSmarit sarwmunoebaze moaqcia,<br />

xolo Semdeg mTe<strong>li</strong> safrangeTi gaaqristiana. deda, sosana,<br />

ierusa<strong>li</strong>mis patriarqis, iubena<strong>li</strong>s da iyo. wmida nino,<br />

(qarTvelTa saTayvanebe<strong>li</strong> wmidanis, wmida giorgis naTesavi)<br />

12 w<strong>li</strong>s iyo, roca mSoblebma gadawyvites Tavi uf<strong>li</strong>sTvis<br />

SeewiraT. maT TavianTi qoneba Raribebs dauriges. zabuloni<br />

iordaniis gaRma udabnoSi ganmartovda samoRvaweod. sosana<br />

misma Zmam, patriarqma, uZlurTa momvlelad ganawesa. wmida<br />

* sparseTis mefem darios I kabadokia or satrapiat gayo: didi kabadokia,<br />

rom<strong>li</strong>s dedaqalaqi iyo mazaka (mogvianebiT mas ewoda kesaria),<br />

Zvel avtorTa Tanaxmad, didi kabadokiis mosaxleobas ZiriTadad mesxebi<br />

warmoadgendnen. mcire kabadokia Crdilo aRmosavleT nawils moicavda.<br />

mcire kabadokias straboni ~pontos kabadokias~ uwodebda. mosaxleoba<br />

ZiriTadad lazur-Wanuri iyo. ~vfiqrob, nino warmoSobiT pontos kabadokiidan<br />

iyo da Sesabamisad mSob<strong>li</strong>uri ena Wanur-lazuri unda yofi<strong>li</strong>yo...<br />

mcxeTaSi mosv<strong>li</strong>sas, rogorc Cans, ninom swrafad Seiswavla qarT<strong>li</strong>s<br />

dialeqti da swored qarTul enaze daiwyo man axa<strong>li</strong> sarwmunoebis<br />

qadageba (25. gv. 21-22).<br />

− 52 − − 53 −

---

nino ki aRsazrdelad RvTismosav qals, sara beTlemels<br />

miabara. ninos aRmzrde<strong>li</strong> mouTxrobda uf<strong>li</strong>s jvarcmis,<br />

aRdgomis da amaRlebis Sesaxeb. roca ninom Seityo, rom<br />

uf<strong>li</strong>s kvarTi daflu<strong>li</strong> iyo warmarTTa qalaq mcxeTaSi,<br />

gadawyvita qarTvelebi <strong>qriste</strong>s rjulze moeqcia. wmida nino<br />

gulmxurvaled evedreboda RvTismSobels saqarTvelos naxvisa<br />

da im perangis Tayvaniscemis Rirsi gaexada, rome<strong>li</strong>c<br />

Tavad RvTismSobelma mouqsova sayvarel Svils. yovladwmida<br />

qalwulma Seismina vedreba, sizmarSi gamoecxada 14 w<strong>li</strong>s<br />

ninos da uTxra: `wadi Cems wilxvedr saqarTveloSi, iqadage<br />

iq saxareba uf<strong>li</strong>sa <strong>ieso</strong> <strong>qriste</strong>si, moipoveb misgan madls<br />

da me viqnebi Seni mfarve<strong>li</strong>~. amaze wmida ninom upasuxa:<br />

`rogor SemiZ<strong>li</strong>a me, sust qals, rom aseTi didi samsaxuri<br />

gavuwio <strong>qriste</strong>s da riT SemiZ<strong>li</strong>a verwmuno aseTi Cvenebis<br />

WeSmaritebas?~ RvTismSobelma vazis rtosgan gakeTebu<strong>li</strong><br />

jvari misca ( es jvari amJamad Tbi<strong>li</strong>sSi, sionis sakaTedro<br />

taZarSi, inaxeba) `miiRe jvari ese farad da mfarvelad xilu<strong>li</strong><br />

da uxilavi mtrebisgan~, gamoRviZebul ninos, mar-<br />

Tlac, jvari eWira xelSi. man vazis jvari sixaru<strong>li</strong>s cremlebiT<br />

daasvela, sakuTari TmebiT Sekra da saqarTvelosken<br />

wamovida. faravnis tbasTan sizmarSi TviT ufa<strong>li</strong> gamoecxada<br />

da ganamtkica im RvawlSi, rome<strong>li</strong>c saqarTveloSi mas<br />

eloda. faravnis tbasTan ninom gaicno mcxeTe<strong>li</strong> mwyemsebi,<br />

Tanamgzavrebic ipova da wvalebiT qalaq urbnisamde moaRwia,<br />

sadac uriaTubanSi dasaxlda da erTi Tve dahyo. Semdeg<br />

armazis kerpis Tayvanissacemad wasul qarTvelebs SeuerTda<br />

da mcxeTaSi Cavida. mcxeTaSi wminda ninos saSine<strong>li</strong> sanaxaoba<br />

daxvda, mefe da mTe<strong>li</strong> eri SiSiT Zrwoda kerpebis<br />

winaSe. ninom locva daiwyo, SesTxovda ufals gonze moeyvana<br />

qarTve<strong>li</strong> xalxi. ismina ninos vedreba ufalma. uceb<br />

Z<strong>li</strong>erma qarma daubera, wamovida setyva da kerpebi Semusra.<br />

wmida nino samefo baRSi dasaxlda. igi mayv<strong>li</strong>s buCqSi cxovrobda.<br />

aq man bevri saswau<strong>li</strong> moaxdina. misi locviT dedofa<strong>li</strong><br />

nana ukurnebe<strong>li</strong> senisagan ganikurna. mirian mefem<br />

nana dedofa<strong>li</strong> locviTa da jvris SexebiT saswaulebrivad<br />

gankurnebu<strong>li</strong> rom naxa, daiwyo <strong>qriste</strong>s rju<strong>li</strong>s gamoZieba.<br />

Mman gamohkiTxa uriayofil abiaTar mRvdels Zve<strong>li</strong><br />

da axa<strong>li</strong> rju<strong>li</strong>. gadaikiTxa `nebroTis wigni~, rome<strong>li</strong>c<br />

farulad dacu<strong>li</strong> hqondaT qarTvel mefeebs. kiTxvisas ipova<br />

adgi<strong>li</strong>, sadac qaldevelTa pirvel mefes, nebroTs, babilonis<br />

godo<strong>li</strong>s Senebisas zecidan xma moesma: ,,me var miqae<strong>li</strong>,<br />

RvTis mier dadgeni<strong>li</strong> aRmosavleTis mTavrad. datove<br />

es qalaqi, radgan RmerTi ifaravs mas. Uukanasknel Jams<br />

mova meufe cisa, rom<strong>li</strong>s xilvac Sen gnebavs... misi SiSi<br />

ganaqarvebs am sof<strong>li</strong>s sitkboebas. mefeni datoveben mefobas<br />

da siglaxakes dauwyeben Zebnas. is gixilavs Sen QWirSi<br />

myofs da gixsnis (26. gv.137). mirianma yuradReba miaqcia<br />

sityvebs `mova meufe cisa~ da `gixsnis~ Sen. maSin mixvda<br />

miriani, gankacebu<strong>li</strong> <strong>qriste</strong> rom iyo swored is mxsne<strong>li</strong><br />

kacobriobisa, rom<strong>li</strong>s Sesaxebac saubari iyo bib<strong>li</strong>asa da<br />

nebroTis wignebSi. mefes gauCnda survi<strong>li</strong> <strong>qriste</strong>s rju<strong>li</strong>s<br />

miRebisa, Tumca uCinari mteri abrkolebda (26. gv. 137).<br />

erTxel mefe miriani TxoTis mTaze sanadirod wavida.<br />

mas gadawyveti<strong>li</strong> hqonda mcxeTaSi dabrunebisTanave moekla<br />

yvela qristiani, wmida nino da Tavad nana dedofa<strong>li</strong>c, Tu<br />

is ar datovebda <strong>qriste</strong>s rjuls. nadirobisas, moulodnelad,<br />

RvTis gangebiT, mirian * mefes TvalT daubnelda. mis<br />

* mirian mefis SemTxvevaSi, (iseve rogorc damaskos gzaze mimaval savles,<br />

SemdegSi pavle mociqu<strong>li</strong>, SemTxvevaSi) mzis dabnelebas adgi<strong>li</strong> ar hqonia.<br />

mefe uf<strong>li</strong>s naTelma moicva da Tva<strong>li</strong>s Cini waerTva. masTan myofni mzis<br />

− 54 − − 55 −

---

irgv<strong>li</strong>v ukuni Rame Camowva. SeSinebulma mirianma kerpebs<br />

SesTxova daxmareba, magram amaod. maSin mefe ninos RmerTs<br />

Seevedra da moxda saswau<strong>li</strong>, mas Tva<strong>li</strong>s Cini daubrunda. gaxarebulma<br />

mirianma madloba Seswira ufals. niSandob<strong>li</strong>via,<br />

rom mirian mefis saswaulebrivi moqceva wmida e<strong>li</strong>a Tezbite<strong>li</strong>s<br />

dRes, 2agvistos (Zv. sti<strong>li</strong>T 20iv<strong>li</strong>si), e<strong>li</strong>aobas<br />

moxda. mcxeTaSi dabrunebulma mefem inaxula wmida nino<br />

da auwya, rom masac surda gaqristianeba. mirianma, ninos<br />

rCeviT, saberZneTSi konstantine mefesTan mociqulebi gagzavna.<br />

konstantine mefem mirian mefis TxovniT saqarTvelo-<br />

Si episkoposi ioane, mRvdlebi da diakvnebi gamogzavna. man<br />

qarTvel xalxs saCuqrad gamougzavna macxovris xati, ori<br />

lursmani da im cxovelmyofe<strong>li</strong> jvris nawi<strong>li</strong>, romelzec<br />

fexebiT mialursmnes <strong>qriste</strong>. mefe-dedofa<strong>li</strong>, samefo kari<br />

da mTe<strong>li</strong> qarTve<strong>li</strong> eri mtkvris da aragvis SesarTavTan<br />

moinaTla. mirian mefem qristianoba saxelmwifo re<strong>li</strong>giad<br />

sinaTles kargad xedavdnen. `viTarca ganvida igi mTasa zeda TxoTisasa,<br />

daubnelda mas gangebulebiTa RvTisaiTa, viTarca igi pirvel pavles. da<br />

viTarca ver SemZlebel iyo igi svlad, xmobda monaTa mimarT da mTavarTa,<br />

viTarmed `dabneldes Tvalni Cemni, xolo Tqven xedavTa naTelsa?~ xolo<br />

igini ityodes: `brwyinvaled vxedavT Cven naTelsa mzisasa....~ (Zve<strong>li</strong><br />

qarTu<strong>li</strong> <strong>li</strong>teraturis qrestomaTia, ~cxorebai da moqalaqeobai Rirsisa<br />

da mociqulTa sworisa netarisa ninoisi,1, gv.224-225, 1946. Semdgene<strong>li</strong><br />

solomon yubaneiSvi<strong>li</strong>); `wmida eklesia sru<strong>li</strong>ad saqarTvelosi<br />

da Zve<strong>li</strong> matianenni erTobiT mogviTxroben mirianis TvalTdabrmavebas<br />

da ara mzis dabnelebas. viTar ucodinobiT zraxaven awindelni urwmunoni<br />

da ugononi mweralni, baZuelni usjuloebisani~. (mixeil sabinini,<br />

saqarTvelos samoTxe, gv. 140); (nikoloz I kaTo<strong>li</strong>kosi `sakiTxavi suetis<br />

cxove<strong>li</strong>sai kuarTisa saufloisa da kaTo<strong>li</strong>ke eklesiisa~, gv.63-64<br />

1908); (qarTu<strong>li</strong> wyaroebis msgavsad, mirianTan dakavSirebul movlenas,<br />

analogiurad aSuqebs IV-V saukunis istorikosi Teodorite kvire<strong>li</strong>,<br />

`saeklesio istoria, gv. 70-71, 2008).<br />

gamoacxada. (t.I, gv.144-168).<br />

konstantine keisris mier saqarTveloSi gamogzavni<strong>li</strong><br />

pirve<strong>li</strong> samRvdelo pirni warmoSobiT iyvnen kabadokie<strong>li</strong><br />

qarTvelebi, rogorc TviT wminda nino. konstantine mefem<br />

didad gaixara qarTvelTa moqceviT da kabadokiel episkoposs<br />

ioanes (warmoSobiT qarTvels) ubrZana samRvdelo dasiTa da<br />

wmida nivTebiT mcxeTaSi wamosu<strong>li</strong>yo. (27. gv.11, 1900).<br />

arsebobs mosazreba, rom qarTu<strong>li</strong> eklesia eqvemdebareboda<br />

konstantinopo<strong>li</strong>s an antioqiis eklesiebs, rac simarTles<br />

ar Seesabameba. qarTu<strong>li</strong> eklesia andria mociqulma daaarsa.<br />

amitom is, mociqulTa 34-e kanonis Tanaxmad, pirve<strong>li</strong> saukunidanve<br />

damoukidebe<strong>li</strong> iyo. isedac sainteresoa, vis unda<br />

damorCileboda qarTu<strong>li</strong> eklesia maSin, rodesac ierusa<strong>li</strong>mi<br />

70 w<strong>li</strong>sTvis tite kesarie<strong>li</strong>s mier dangreu<strong>li</strong> iyo da<br />

iq qristianu<strong>li</strong> Temic ki aRar arsebobda. romsa da antioqiaSic<br />

qristianoba idevneboda (5. t.I, gv.42). saqarTvelo<br />

I-II saukuneebSi mTel amierkavkasiaSi uZ<strong>li</strong>eresi saxelmwifo<br />

iyo. romi mas angariSs uwevda da saqarTvelos metismeti<br />

gaZ<strong>li</strong>erebisac ki eSinoda (5. t.I, gv.20).<br />

rac Seexeba konstantinopo<strong>li</strong>s eklesias, saqarTvelos<br />

eklesia Tundac im ubralo mizezis gamo ver iqneboda<br />

masze daqvemdebarebu<strong>li</strong>, rom I-II-III saukuneebSi aseTi eklesia<br />

saerTod ar arsebobda. konstantinopo<strong>li</strong> bizantiis<br />

dedaqalaqi xdeba 330w. maSinac misi eparqia iseTi mcire<br />

iyo, rom dedaqalaqis sazRvrebs ar scildeboda. konstantine<br />

mefe mRvdlebis gamogzavniT qarTul eklesias saorganizacio<br />

sakiTxebis mogvarebaSi daexmara. verc antioqiis<br />

eklesiaze iqneboda damokidebu<strong>li</strong> imis gamo, rom antioqiasa<br />

da saqarTvelos Soris pontos Z<strong>li</strong>eri eklesia iyo<br />

gadaWimu<strong>li</strong>. igi, faqtiurad, mTel mcire azias moicavda.<br />

− 56 − − 57 −

---

ponto ki yvelasaTvis cnobi<strong>li</strong>a, rom qarTu<strong>li</strong> samyaro<br />

iyo, dasaxlebu<strong>li</strong> qarTulad mosaubre tomebiT. qarTu<strong>li</strong><br />

eklesia kabadokiuri warmoSobisaa. saqarTvelo da somxeTi<br />

kabadokielma misionerebma moaqcies. wmida ninom _<br />

saqarTvelo, wmida grigolma ki _ somxeTi. grigol ganmanaTlebe<strong>li</strong><br />

kabadokiaSi gaizarda. somexTa episkopoposad<br />

kabadokiis kesariis episkoposis, leontis mier iqna xeldasxmu<strong>li</strong>.<br />

miswrafeba imperiis dedaqalaqebisa, rom TavianT<br />

daqvemdebarebaSi moeqciaT mcire eklesiebi, V saukunidan<br />

gaCnda. amjeradac, qarTu<strong>li</strong> eklesia berZnu<strong>li</strong> eklesiisagan<br />

damoukidebe<strong>li</strong> darCa imitom, rom IV saukunis damdegs<br />

da V saukunis 60-ian wlebamde saqarTvelo iranma daipyro.<br />

isini ki ar dauSvebdnen, rom berZnebs Tavisi Zalaufleba<br />

saqarTveloSi gaevrcelebinaT (5. t.I, gv.185-255). V saukunis<br />

60-ian wlebSi vaxtang mefe gamefda. am dros qarT<strong>li</strong><br />

sparseTs hqonda dapyrobi<strong>li</strong>, meores mxriv ki, osTa Semosevebisagan<br />

iyo gamwarebu<strong>li</strong>. arc berZnebi aklebdnen xels.<br />

bizantiam V saukunis pirvel naxevarSi dasavleT saqarTvelos<br />

mniSvnelovani nawi<strong>li</strong> miitaca, kerZod, egriswy<strong>li</strong>dan<br />

cixegojamde. yvelaze cudi ki is iyo, rom bizantia mitacebul<br />

miwebze mcxovreb qarTvel mosaxleobas ,,aberZnebda~<br />

(5. t.I, gv.206). qarTve<strong>li</strong> mefeebi orive dampyrobels,<br />

sparseTsa da saberZneTs erTdroulad ebrZodnen. xSirad<br />

ki brZnulad iyenebdnen winaaRmdegobas am saxelmwifoTa<br />

Soris da xan berZnebs ebrZodnen sparselTa Za<strong>li</strong>T, xan ki<br />

sparselebs berZenTa Za<strong>li</strong>T (9. gv.5).<br />

saberZneTSi qristianoba did gansacdelSi iyo IX saukunemde.<br />

konstantinopo<strong>li</strong> mravalgvari mwvaleblobis<br />

bude iyo. mwvaleblebs ara marto imperatorebi mfarvelobdnen,<br />

aramed saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi saberZneTis ekle-<br />

siebs mwvalebe<strong>li</strong> patriarqebi ganagebdnen. rac Seexeba maT<br />

saukeTeso mRvTelmTavrebs tanjvaSi gaatares Tavisi sicocxle.<br />

saberZneTis samefodan devni<strong>li</strong> qristianebi da<br />

maTi mRvdelmTavrebi (da maTi siwmindeebi) siyvaruls da<br />

TavSesafars saqarTveloSi poulobdnen. TviT imperator<br />

konstantine didis naT<strong>li</strong>a konstantinopo<strong>li</strong>s patriarqi<br />

evsevi nikomidie<strong>li</strong>, yofi<strong>li</strong> episkoposi beruTisa da nikomidiisa<br />

mwvalebe<strong>li</strong> iyo da mis TanamoazreebTan erTad istoria<br />

`evsevianelebs~ uwodebs. aba rome<strong>li</strong> eklesiuri wesi<br />

da rigi unda mieRo saqarTvelos eklesias saberZneTisgan,<br />

rodesac TviT igi burbuSelasaviT iryeoda... IX saukunemde<br />

moundnen wmida mamani da msof<strong>li</strong>os 7 saeklesio kreba<br />

(325-718) saberZneTSi qristianobis damkvidrebas. im dros,<br />

rodesac saberZneTis, mcire aziisa da afrikis eklesiebs<br />

mwvaleblebi aryevdnen. saqarTvelos eklesiis samRvdeloeba<br />

mSvidobianad moZRvravda qarTvel ers. mwvalebelni da<br />

urwmunoni ver bedavdnen qarTvelebTan xmis amoRebas da<br />

Suris Tva<strong>li</strong>T Sehyurebdnen qarTvelTa su<strong>li</strong>er-zneobriv<br />

amaRlebasa da warmatebas. saqarTveloSi IV saukuneSive saberZneTisagan<br />

gansxvavebiT aRorZinda da ganmtkicda qristianoba.<br />

mcxeTis episkoposebad kabadokie<strong>li</strong> qarTvelebi<br />

iniSnebodnen da maT sasaxelod unda iTqvas, rom saqarTveloSi<br />

arcerT mwvalebels fexi ar Semoadgmevines. mirian<br />

mefis droidan moyolebu<strong>li</strong> qarTul enaze iswavleboda da<br />

imoZRvreboda qarTve<strong>li</strong> eri. qarTu<strong>li</strong> enis kargad mcodne<br />

kabadokie<strong>li</strong> mTavarepiskoposebisa da mRvdlebis daniSvniT<br />

saberZneTis imperatorebi ierTgulebdnen saqarTve<strong>li</strong>s<br />

samefos sparseTis sawinaamRdegod. saberZneTsa da sparseTs<br />

uZvelesi droidan didi mtroba hqondaT erTmaneTSi. maT<br />

Soris xSirad gamarjvebu<strong>li</strong> rCeboda is, visac qarTvelTa<br />

− 58 − − 59 −

---

gu<strong>li</strong> hqonda mogebu<strong>li</strong>. (27. gv. 25-27).<br />

rac Seexeba mironis kurTxevas, 451 wels Catarebu<strong>li</strong><br />

qalkedonis meoTxe msof<strong>li</strong>o saeklesio krebis dadgenilebiT,<br />

mironis Sezaveba-kurTxeva da damzadeba mcxeTaSi<br />

ukve V saukuneSive xdeboda (5. t.II, gv.97).<br />

vaxtang gorgas<strong>li</strong>s Rvaw<strong>li</strong> qarTve<strong>li</strong> eris winaSe udidesia.<br />

pirve<strong>li</strong> sityvebi, romlebic man taxtze asv<strong>li</strong>sTanave<br />

warmosTqva, iyo, rom gansacde<strong>li</strong> maT ufalma codvebis gamo<br />

mouv<strong>li</strong>na. man aramarto gaaerTiana saqarTvelo, aramed<br />

Zalze didi reforma Caatara eklesiaSi. vaxtangma moaxerxa<br />

eklesiis saxelmwifoze daqvemdebareba. qarTul eklesias<br />

misca is saxe, rome<strong>li</strong>c mas amJamad aqvs _ kaTo<strong>li</strong>ko soba<br />

(5. t.I, gv.322). pirve<strong>li</strong> kaTo<strong>li</strong>kosebi: petre I, grigol<br />

nazianze<strong>li</strong>s mowafe da samoe<strong>li</strong> kabadokie<strong>li</strong> qarTvelebi<br />

iyvnen (27. gv.33). man saqarTveloSi uamravi eklesia-monasteri<br />

aaSena. vaxtang mefem Seasrula wmida mirian mefis<br />

survi<strong>li</strong> da ierusa<strong>li</strong>mSi qarTvelTa jvris monasteri<br />

aago. sikvdi<strong>li</strong>s win vaxtang mefis ukanaskne<strong>li</strong> sityvebi<br />

iyo: ,,ise icxovreT, rom eZiebdeT sikvdils <strong>qriste</strong>sTvis,<br />

raTa waruva<strong>li</strong> dideba moipovoT~. misi sikvdi<strong>li</strong>s Semdeg<br />

VI saukuneSi saqarTvelo sparseTma kvlav daipyro da<br />

qarTu<strong>li</strong> saxelmwifo gaauqma. marTa<strong>li</strong>a igi VI saukunis<br />

bolos aRsdga, magram didxans ar uarsebia (5. t.I, gv.338).<br />

bizantiis imperatoris herakle keisris laSqrobam axlad<br />

aRorZinebul saqarTvelos fexze dadgomis saSualeba ar<br />

misca. arabebis Semosevis dros qarTu<strong>li</strong> saxelmwifo, faqtobrivad<br />

ganadgurebu<strong>li</strong> iyo herakle keisris mier, ramac<br />

arabebs gauadvila daS<strong>li</strong><strong>li</strong> qarT<strong>li</strong>s damorCileba. herakle<br />

keisari saqarTvelos ase sastikad imitom moeqca, rom<br />

mas afrTxobda qarT<strong>li</strong>s saxelmwifos aRorZineba zRvidan<br />

konstantinopo<strong>li</strong>s didi mRvdelmTavari, usamarTlod devni<strong>li</strong><br />

ioane oqropiri saqarTveloSi, komanSi gadaasaxles (sofe<strong>li</strong><br />

komani soxumidan 15 km. daSorebu<strong>li</strong>). wmidani aResrula komanSi 407<br />

w<strong>li</strong>s 14 seqtembers. misi ukanaskne<strong>li</strong> sityvebi iyo: `dideba ufals<br />

yvelafrisaTvis~. wmida ioane oqropiris neStis gadasasveneblad<br />

konstantinopo<strong>li</strong>dan Camosulma delegaciam luskumidan (kubo)<br />

wmidanis uxrwne<strong>li</strong> nawilebi ver amoabrZana. saswau<strong>li</strong>T gaocebulebma<br />

imperators auwyes momxdaris Sesaxeb. imperatori mixvda<br />

Tavis Secdomas da dawera epistole (weri<strong>li</strong>), romelSic wmidans<br />

codvebis mitevebas sTxovda. rogorc ki epistole waikiTxes ioane<br />

oqropiris kubosTan, is Semsubuqda. wmidanis uxrwne<strong>li</strong> nawilebi<br />

kubodan advilad amoabrZanes da komanidan konstantinopolSi<br />

gadaabrZanes. es moxda 438 wels. qvis sarkofagi, romelSic netari<br />

mama esvena axlac komanSia. misive saxelobis taZarSi.<br />

− 60 − − 61 −

---

albaneTamde. I-IV saukuneebSi da adrec qarT<strong>li</strong>s saxelmwifo<br />

erTaderTi tradiciu<strong>li</strong> metoqe iyo kavkasiaSi jer<br />

romis, Semdeg ki rom-berZenTa imperiisa (5. t.II, gv.26).<br />

heraklem saqarTvelos waarTva mTe<strong>li</strong> SavizRvispireTi da<br />

Tavis imperias miuerTa, konstantinopo<strong>li</strong>s sapatriarqos<br />

dauqvemdebara da mis mier dapyrobil teritoriaze ber-<br />

Znu<strong>li</strong> saepiskosoebi daaarsa. riTac qarTve<strong>li</strong> mosaxleoba<br />

gaaberZna (5.t.II, gv. 27).<br />

VI-VII saukuneebSi saqarTvelo kidev erTi Zalzed sa-<br />

SiSi safrTxis winaSe aRmoCnda. safrTxe daemuqra Cvens sarwmunoebas.<br />

sparselebma ver moaxerxes cecxlTayvanismcemlobis<br />

gavrceleba, amitom qarTvelebs aiZulebdnen mieRoT<br />

monofizitoba. monofizitebi aRiareben RmerTis mxolod<br />

erT bunebas _ mis RvTaebriobas. ,,mono~ niSnavs erTs, ma-<br />

Sin roca Cven, marTlmadideblebi, vaRiarebT <strong>qriste</strong>s or<br />

bunebas: RvTaebrivs da kacobrivs. monofizitoba _ mwvaleblobaa.<br />

mas somxur sarwmunoebasac eZaxian. sparseTis mefe<br />

xosro I somxebs daemuqra gadasaxlebiT, Tu ar Seicv<strong>li</strong>dnen<br />

sarwmunoebas. somxebma bevri ifiqres da bolos somex-<br />

Ta kaTa<strong>li</strong>kosma nerse II-m qveynidan gadasaxlebas su<strong>li</strong>s<br />

sikvdi<strong>li</strong> amjobina da mwuxarebiT amcno sparsTa mefes, rom<br />

miiRebdnen monofizitobas. sparselebma somxebs mosTxoves<br />

SeeqmnaT sakuTari anbani, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, esargeblaT<br />

siriul-sparsu<strong>li</strong>T. maSin somxebma gamoiyenes <strong>Cveni</strong> anbani<br />

da Tqves, rom qarTu<strong>li</strong>c da somxuric maTi Seqmni<strong>li</strong> iyo.<br />

ismis kiTxva Tu rogor moaxerxes somxebma CvenTvis SeeqmnaT<br />

srulyofi<strong>li</strong> anbani (baron uslaris azriT, qarTu<strong>li</strong><br />

anbani msof<strong>li</strong>oSi erT-erTi yvelaze srulyofi<strong>li</strong> anbania),<br />

roca maTi arasrulyofi<strong>li</strong> iyo. somxur anbans aso-niSani<br />

~o~ aklda, rome<strong>li</strong>c XII saukuneSi Seitanes. qarTul an-<br />

banSi es aso-niSani Tavidanve iyo. (3. gv.470).<br />

VI saukuneSi saqarTvelo monofizitobisagan Cvenma<br />

zeciurma mfarvelma _ yovladwmida RvTismSobelma ixsna.<br />

RvTismSobe<strong>li</strong> gamoecxada kabadokiis erT-erT mRvimeSi<br />

moRvawe wmida ber ioanes, ubrZana Tavis mowafeTa Soris<br />

12 beri amoerCia da maTTan erTad saqarTveloSi wamosu<strong>li</strong>yo,<br />

raTa qarTve<strong>li</strong> xalxi monofizituri mwvaleblobisagan<br />

exsna da wmida ninos mier moqceul saqarTveloSi<br />

qristianoba ganemtkicebina (57. gv.3). wmida ioanem am<br />

gamocxadebis Sesaxeb uambo Tavis mowafeebs, Semdeg wmida<br />

trapezze moaTavsa furclebze daweri<strong>li</strong> maTi saxelebi da<br />

SesTxova RmerTs, raTa wirvis dasasruls mas Tavad gamoerCia<br />

12 maTgani. moxda saswau<strong>li</strong>, RvTis angelozma yvelas<br />

dasanaxad mama ioanes xelSi Caudo furclebi saxelebiT<br />

(57. gv.4). wmida mamam RvTis miniSnebiT, 12 mowafe airCia<br />

da saqarTveloSi wamovida.<br />

q. edesis (siria) mosaxleobis ZiriTadi nawi<strong>li</strong> asirielebi<br />

iyvnen. Tumca, saqarTvelodan da kapadokiidan savaWrod,<br />

saswavleblad Tu re<strong>li</strong>giur niadagze Casulma qarTvelobam<br />

q. edesaSi (IV-VI ss.) qarTu<strong>li</strong> koloniebi daaarsa. aq<br />

qarTvelebs hqondaT sakuTari salocavebi da wmida adgilebi.<br />

magram, qarTu<strong>li</strong> koloniis birTvi ZiriTadad mainc<br />

qarTveluri (karduxTa) tomis mier iyo Seqmni<strong>li</strong>. isini<br />

saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi cxovrobdnen asurul garemocvaSi.<br />

zog maTgans qarTu<strong>li</strong> daviwyebu<strong>li</strong> hqonda, magram SegnebiT<br />

qarTve<strong>li</strong> iyo. aRniSnu<strong>li</strong>T unda aixsnas is, rom qarTlSi<br />

mosv<strong>li</strong>s pirve<strong>li</strong> dRidanve asurel mamebad wodebu<strong>li</strong> sasu<strong>li</strong>ero<br />

pirebi ioane zedazne<strong>li</strong> da misi Tormeti mowafe<br />

ise dauaxlovdnen adgilobriv mkvidrT, ise SeiWren maT<br />

sulsa da gulSi, rom Zne<strong>li</strong> dasajerebe<strong>li</strong>a es moexerx-<br />

− 62 − − 63 −

---

ioane zedazne<strong>li</strong> da misi 12 mowafe. wina rigSi: daviT gareje<strong>li</strong>,<br />

Sio mRvime<strong>li</strong>, abibos nekrese<strong>li</strong>, ioane zedazne<strong>li</strong>, ise wilkne<strong>li</strong>, ioseb<br />

alaverde<strong>li</strong> da anton martyofe<strong>li</strong> uf<strong>li</strong>s xelTuqmne<strong>li</strong> xatiT xelSi.<br />

ukana rigSi: piros breTe<strong>li</strong>, zenon iyalToe<strong>li</strong>, stefane xirse<strong>li</strong>, isidore<br />

samTavne<strong>li</strong>, Tadeoz stefanwminde<strong>li</strong> da miqael ulumboe<strong>li</strong>.<br />

ebinaT Soreu<strong>li</strong> ucxoeTidan mosul adamianebs, romelTac<br />

adgilobriv mkvidrTa arc ena icodnen da arc zne-Cveuleba.<br />

amrigad, asurel mamebad miCneu<strong>li</strong> ioane zedazne<strong>li</strong> da<br />

misi Tormeti mowafe warmoSobiT karduxTa qveynidan, kapadokiidan<br />

da saqarTvelodan q. edesaSi saswavleblad Casu<strong>li</strong><br />

qarTvelebi unda yofi<strong>li</strong>yvnen. asurel mamebs qarTvelebad<br />

miiCneven d. baqraZe, k. keke<strong>li</strong>Ze, S. nucubiZe, s. kakabaZe da<br />

sxvani. CrdiloeT SuamdinareTis q. edesa, ierusa<strong>li</strong>mTan da<br />

sxva aRmosavlur qristianul centrebTan erTad, miCneu<strong>li</strong><br />

iyo sazRvargareT qarTvelTa moRvaweobis erT-erT uZveles<br />

adgilad. q. edesaSi unda yofi<strong>li</strong>yo mZlavri mTargmnelobiTi<br />

kera, sadac siriu<strong>li</strong>dan qarTulad iTargmneboda sasu<strong>li</strong>ero<br />

xasiaTis <strong>li</strong>teratura (26. gv.125-158).<br />

`saqarTveloSi kabadokiidan movida 13 mama. maTi<br />

saxelebia: ioane, daviTi, stefane, iosebi, zenoni, antoni,<br />

ise, TaTe, Sio, isidore, abibosi, miqae<strong>li</strong>, pirosi, meToTxmete<br />

diakoni i<strong>li</strong>a. es mamebi, mowafeni svimeon mesvetisa,<br />

iyvnen qarTvelebi~ (13. gv.44).<br />

mcxeTaSi mamebs miegebnen mefe farsmani da kaTo<strong>li</strong>kosi<br />

evlaviosi, radganac kaTo<strong>li</strong>koss uf<strong>li</strong>s angelozisgan<br />

hqonda gamocxdeba wmida mamebis Semosv<strong>li</strong>s Taobaze saqarTveloSi.<br />

misagebeblad gamosul kaTo<strong>li</strong>koss maT qarTulad<br />

upasuxes. wmida mamebma sveticxovelSi Tayvani sces uf<strong>li</strong>s<br />

kvarTs, moiloces yvela is adgi<strong>li</strong>, sadac wmida ninom<br />

iqadaga. maisis erT dRes mama ioanem zedaznis mTaze, sadac<br />

uwin zadenis kerpi iyo da eSmakebi budobdnen, nis<strong>li</strong>s msgavsi<br />

ram SeamCnia. Rirsma mamam isurva uwmindurTa gandevna<br />

im adgi<strong>li</strong>dan da iTxova kaTo<strong>li</strong>kosisagan is uRrani adgi<strong>li</strong><br />

samoRvaweod, razec miiRo locva-kurTxeva. zedazenze<br />

misasvlelad saWiro iyo adidebul aragvze gadasvla. Mmama<br />

ioane mimarTavs mama Sios: `iloce mamao, rom RmerTma mSvidobiT<br />

gadagviyvanos~. wmida Sio usityvod daemorCila<br />

moZRvars, aRmosavleTiT samjer moidrika mux<strong>li</strong>, wyals<br />

jvari gadasaxa da warmosTqva: `<strong>Cveni</strong> mama ioane gibrZanebs,<br />

wyalo, raTa dineba SeaCero~. mdinaresTan gasacileblad<br />

− 64 − − 65 −

---

mosul kaTo<strong>li</strong>kosis, episkoposebisa da xalxis Tvalwin<br />

moxda saswau<strong>li</strong>: mdinare SeCerda manamade, sanam mamebi meore<br />

napirze ar gadavidnen (57. gv.5).<br />

zedazeni uwylo adgi<strong>li</strong> iyo. mamebi wyals Sori manZi<strong>li</strong>dan<br />

ezidebodnen. ioane zedazne<strong>li</strong>s locviT mTis mwvervalze<br />

makurnebelma wyalma amoxeTqa, rome<strong>li</strong>c dResac kurnavs<br />

avadmyofebs. wyaros daTvi SeeCvia. wmida ioanes locviT<br />

mxecic ki moTvinierda. wmida mama uamrav saswauls axdenda.<br />

bevrma datova sof<strong>li</strong>s amao, SfoTiani cxovreba da zedazens<br />

daemkvidra samoRvaweod. erT Rames wmida ioanes isev<br />

gamoecxada deda RvTisa da ubrZana Tavisi mowafeebi saqarTvelos<br />

sxvadasxva mxares gaegzavna saqadageblad. wmida mamebs<br />

im mxareebis saxelebiT movixseniebT, sadac moRvaweobdnen:<br />

abibos nekrese<strong>li</strong>, anton martyofe<strong>li</strong>, zenon iyalToe<strong>li</strong>,<br />

Tadeoz stefanwminde<strong>li</strong>, ise wilkne<strong>li</strong>, ioseb alaverde<strong>li</strong>,<br />

isidore samTavne<strong>li</strong>, miqael ulumboe<strong>li</strong>, piros breTe<strong>li</strong>,<br />

stefane xirse<strong>li</strong>, Sio mRvime<strong>li</strong> da daviT gareje<strong>li</strong>. wmida<br />

mamebi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevdnen qarTul saubars<br />

da wirva-locvis qrTul enaze Catarebas. maT Tavdauzogavi<br />

Rvaw<strong>li</strong>T qarTul eklesias Tavidan aaciles didi safrTxe _<br />

monofizitoba, anu, somxuri sarwmunoebis miReba.<br />

wmida daviT gareje<strong>li</strong> Tavis su<strong>li</strong>er SvilTan, lukianesTan,<br />

erTad Tbi<strong>li</strong>sis maxloblad mdebare mTaze, mcire<br />

gamoqvabulSi dasaxlda. erTxel, cecxlTayvaniscemelma<br />

sparselma qurumebma fexmZime meZavi qa<strong>li</strong> moisyides da saqadageblad<br />

qalaqSi Casul mama daviTs masTan mruSoba daswames.<br />

wmidanma kverTxi Seaxo dedakacis mucels da hkiTxa: `Cvilo,<br />

saxe<strong>li</strong>Ta uf<strong>li</strong>sa <strong>Cveni</strong>sa <strong>ieso</strong> <strong>qriste</strong>si, mipasuxe var Tu<br />

ara me Seni mama~. Cvilma dedis muc<strong>li</strong>dan upasuxa, rom<br />

misi mama sxva iyo. xalxma dedakaci qvebiT Caqola. miuxe-<br />

davad xalxis vedrebisa, mama daviTma qalaqi datova. igi<br />

lukianesTan erTad garejis udabnoSi patara gamoqvabulSi<br />

daeyuda. mamebi mTel dros locvasa da marxvaSi atarebdnen,<br />

balaxiTa da xis qerqiT ikvebebodnen. zafxulSi balaxic<br />

gaxma. RmerTma mamebs irmebi gamougzavna. lukiane wve<strong>li</strong>da,<br />

mama daviTi rZes jvars gadasaxavda da yvelad gadaiqceoda.<br />

erTxel, rodesac irmebi mama daviTisken midiodnen, mxecma<br />

maT nukri mostaca. rodesac wmida mamam SeSinebu<strong>li</strong> irmebi<br />

ixila, aiRo kverTxi, romelzec <strong>qriste</strong>s jvari iyo gamosaxu<strong>li</strong><br />

da kvals gahyva. kvalma erT gamoqvabulamde miiyvana,<br />

sadac uzarmazari gveleSapi cxovrobda. mis danaxvaze lukianes<br />

gu<strong>li</strong> wauvida. mama daviTma mxecs <strong>qriste</strong>s saxe<strong>li</strong>T<br />

gamoqvabu<strong>li</strong>s datoveba ubrZana. rodesac gveleSapi gamovida,<br />

mas mexi daeca da rogorc Tiva, ise dawva. erTxel mama<br />

daviTi ierusa<strong>li</strong>mis mosalocad wavida. berma wmida qalaqSi<br />

Sesv<strong>li</strong>s Rirsad ar CaTvala Tavi da qalaqis karTan mxurvaled<br />

iloca. aiRo 3 qva da saqarTvelosken gamoemarTa.<br />

im Rames, ierusa<strong>li</strong>mis patriarqs, e<strong>li</strong>as, uf<strong>li</strong>s angelozi<br />

gamoecxada da auwya, rom mama daviTs ierusa<strong>li</strong>mis mTe<strong>li</strong><br />

mad<strong>li</strong> mihqonda. patriarqis gagzavni<strong>li</strong> kacebi mama daviTs<br />

daedevnen da ori qva gamoarTves, mesame qva ki saqarTveloSi<br />

Camoitana. es qva dResac daviT garejSia. mas mad<strong>li</strong>s qvas<br />

uwodeben. am qvasTan SexebiT xalxi dResac saswaulebrivad<br />

ikurneba. mravalmTaSi mama daviTis brZanebiT wmida ioane<br />

naT<strong>li</strong>smcem<strong>li</strong>s mamaTa monasteri aSenda. mama daviTi<br />

garejis udabnoSia dakrZalu<strong>li</strong>. mis saflavze mTxvevisas<br />

dabadebidan brma ganikurna. sakvirvelmoqmedi mamis saflavis<br />

Tayvanismcemelni dResac aseve ikurnebian su<strong>li</strong>eri da<br />

xorcie<strong>li</strong> tkivilebisagan.<br />

wmida Sio mRvime<strong>li</strong> mcxeTis maxloblad, sarkine-<br />

− 66 − − 67 −

---

Tis mTebis erT-erT mRvimeSi daeyuda. erTxel, mTe<strong>li</strong><br />

Ramis mxurvale locvis Semdeg, ganTiadisas, mTel xevs<br />

sakvirve<strong>li</strong> naTe<strong>li</strong> moefina. wmida Sios RvTismSobe<strong>li</strong><br />

gamoecxada wmida ioane naT<strong>li</strong>smcemelTan erTad. RvTism-<br />

Sobelma Tov<strong>li</strong>s msgavsi ram misca. am gamocxadebis Semdeg<br />

mama Siom, martodmartom, xevSi Tavisi Rvaw<strong>li</strong> ufro<br />

gaaZ<strong>li</strong>era. erTxel monastris saxedrebs mge<strong>li</strong> SeeCvia.<br />

mama Sios locviT mge<strong>li</strong> saxedrebs mwyemsavda da balaxiT<br />

daiwyo kveba. wmida Siom aiRo kurTxeva Tavisi su<strong>li</strong>eri<br />

mamis, wmida ioane zedazne<strong>li</strong>sagan da mRvimeSi ganmartovda.<br />

<strong>qriste</strong>s siyvaru<strong>li</strong>saTvis cocxlad damarxu<strong>li</strong><br />

Rirsi Sio 15 we<strong>li</strong>wadi cxovrobda mRvimeSi marxviTa da<br />

locviT. amitomac uwodes mas Sio mRvime<strong>li</strong>. sparselebis<br />

erT-erTi Semosevis dros, Sah-abasis mxedrebma wmida Sios<br />

Zvlebi iranSi waiRes. im wels sparseTSi Wiri gaCnda<br />

da uamravi adamiani imsxverpla. SeSinebulma sparselebma<br />

wmida Zvlebi ukanve daabrunes monasterSi.<br />

wmida abibos nekrese<strong>li</strong> nekresis episkoposad akurTxes.<br />

igi dauRalavad dadioda Tavis eparqiis soflebsa da<br />

dabebSi. WeSmaritebas uqadagebda qarTvelebs da simtkicisaken<br />

mouwodebda. erTxel man dainaxa, rogor aiZulebdnen<br />

sparselebi qarTvelebs cecx<strong>li</strong>sTvis Tayvani ecaT. wmida mamam<br />

wya<strong>li</strong> daasxa cecxls da Caaqro. sparselebma igi Seipyres,<br />

sastikad scemes da sapyrobileSi Caagdes. qarTvelebma mas<br />

cixidan gaqceva SesTavazes, magram ar daTanxmda. wmida abibosi<br />

sparselebma qvebiT Caqoles. misi wmida nawilebi mcxe-<br />

Tis samTavros monasterSi, wmida trapezis qveS ganisvenebs.<br />

wmida anton mesvete martyofe<strong>li</strong> samoRvaweod kaxeTSi<br />

daemkvidra. igi dRedaRam loculobda macxovris xelTuqmne<strong>li</strong><br />

xatis win da saqarTvelos avedrebda ufals. masTan<br />

yovel saRamos modiodnen irmebi da TavianTi rZiT kvebavdnen.<br />

erT saRamos irmebi adre movidnen. ukan daWri<strong>li</strong> nukri<br />

mosdevdaT. antoni irmebis kvals gahyva da naxa, rom mTis<br />

Ziras, velze, viRac nadirobda. monadirem dainaxa beri,<br />

romelsac gulze macxovris xati ekida da irmebs Soris<br />

idga. monadire iyo sof<strong>li</strong>s mamasax<strong>li</strong>si. man beri saSiS kacad<br />

CaTvala da xe<strong>li</strong>s mosaWrelad mWedelTan waiyvana. mWedelma,<br />

rogorc ki gaxurebu<strong>li</strong> SanTi aRmarTa, xe<strong>li</strong> gauSeSda.<br />

gaognebul mWedels SiSisagan ena Cauvarda. wmida antonma<br />

jvari gadasaxa da gankurna. wmida mamis saxe<strong>li</strong> maxlobel<br />

soflebs moefina. masTan uamravma xalxma iwyo siaru<strong>li</strong>.<br />

mama antonma maTTvis monasteri aaSena, TviTon ki mTis<br />

mwvervalze sveti aago da 18 we<strong>li</strong>wadi maszed loculobda.<br />

amitom Searqves mas anton mesvete. Rirs mamas uf<strong>li</strong>sgan<br />

winaswar euwya xorcTagan gasv<strong>li</strong>s dRe. igi xatis win da-<br />

Coqi<strong>li</strong> aResrula. misi cxedari mowafeebma svetidan Camoasvenes<br />

da mis mier daarsebul monasterSi, RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s<br />

xatis win dakrZales.<br />

wmida ise wilkne<strong>li</strong> mama ioanes rCeviT wilknis episkoposad<br />

akurTxes. erTxel ioane zedaznelma gadawyvita mowafeebi<br />

saTnoebasa da su<strong>li</strong>erebaSi gamoecada, raTa xalxi<br />

<strong>qriste</strong>s rwmenaSi ganemtkicebina. wmida Siom gavarvarebu<strong>li</strong><br />

nakverCxa<strong>li</strong> xe<strong>li</strong>s gulze daido, zed sakmeve<strong>li</strong> daado da<br />

ise akmevda, rom xe<strong>li</strong> ar dawvia. mama ise mdinare qsnis napiras<br />

Cavida, jvari gadasaxa, Semdeg kverTxi Seaxo da uf<strong>li</strong>s<br />

saxe<strong>li</strong>T wyals ubrZana gahyoloda. mdinares wy<strong>li</strong>s erTi<br />

toti gamoeyo da wmida ises kverTxs Seudga. saiTac wmida ise<br />

midioda, wya<strong>li</strong>c iqiT mihyveboda, sanam wilknis eklesiamde<br />

ar miaRwia. am sawau<strong>li</strong>s mxilve<strong>li</strong> xalxi adidebda RmerTs,<br />

romelmac Tavis rCeulebze aseTi mad<strong>li</strong> gardamoav<strong>li</strong>na. gar-<br />

− 68 − − 69 −

---

dacvalebis win daloca mowafeebi, eziara uf<strong>li</strong>s wmida sisxlsa<br />

da xorcs da su<strong>li</strong> ufals Seavedra. wmida ise wilkne<strong>li</strong><br />

dakrZales wilknis RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s saxelobis taZarSi.<br />

wmida ioseb alaverde<strong>li</strong> kaxeTSi moRvaweobda, im adgilas,<br />

sadac dRes alaverdis taZaria. igi ganuSoreblad<br />

atarebda jvars, rome<strong>li</strong>c im jvris xisgan iyo gamoT<strong>li</strong><strong>li</strong>,<br />

romelzec <strong>ieso</strong> <strong>qriste</strong> awames. alaverdi udaburi, kacTagan<br />

miuva<strong>li</strong> da unayofo adgi<strong>li</strong> iyo. erTxel mama iosebi Sexvda<br />

erT didebul monadires. monadirem, rogorc ki ixila<br />

wmida mama, mixvda rom mis win RmerTSemosi<strong>li</strong> kaci idga.<br />

cxenidan Camoxta, Tayvani sca da iq yofnis mizezi hkiTxa.<br />

monadire mama iosebs alaverdis udabnoSi taZris agebas<br />

dahpirda. misi Rvaw<strong>li</strong>T am mxareSi aRmoifxvra urwmunoeba.<br />

rodesac wmindanma aRsasru<strong>li</strong>s moaxloeba igrZno, mowafeebi<br />

akurTxa, winamZRvari daudgina, eziara <strong>qriste</strong>s wmida<br />

sisxlsa da xorcs da mSvidad miicvala. igi dakrZalu<strong>li</strong>a<br />

mis mier daarsebul alaverdis taZarSi. mis saflavze mrava<strong>li</strong><br />

saswau<strong>li</strong> aResruleba.<br />

wmida isidore samTavne<strong>li</strong> moRvaweobda qarTlSi. misi<br />

daarsebu<strong>li</strong>a samTavisis monasteri, rome<strong>li</strong>c macxovris xelTuqmne<strong>li</strong><br />

xatis saxelobisaa. mama isidore mowafeebma mis<br />

mier daarsebul monasterSi dakrZales.<br />

wmida Tadeoz stefanwminde<strong>li</strong> Tavdapirvelad mcxeTaSi<br />

moRvaweobda. man qarTlSi mrava<strong>li</strong> eklesia aago. maT Soris<br />

wmida pirvelmowame stefanes saxelobis taZari urbnisSi.<br />

Semdeg igi wlevis mTis mRvimeSi (kaspTan) daeyuda da iqvea<br />

dakrZalu<strong>li</strong>.<br />

wmida stefan xirse<strong>li</strong> moRvaweobda kaxeTSi. dakrZalu<strong>li</strong>a<br />

wmida stefane pirvelmowamis saxelobis taZarSi.<br />

wmida zenon iyalToe<strong>li</strong> qadagebda kaxeTis mTianeT-<br />

Si. iyalToSi monasteri daaarsa. didi moRvaweobis Semdeg<br />

locviT Sehvedra su<strong>li</strong> ufals. dakrZalu<strong>li</strong>a mis mier<br />

daarsebul monasterSi.<br />

wmida piros breTe<strong>li</strong> jvariswy<strong>li</strong>s marcxena sanapiroze<br />

breTaSi monasteri daaarsa. misi wminda nawilebi am monasterSi<br />

ganisvenebs.<br />

wmida miqael ulumboe<strong>li</strong> qadagebda zemo qarTlSi.<br />

ulumbos axlos didi savane daaarsa, romelSic 500 beri<br />

moRvaweobda. aqve ganisvenebs misi saswaulmoqmedi wmida<br />

nawilebi (11. w.I, gv.357-362).<br />

wmida ioane zedazne<strong>li</strong>sa da misi 12 mowafis mier ganmtkicebul<br />

marTlmadidebul sarwmuneobas VII saukunis dasawyisSi<br />

kvlav safrTxe daemuqra. sparseTis mefe xosro II-m,<br />

613-614 wlebSi, moiwvia e. w. `sparsu<strong>li</strong> kreba~, romelsac<br />

somexTa kaTa<strong>li</strong>kosi smbatT bagratuni Tavmjdomareobda. am<br />

krebam gamosca umkacresi brZaneba, rom<strong>li</strong>s mixedviTac imperiaSi<br />

mcxovreb yvela qristian ers unda mieRo somxuri<br />

sarwmunoeba, e.i. monofizitoba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, gadasaxlebiT<br />

emuqreboda. am dros saqarTvelos kaTo<strong>li</strong>kosi<br />

kirion I iyo. misi moRvaweobis dros saqarTvelo orad iyo<br />

gayofi<strong>li</strong>. aRmosavleT saqarTvelo sparseTs epyra, dasavle-<br />

Tis miwebi ki bizantias hqonda mitacebu<strong>li</strong>. amitom, kirionis<br />

mrev<strong>li</strong>s erTi nawi<strong>li</strong> bizantielTa xelSi iyo, meore ki<br />

- sparselebis (5. t.I, gv.433). kirion kaTo<strong>li</strong>kosi, miuxedavad<br />

warmoudgene<strong>li</strong> sirTuleebisa, krebas arc ki daswrebia,<br />

rac misi mxridan gmirobis tolfasi iyo. man somexTa ka-<br />

To<strong>li</strong>koss SeuTvala, rom qarTvelebma, ise rogorc somxebma,<br />

sarwmuneoba ierusa<strong>li</strong>midan miiRes, rome<strong>li</strong>c ucvlelad<br />

aqvT dacu<strong>li</strong> qarTvelebs, maSin rodesac somxebma uRalates<br />

somexTa ganmanaTlebels, wmida grigols, da WeSmarit mar-<br />

− 70 − − 71 −

---

Tmadideblur sarwmunoebas gadauxvies. kirion I-is Sorsm-<br />

Wvretelobam da brwyinvale diplomatiam qarTu<strong>li</strong> eklesia<br />

gasomxebisagan ixsna (5. t.I, gv.412-418). sparseTi monofizitur<br />

somxur eklesias mTel imperiaSi upiratesobas ani-<br />

Webda (5. t.I, gv.420). amiT waqezebulma somxebma midgnen da<br />

<strong>Cveni</strong> wignebi Tavis Wkuaze aswores. ~qarT<strong>li</strong>s cxovrebis~<br />

<strong>Cveni</strong> gmirebi laCrebad gamoiyvanes, TavianTi - devgmirebad.<br />

somxebis mier wabilwu<strong>li</strong> qarTu<strong>li</strong> wignebis xelaxa<strong>li</strong><br />

Sesworeba mxolod IX-X saukuneebSi, <strong>Cveni</strong> wmida mamebis,<br />

eqvTime da giorgi mTawmindelebis mier moxerxda.<br />

me-7 saukunis I naxevarSi herakle keisris dapyrobiTma<br />

omebma saqarTvelo Za<strong>li</strong>an daasusta, ramac arabebs gauadvila<br />

saqarTvelos damorCileba. rodesac murvan-yru saqarTveloSi<br />

SemoiWra, qarTlSi arCi<strong>li</strong>s ufrosi Zma miri mefobda.<br />

erT Rames arCil mefes RvTismSobe<strong>li</strong> gamoecxada da<br />

brZolaSi gamarjveba uwinaswarmetyvela. miri da arCi<strong>li</strong><br />

mcire laSqriT mtris banaks Tavs daesxnen. Setakeba qarTvelTa<br />

gamarjvebiT damTavrda. gaqceul urjuloebs RmerTma<br />

sastiki qari da wvima mouv<strong>li</strong>na. mdinareebi adidda da arabTa<br />

laSqari wyalSi CaixrCo. mefe miri omSi daiRupa. ar-<br />

Cil mefe qarTlSi gadavida da arabebis mier VII saukuneSi<br />

aoxrebu<strong>li</strong> am ulamazesi kuTxis aRdgena daiwyo. SemoierTa<br />

kaxeTi, mTianeTi, egrisi, afxazeTi da samcxe-javaxeTi. arabebis<br />

batonoba, faqtiurad, Tbi<strong>li</strong>ssa da mcxeTis Semogarens<br />

ver scildeboda. murvan-yrusgan darbeu<strong>li</strong> qveyana jer kidev<br />

gons ar iyo mosu<strong>li</strong>, rom arabTa laSqarma WiWum-asinis me-<br />

TaurobiT kvlav aaoxra qarT<strong>li</strong> da gezi kaxeTisaken aiRo.<br />

winaaRmdegobis gawevas azri ar hqonda da arCil mefem<br />

gadawyvita mSvidobis saTxovnelad WiWum-asims xleboda.<br />

mefem icoda, rom mas sikvdi<strong>li</strong> ar ascdeboda, magram man<br />

Tavisi sikvdi<strong>li</strong>T saqarTvelo kidev erTi aoxrebisagan ixsna.<br />

mefes mahmadianobis miReba mosTxoves. man <strong>qriste</strong>sTvis<br />

sikvdi<strong>li</strong> amjobina. RamiT qarTvelebma farulad wamoasvenes<br />

wminda arCil mefis cxedari da notkoraSi mis mier agebul<br />

taZarSi dakrZales. es moxda 744 wels. aseve daiRupnen<br />

wminda mowameni argveTis mTavarni daviTi da konstantine<br />

cru- mociqu<strong>li</strong> muhamedis diswul, murvan-yrusTan uTanaswaro<br />

brZolaSi. maT <strong>qriste</strong>s uaryofas sikvdi<strong>li</strong> amjobines.<br />

mowameTa wmida nawilebi wyalwiTelas napirze mdebare<br />

murvan-yrus mier dangreul taZarSi dakrZales. am adgilas<br />

bagrat mefis (1072-1117) brZanebiT monasteri aSenda. sadac<br />

wmindanTa uxrwne<strong>li</strong> nawilebi daasvenes.<br />

sayovelTao SiSis dros, roca monofiziti berebi<br />

arabebs, viTarca uf<strong>li</strong>s nebis aRmsrubleblebs imediT Sehyurebdnen,<br />

qarTu<strong>li</strong> eklesia da misi ber monazvnoba qarTvel<br />

ers sityviT da saqmiT mahmadianebTan brZo<strong>li</strong>s saocar<br />

maga<strong>li</strong>Tebs aZlevdnen (5. t.II, gv.116).<br />

VIII-X saukuneebSi, roca arabTa batonobis gamo qarTl-<br />

Si cxovreba Camkvdari iyo, rwmena Seryeu<strong>li</strong>, erovnu<strong>li</strong><br />

<strong>TviTSegne</strong>ba-daqveiTebu<strong>li</strong>, arabTa Semosevebisagan da qoleris<br />

epidemiisagan gaukacrielebul tao-klarjeTSi qarT<strong>li</strong>dan<br />

Camodis arabebis mier devni<strong>li</strong> mefe aSot kurapalati. man<br />

wminda mefe vaxtang gorgas<strong>li</strong>s mier aSenebu<strong>li</strong> artanuji<br />

sataxto qalaqad gamoacxada da tao-klarjeTidan daiwyo<br />

mTe<strong>li</strong> saqarTvelos gaerTianeba. igi iyo qarTvelTa pirve<strong>li</strong><br />

bagrationi mefe. bagrationTa dinastia erT-erTi uZvelesi<br />

dinastiaa mTel msof<strong>li</strong>oSi. saistorio wyaroebis Seswav<strong>li</strong>s<br />

Sedegad irkveva, rom bagrationebi bib<strong>li</strong>uri mefis daviT<br />

winaswarmetyve<strong>li</strong>s (israe<strong>li</strong>s mefe) pirdapiri STamomavalni<br />

arian. kerZod, solomon mefisa, rome<strong>li</strong>c daviT mefes hyavda<br />

− 72 − − 73 −

---

xeTe<strong>li</strong> urias co<strong>li</strong> bersabia xeTe<strong>li</strong>sagan (13. gv.9).<br />

yovladwmida RvTismSobe<strong>li</strong> daviT mefis STamomava<strong>li</strong><br />

iyo, amitom bagrationebi RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>sa da, Sesabamisad,<br />

<strong>qriste</strong>s xorciel naTesavadac miiCnevian, rac didad saamayoa<br />

qarTvelTaTvis, radgan ufalma arcerTi qristianu<strong>li</strong><br />

dinastia ar gaxada Rirsi RvTaebrivi warmomavlobisa.<br />

opizis cnobil bare<strong>li</strong>efze gamosaxulni arian: centrSi<br />

<strong>qriste</strong>, marcxniv - aSot kurapalati (bagrationi), marjvniv<br />

ki daviT mefe winaswarmetyve<strong>li</strong>. aSot mefe aq warmodgeni<strong>li</strong>a,<br />

rogorc STamomava<strong>li</strong> bib<strong>li</strong>uri daviT mefisa da naTesavi<br />

<strong>qriste</strong>si. sumbat bagrationis nawarmoebis ,,cxovrebai da<br />

uwyebai bagratonianTa~-s mixedviT, solomoni Svid ZesTan<br />

erTad movida kavkasiaSi. igi iyo wmida mefe daviT winaswarmetyve<strong>li</strong>s<br />

Camomav<strong>li</strong>s, marTa<strong>li</strong> iosebis (iosebi iyo<br />

yovladwmida RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s damwindve<strong>li</strong>) Zmis, kleopas,<br />

STamomava<strong>li</strong>. ,,moqcevai qarT<strong>li</strong>sai~-is mixedviT, solomonis<br />

Zeebidan erT-erTi, guarami, xdeba qarT<strong>li</strong>s erismTavari<br />

(575-590). sumbat bagrationis mixedviT (Xs) solomonis<br />

Zeebi arian qaldeve<strong>li</strong> abraamis 70-e STamomavlebi, wmida<br />

mefe daviT aRmaSenebe<strong>li</strong> ki, rogorc ,,cxovrebai mefeT-mefisa<br />

daviTisa~ mogviTxrobs, 78-e STamomava<strong>li</strong>.<br />

guaram bagrationi (kurapalati) dedis mxridan iyo<br />

farnavazian-xosroiani, mamis mxridan ki bagrationi. guaram<br />

bagrationis Ze, stefanoz I, iyo maSenebe<strong>li</strong> mcxeTis jvris<br />

didebu<strong>li</strong> taZrisa. qristiani imperatori herakle keisari<br />

(VIIs) SemoiWra saqarTveloSi, mokla stefanoz I, riTac<br />

daamxo bagrationebis dinastia da xosroianebi gaamefa.<br />

VIII saukuneSi arabTa batonobis Semdeg qarT<strong>li</strong>s erisTavi<br />

iyo nerse bagrationi, xolo VIII saukunis bolos ki aSot<br />

didi (kurapalati) bagrationi. wmida grigol xanZTe<strong>li</strong><br />

aSot bagrations uwodebs `daviT winaswarmetyve<strong>li</strong>sa da<br />

uf<strong>li</strong>sa mier cxebu<strong>li</strong>sa Svilad wodebul xelmwifes~, rom<strong>li</strong>s<br />

mefoba TviT ufalma daadgina da locavs Semdegi sityvebiT:<br />

,,ara moakldes mTavroba SvilTa SenTa da naTesavTa<br />

maTTa qveyanaTa amaT ukunisamde... `bagrationTa dinastiam<br />

Secvala xosroian-farnavazian-gorgas<strong>li</strong>anTa dinastia. jer<br />

herakle keisaris Semosevam da Semdeg arabobam bolo mouRo<br />

qarT<strong>li</strong>s samefos, rome<strong>li</strong>c TiTqmis uwyvetad arsebobda farnavaz<br />

mefis Semdeg 1000 w<strong>li</strong>s ganmavlobaSi VIII saukunemde.<br />

826 w<strong>li</strong>s 29 ianvars arabebma aSot kurapalati eklesiaSi,<br />

sakurTxevelSi, mokles. mamis sikvdi<strong>li</strong>s Semdeg Svilebma taxtisaTvis<br />

ki ar daiwyes brZola, aramed ufrosma Zmam adarnasem<br />

da umcrosma Zmam guaramma maTze RirsebiT aRmatebu<strong>li</strong><br />

SuaTana Zma bagrati gaamefes da erTad gaagrZeles saxelovani<br />

mamis dawyebu<strong>li</strong> saqme, saqarTvelos gaerTianeba da arabTagan<br />

mitacebu<strong>li</strong> miwebis Semomtkiceba. maTi daxmarebiT<br />

aago grigol xanZTelma monasteri SatberdSi. sainteresoa,<br />

rogor uxsnis wminda saba iSxne<strong>li</strong> bagrat mefes eklesiis<br />

upiratesobasa da damoukideblobas saxelmwifosagan: `didebulo<br />

mefeo, Sen qveynis xelmwife xar, xolo <strong>qriste</strong> zecisa,<br />

qveynisa da qveskne<strong>li</strong>sa. Sen naTesavTa amaT mefe xar, xolo<br />

<strong>qriste</strong> yovelTa dabadebulTa, Sen warmavalTa amaT JamTa<br />

mefe xar, xolo <strong>qriste</strong> saukuno meufea~.<br />

Cvens ber-monazvnobas da samRvdeloebas ar aviwydeboda<br />

is didi su<strong>li</strong>eri misia, rasac maT deda eklesia avalebda.<br />

ai amitom, rodesac arabebma qarT<strong>li</strong> daipyres da Tbi<strong>li</strong>sis<br />

saamiro daaarses, saWiro Seiqmna centris qarT<strong>li</strong>dan<br />

saqarTvelos sxva mxareSi gadatana, raTa iqedan daewyoT<br />

saqarTvelos gaerTianebaze zrunva da imeddakargu<strong>li</strong> qarTvelobis<br />

<strong>qriste</strong>s rwmenaSi ganmtkiceba-gaZ<strong>li</strong>ereba. Tanac es<br />

− 74 − − 75 −

---

ise unda gakeTebu<strong>li</strong>yo, rom arabebi amas ver mimxvdariyvnen.<br />

am udidesi erovnu<strong>li</strong> misiis ganxorcieleba uf<strong>li</strong>dan<br />

grigol xanZTels daevala. tao-klarjeTi marTlac iqca<br />

meore qarTlad (54. gv.50). diadi misia, saqarTvelos gaer-<br />

Tianeba, rome<strong>li</strong>c tao-klarjeTidan daiwyo, sabolood daviT<br />

aRmaSenebelma daasrula.<br />

wmida grigol xanZTe<strong>li</strong>s wyalobiT tao-klarjeTi<br />

eklesia-monastrebiT gadaifara. yovel monasterSi iyo skola,<br />

sadac wera-kiTxvas aswav<strong>li</strong>dnen, saRvTo sjuls, filosofias,<br />

berZnuls da sxva enebs, galobas, ka<strong>li</strong>grafias,<br />

mxatvrobas, oqromWedlobas da sxvas. aqedan gamodiodnen<br />

mRvdlebi, mTargmnelebi da wignebis gadamwerni... varskvlavebiviT<br />

momravlebul ber-monazonTa locva sakmeve<strong>li</strong>viT<br />

adioda zecaSi. Cum senakebSi <strong>li</strong>teraturu<strong>li</strong> saqmianoba<br />

iyo gaCaRebu<strong>li</strong>. iwereboda da iTargmneboda saRvTo wignebi.<br />

am xanas Rirseulad ewoda <strong>Cveni</strong> mwerlobis erovnu<strong>li</strong><br />

xana. yove<strong>li</strong>ve am saqmianobis su<strong>li</strong>s Camdgme<strong>li</strong> iyo udabnos<br />

varskvlavad wodebu<strong>li</strong> wmida grigol xanZTe<strong>li</strong>. igi<br />

didgvarovanTa Svi<strong>li</strong> iyo, nerse erisTavis karze izrdeboda.<br />

is bavSvobidanve uf<strong>li</strong>saTvis iyo Sewiru<strong>li</strong>. grigolma<br />

brwyinvale ganaTleba miiRo. roca episkoposad kurTxeva<br />

daupires, amqveyniur didebas gaeqca da qarT<strong>li</strong>dan mesxeTSi<br />

Cavida. man Tan waiyvana Tavisi deidaSvi<strong>li</strong> saba _ iSxnis<br />

ganmaaxlebe<strong>li</strong>, Teodore _ neZvis maSenebe<strong>li</strong> da <strong>qriste</strong>fore<br />

_ kvirikeTis maSenebe<strong>li</strong>. maT moRvaweoba klarjeTSi,<br />

opizas wmida ioane naT<strong>li</strong>smcem<strong>li</strong>s monasterSi daiwyes,<br />

sadac 2 we<strong>li</strong> mama giorgisTan dahyves. grigo<strong>li</strong> klarje-<br />

Tis udabnoSi mcxovrebi gandegi<strong>li</strong> berebisgan swavlobda<br />

locvas, marxvas, simdables, siyvaruls, simSvides da mdumarebas.<br />

opizaSi orw<strong>li</strong>ani moRvaweobis Semdeg grigo<strong>li</strong><br />

meudabnoes, marTal da wminda bers, xuedioss ewvia. xuedioss<br />

adreve gamoucxada ufalma, rom grigo<strong>li</strong>s xe<strong>li</strong>T<br />

am adgilas monasteri aSendeboda. xanZTis maxloblad cxovrobda<br />

mdidari aznauri gabriel dafanCu<strong>li</strong>. misi daxmarebiT<br />

da grigo<strong>li</strong>s Za<strong>li</strong>sxmeviT, arabTa batonobisagan<br />

sisxldawretil da sasomixdil saqarTveloSi, klarje-<br />

Tis udabno sicocx<strong>li</strong>s momniWebel oazisad iqca. ufa<strong>li</strong><br />

mraval saswauls axdenda grigo<strong>li</strong>s xe<strong>li</strong>T. erT zamTars<br />

Zmebi tyeSi iyvnen gasu<strong>li</strong> SeSisTvis. uceb didi xe wamoiqca,<br />

Seiqna saSiSroeba moxucebul bers Tavze dascemoda.<br />

grigolma jvari gadasaxa da xes <strong>qriste</strong>s saxe<strong>li</strong>T ubrZana<br />

SeCerebu<strong>li</strong>yo. xe haerSi gamoekida manam, sanam berma ar gaiara.<br />

bevrjer unaxavT wmida grigo<strong>li</strong> xelapyrobiT locvad<br />

damdgari mzesaviT rogor brwyinavda da sinaT<strong>li</strong>s isrebi<br />

misi sxeu<strong>li</strong>dan jvris saxiT rogor gamodioda. Rirs mamas<br />

uf<strong>li</strong>sagan winaswar euwya misi xorcisagan gansv<strong>li</strong>s dRe.<br />

akurTxa mamebi, ukanasknelad daariga da locviT Sehvedra<br />

su<strong>li</strong> ufals. wmida grigol xanZTe<strong>li</strong> gardaicvala 102<br />

w<strong>li</strong>s asakSi, 861 w<strong>li</strong>s 5 oqtombers. dakrZales sakuTari<br />

anderZisamebr, xanZTis minasterSi (11. w.II, gv.295-299).<br />

978 wels mefe bagrat III bagrationis dros aRsdga<br />

erTiani saqarTvelos samefo. erTiani qarTu<strong>li</strong> eklesiis<br />

kaTo<strong>li</strong>kos-patriarqi ki xdeba bagrat mefis naTesavi da<br />

misi gazrdi<strong>li</strong> melqisedek I (5. t.II, gv.167-170).<br />

bizantiis samefo kari SeaSfoTa saqarTvelos didi<br />

saxelmwifos warmoqmnam. Bbagrat III-is gardacvalebis<br />

Semdeg, bizantiis imperiam saqarTvelos omi gamoucxada,<br />

rome<strong>li</strong>c 33 we<strong>li</strong> gagrZelda (1021-1054). erTxel, brZo<strong>li</strong>sas,<br />

bizantiis keisari basi<strong>li</strong> II mzad yofila RmerTi daegmo,<br />

Tu omSi qarTvelebi gaimarjvebdnen. maSin, rodesac<br />

− 76 − − 77 −

---

qarTvel mefeebs brZo<strong>li</strong>s wageba RvTis risxvad miaCndaT<br />

da ambobdnen, rom codvebis gamo damarcxdnen. mefe bagrat<br />

IV-m, rome<strong>li</strong>c maSin bavSvi iyo, berZnebs winaaRmdegoba<br />

ver gauwia. zogi aznauri mefes ganudga da cixeebi ber-<br />

Znebs gadasca. maSin mtrebis winaaRmdeg brZolas saTaveSi<br />

Caudgnen episkoposebi: zaza mtbevari da ezra anCe<strong>li</strong>. male<br />

mtris winaaRmdeg mebrZol episkoposebs qarTve<strong>li</strong> xalxic<br />

amoudga gverdSi. eklesiis aqtiurma poziciam am omSi bizantiis<br />

samefo karisa da konstantinepo<strong>li</strong>s sapatriarqos<br />

risxva gamoiwvia qarTu<strong>li</strong> eklesiis mimarT. daiwyo qarTu<strong>li</strong><br />

monastrebisa da qarTve<strong>li</strong> berebis devna-Seviwroeba bizantiis<br />

imperiaSi. arc iverTa monasters adga kargi dRe<br />

aTonis mTaze. XI saukunis 50-ian wlebSi bizantiis imperiam<br />

Secvala Tavisi damokidebuleba saqarTvelos mimarT.<br />

Tu XI saukunis dasawyisSi eomeboda da asustebda mas, 50ian<br />

wlebidan momxrea saqarTvelos gaZ<strong>li</strong>erebis. axla mas<br />

mezoblad sWirdeboda Z<strong>li</strong>eri, qristianu<strong>li</strong> saxelmwifo,<br />

rome<strong>li</strong>c imperias CrdiloeTisa da aRmosavleTis mxridan<br />

Turq-seljukebisagan daicavda. samw<strong>li</strong>ani molaparakeba<br />

(1054-1057) samSvidobo zaviT damTavrda. Sewyda qarTve<strong>li</strong><br />

berebis usamarTlo devna (5. t.II, gv.117-198).<br />

berZnu<strong>li</strong> samRvdeloeba yovelTvis cdilobda qarTu<strong>li</strong><br />

eklesiis Seviwroebas. erTxel svimonwmindelma berebma<br />

antioqiis patriarqs, Teodosis, moaxsenes, rom TiTqos<br />

saqarTveloSi mociqulebs ar uqadagiaT, mcirericxovani<br />

arian da Tqven unda gemorCilebodneno. patriarqma icoda,<br />

rom giorgi mTawminde<strong>li</strong> antioqiaSi qarTu<strong>li</strong> eklesiisa<br />

da mefis wargzavni<strong>li</strong> diplomati iyo. man igi TavisTan<br />

ixmo da ubrZana SeeTvala mefisaTvis, rom saqarTvelos<br />

eklesia antioqiis eklesiisaTvis daeqvemdebarebina. maSin<br />

giorgi mTawmindelma moiTxova wigni-“mimosvla andria<br />

mociqu<strong>li</strong>sa~ da moaxsena, rom patriarqi berZenma berebma<br />

SecdomaSi Seiyvanes. saqarTveloSi iqadaga ara erTma, aramed<br />

ramdenime mociqulma: andriam, mataTam, svimon kananelma,<br />

barTlomem, Tomam da Tadeozma. aqedan ori mociqu<strong>li</strong> svimoni<br />

da mataTa saqarTveloSi ganisvenebs. `Tqven ambobT,<br />

rom petre mociqu<strong>li</strong>s taxtze zixarT, Cven ki _ andria<br />

mociqu<strong>li</strong>sa. andria petres ufrosi Zmaa da amitom Cven ki<br />

ar unda gemorCilebodeT Tqven, piriqiT, keTi<strong>li</strong> inebeT da<br />

Tqven dagvemorCileT Cven, rogorc umcrosi Zma ufross.<br />

rac erTxel sarwmunoeba migviRia, misTvis aRarasodes gvi-<br />

Ralatia, arc marjvniv gagvixedavs da arc marcxniv. maSin,<br />

rodesac mTel bizantiis imperiaSi xatmebrZoloba mZvinvarebda<br />

da marTa<strong>li</strong> sarwmunoeba aRarsad moipoveboda (igu<strong>li</strong>sxmeba<br />

VIII-IX saukuneebi, rom<strong>li</strong>s drosac mTel imperiaSi<br />

xatebs anadgurebdnen, patriarqebic, episkoposebic da<br />

imperatorebic xatmebrZolebi iyvnen), saqarTveloSi msgavsi<br />

ram arasodes yofila. guTe<strong>li</strong> ioane mcxeTaSi ikurTxa<br />

episkoposad (guTebi-axlandel yirimSi cxovrobdnen da iqve<br />

iyo maT eparqia). antioqiis patriarqi mixvda, rom Rv-<br />

Tis mad<strong>li</strong> sufevda berTan. berZen berebs gaocebiT Sexeda<br />

da uTxra `xom xedavT ramdeni varT, erTi ki gvamarcxebs,<br />

imitom, rom WeSmariteba mis mxares aris~ (5. t.II, gv.207-<br />

211). patriarqma Teodosim dasaja berZeni berebi, giorgi<br />

mTawminde<strong>li</strong> ki im dRidan gverdidan ar moucilebia. ase ixsna<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefa<strong>li</strong>a (damoukidebloba)<br />

giorgi mTawmindelma realuri safrTxisagan.<br />

erTxel, bizantiis imperatorma dukam giorgi mTawmindels<br />

hkiTxa, Tu rome<strong>li</strong> sarwmunoeba iyo WeSmaritad marTlmadidebluri:<br />

berZnu<strong>li</strong>, romau<strong>li</strong>, qarTu<strong>li</strong> Tu somxuri.<br />

− 78 − − 79 −

---

giorgi mTawminde<strong>li</strong> zedmiwevniT kargad icnobda ra msof<strong>li</strong>o<br />

qristianobis yvela mimarTulebas, mefes ar daumala<br />

simarTle da ganucxada, rom msof<strong>li</strong>o eklesiaTa Soris<br />

qarTu<strong>li</strong> eklesia iyo yvelaze marTlmadidebluri, radganac<br />

man ubiwod daicva mociqulTa swavleba, arasodes SeubRalavs<br />

winaT da icavs amJamadac. berZnu<strong>li</strong> eklesia exla kia mar-<br />

Tlmadidebluri, magram winaT masSi mrava<strong>li</strong> mwvalebloba<br />

arsebobda. romis eklesiaSi winaT arasodes mwvalebloba<br />

ar yofila, magram axla nak<strong>li</strong> aqvs. imperators gaukvirda,<br />

roca gaigo, rom qarTul eklesiaSi arasodes mwvalebloba<br />

ar yofila. radganac man Za<strong>li</strong>an kargad icoda, rom saberZneTSi<br />

aramarto mefeebi, patriarqebic da episkoposebic<br />

xSirad mwvaleblobisken ixrebodnen. Semdeg imperatori<br />

SeekiTxa somxuri sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb, razedac giorgi<br />

mTawmindelma upasuxa: `borot sarwmunoebas, dae, saxe<strong>li</strong>c<br />

nu eqneba~. im dros iq myofi somexTa mefe da didebulebi<br />

sircxvi<strong>li</strong>T aRivsnen (5. t.I, gv.16-17; 42. gv.57).<br />

wminda giorgi mTawminde<strong>li</strong> warmoSobiT samcxedan iyo.<br />

daibada 1009 wels, TrialeTSi, RvTismoSiSi qristianebis<br />

iakobisa da mariamis ojaxSi. giorgi bavSvobidanve RvTisTvis<br />

iyo Sewiru<strong>li</strong>. igi 7 w<strong>li</strong>s asakSi taZrisis, samcxis<br />

dedaTa monasterSi miiyvanes, sadac man 3 we<strong>li</strong>wadi dahyo.<br />

10 w<strong>li</strong>s giorgi mamam xaxu<strong>li</strong>s monasterSi (tao-klarjeTi)<br />

aRsazrdelad iq moRvawe Tavis or Zmas Caabara. man, mogvianebiT,<br />

konstantinepolSi miiRo brwyinvale ganaTleba,<br />

sadac zedmiwevniT kargad Seiswavla berZnu<strong>li</strong> ena. 1036<br />

wels giorgi siriaSi miemgzavreba, Sav mTaze, kldis erTerT<br />

napralSi qarTve<strong>li</strong> beri giorgi dayudebu<strong>li</strong> gaicno<br />

da mas daemowafa. man gorgi mTawmindels aTonis mTaze,<br />

iverTa monasterSi wasvla da eqvTime mTawminde<strong>li</strong>s saqmis<br />

gagrZeleba daavala, radganac saqarTvelo saRvTo wignebis<br />

naklebobas ganicdida. giorgi mTawminde<strong>li</strong> Targmnida ber-<br />

Znu<strong>li</strong>dan qarTulad da piriqiT. man uamravi wigni Targmna.<br />

fsalmunebi da axa<strong>li</strong> aRTqma giorgi mTawminde<strong>li</strong>s naTargmnia.<br />

bagrat mefis mowveviT 5 we<strong>li</strong> dahyo samSobloSi,<br />

Tavi mouyara 80 obol bavSvs da aTonis mTaze waiyvana<br />

aRsazrdelad. konstantinepolSi Casulma winaswar igrZno<br />

aRsasru<strong>li</strong>s moaxloeba. giorgi mTawmindelma oblebis<br />

bedi imperators Seavedra. igi meore dRes, petre-pavlobis<br />

dResaswaulze gardaicvala. dakrZalu<strong>li</strong>a aTonis mTaze,<br />

iverTa monasterSi (42. gv.39).<br />

qarTu<strong>li</strong> eklesia yovelTvis iyo saqarTvelos gamaer-<br />

Tianebe<strong>li</strong> da gadamrCeni. Tbi<strong>li</strong>si TiTqmis oTxi saukunis<br />

ganmavlobaSi arabTa xelSi iyo. miuxedavad amisa, mosaxleobis<br />

umravlesobas qristiani qarTvelebi Seadgenden. es<br />

imitom, rom qarTvelebs hyavdaT Z<strong>li</strong>eri patroni – mdidari<br />

da gavleniani qarTu<strong>li</strong> eklesia. 1045 wels Tbi<strong>li</strong>sis<br />

mmarTveloba xelSi aiRes Tbi<strong>li</strong>selma berebma. maT musulmani<br />

dampyroblebi sastikad daumarcxebiaT da maTTvis sasaxlec<br />

ki waurTmeviaT. cnobi<strong>li</strong>a, rom Tbi<strong>li</strong>selma berebma<br />

mefe bagrat IV-s orjer (1045 da 1085 wlebSi) gadasces<br />

Tbi<strong>li</strong>si (5. t.III, gv.55).<br />

daviT mefis dros saqarTvelo imitom iyo diadi da<br />

Z<strong>li</strong>eri, rom daviTi iyo RmerTTan da RmerTi iyo daviT-<br />

Tan. mefe daviTi mudam berebis wreSi trialebda, qveyanas<br />

4 beris xe<strong>li</strong>T marTavda. eseni iyvnen: sru<strong>li</strong>ad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTo<strong>li</strong>kos-patriarqi ioane, afxazeTis kaTo<strong>li</strong>kosi<br />

evstaTi, misi aRmzrde<strong>li</strong> giorgi Wyondidel - mwignobar-<br />

Tuxucesi da arsen iyalToe<strong>li</strong> - moZRvarTa moZRvari (5.<br />

t.III, gv.29). giorgi Wyondide<strong>li</strong> (Wyoni megrulad `muxas~<br />

− 80 − − 81 −

---

niSnavs) mefis mere pirve<strong>li</strong> piri iyo saqarTveloSi. mas<br />

mefis `mamas~ uwodebdnen. igi mefesTan erTad wyvetda omis<br />

dawyeba- ardawyebis sakiTxs. Tu saWiroeba moiTxovda, Tvi-<br />

Tonac ibrZoda. samefo jari Wyondidels emorCileboda.<br />

TiTqmis yvela did eklesiasa da monasters sakuTari kargad<br />

gawvrTni<strong>li</strong> jari hyavda. mefes saqarTvelos mtrebis winaaRmdeg<br />

jariTac exmarebodnen da fu<strong>li</strong>Tac. 1121 w<strong>li</strong>s 12<br />

agvistos, didgoris omSi, rome<strong>li</strong>c qarTvelTa gamarjvebiT<br />

damTavrda, miuxedavad zRvis qviSasaviT uricxvi mtrisa,<br />

wmida mowame giorgi cxadad da yvelas saxilvelad win miuZRoda<br />

qarTvelTa laSqars. TviT usjuloebi mogviTxrobdnen,<br />

Tu rogor mosra wminda giorgim arabeTis saxelovani<br />

mebrZolebi. daviT mefem brZolaSi uvneblad daicva Tavisi<br />

jari, rameTu RvTis xe<strong>li</strong> Seeweoda da zegardamo Zala<br />

faravda mas (5. t.III, gv.16). daviT aRmaSeneb<strong>li</strong>s spilen-<br />

Zis monetaze arabulad iyo amokveTi<strong>li</strong> `mesiis maxvi<strong>li</strong>~.<br />

Mmefe _ bagrtioni qarTve<strong>li</strong> da sxva qristiani xalxebisaTvis<br />

mesiis maxvi<strong>li</strong> xdeba mahmadianTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi<br />

da es im dros, roca bizantia Turq-selCukTa gamo<br />

TandaTan ukan ixevs, xolo saqarTvelo mwvave brZolebis<br />

Sedegad amierkavkasias maTgan aTavisuflebs. aRmosavleTis<br />

qristianul samyaroSi bagrationTa samefo taxti qristianTa<br />

mcve<strong>li</strong> da qomagia, amitomac daviT aRmaSenebe<strong>li</strong><br />

mis jvarze dacu<strong>li</strong> titu<strong>li</strong>T aris ~mze qristianobisa~.<br />

Mmus<strong>li</strong>muri samyaroc ver faravs: saqarTvelo ~birTvia<br />

jvris re<strong>li</strong>giisa~ ( 24. w.I, gv.198 ). RvTismadidebel mefes<br />

TviT ufa<strong>li</strong> Seeweoda. erTxel, qarTlSi, erTi cixis aRebisas,<br />

mefe karvis karTan perangis amara idga. viRacam cixidan<br />

mas isari esrola. isari patara oqros xats moxvda,<br />

rome<strong>li</strong>c mefes yelze ekida. mefe saswaulebrivad gadarCa.<br />

es iyo mTavarangelozi miqae<strong>li</strong>s xati (5. t.III, gv.24).<br />

Tavisufal dros daviT mefes wmida weri<strong>li</strong>s kiTxva uyvarda.<br />

misi cxovrebis aRmweri mogviTxrobs: `daviT mefe<br />

samociqulos kiTxvas roca daamTavrebda, wignis bolos<br />

niSans svamda. w<strong>li</strong>s bolos ki aRmoCnda, rom samociqulo<br />

ocdaoTxjer waekiTxa~. mis kalams ekuTvnis `galobani sinanu<strong>li</strong>sani~,<br />

rome<strong>li</strong>c Tavisi Rrma su<strong>li</strong>erebiT utoldeba eklesiis<br />

udidesi himnografebis nawarmoebebs (11. w.I, gv.100).<br />

Tamari iyo RmerTTan da RmerTi iyo TamarTan. basianis<br />

omi qarTvelebs mTavarangelozma miqaelma moagebina.<br />

sulTani ruqnadini 400 000 meomriT saqarTvelosken gamoemarTa.<br />

Tamarma varZiis RvTismSobels Seavedra qarTvelTa<br />

jari, fexSiSve<strong>li</strong> waruZRva win, qalaqis karamde miacila<br />

da daloca isini. maT basianTan mteri sastikad daamarcxes.<br />

Tamar dedofals erTi tyvedCavardni<strong>li</strong> Turqi mxedarTmTavari<br />

mihgvares. uceb tyves gu<strong>li</strong> wauvida. roca moasu<strong>li</strong>eres<br />

da gu<strong>li</strong>s wasv<strong>li</strong>s mizezi hkiTxes, SeSinebulma Tamaris Tavis<br />

zemoT dakidebul xatze mianiSna. `vin aris igi? ai,<br />

aman SegvaSina. igi win miuZRoda Tqvens laSqars~. xatze<br />

gamosaxu<strong>li</strong> iyo mTavarangelozi miqae<strong>li</strong> (55. gv.19).<br />

saukuneebis manZilze berZnebi, romaelebi, monRolebi,<br />

arabebi, osmal-Turqebi, sparselebi, somxebi, rusebi, rju<strong>li</strong>ani<br />

Tu urjulo ,,ekueTnes saxlsa amas da ara daeca,<br />

rameTu dafuZnebul iyo kldesa zeda~ (maTe 7:25).<br />

,,amas kldesa zeda aRvaSeno eklesiai Cemi da bWeni jojoxeTisani<br />

ver ereodian mas~ (maTe 16:18). msof<strong>li</strong>os yvela<br />

qveyanas, erTad aRebuls, ar hyavs imdeni mowame, ramdenic<br />

marto erT dRes, Tbi<strong>li</strong>sSi, jalaledinis dros ewamnen.<br />

− 82 − − 83 −

---

Tbi<strong>li</strong>sSi xvarazmelTagan wamebu<strong>li</strong> 100 000 mowame (1227)<br />

1225 wels, rusudanis mefobis dros, saqarTvelos xvarazmis<br />

sulTani, jalaledini, Semoesia. qarTvelTa laSqris sardalma ivane<br />

aTabagma uRalata saqarTvelos, Salva da ivane axalcixelebs jari<br />

ar miaSvela. qarTvelebi ganZasTan gamarTul omSi damarcxdnen.<br />

ivane mokles, Salva ki tyved Caigdes da erTi w<strong>li</strong>s mere wamebiT<br />

amoxades su<strong>li</strong>. saqarTvelos kaTo<strong>li</strong>kos-patriarqi ioane samefo<br />

karze monofiziti Zmebis ioane da zaqaria mxargZelebis dawinaurebis<br />

winaaRmdegi iyo. patriarqis SiSi gamarTlda. aTabagebma<br />

saqarTvelosTvis Wyondideloba ver SeZles (5. t.III, gv.95). giorgi<br />

Wyondide<strong>li</strong>s dros (daviT aRmaSeneb<strong>li</strong>s epoqa) saqarTvelo gaizarda<br />

da kavkasiaSi zesaxelmwifod iqca. maSin rodesac aTabagebis<br />

dros (rusudanis mefobis xana) saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifo<br />

damarcxda da daiSala (5. t.III, gv.82). gamoxda xani. jalaledini<br />

Tbi<strong>li</strong>sisaken daiZra. qarTvelebma mteri sastikad daamarcxes, magram<br />

RamiT Tbi<strong>li</strong>selma sparselebma qalaqis kari gaaRes da mteri<br />

SemouSves. es iyo qarT<strong>li</strong>s cxovrebis erT-erTi usaSinlesi, sisx<strong>li</strong>ani<br />

dRe. jalaledinma sionis taZris gumbaTi moarRvevina. mis<br />

adgilas Tavisi ~bilwi sajdome<strong>li</strong>s~ dadgma brZana. Semdgom borotebam<br />

yovelgvar zRvars gadaabija. misi brZanebiT sionis taZridan<br />

macxovrisa da RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xatebi gamoitanes da mtkvarze<br />

gadebul xidze daasvenes. Tbi<strong>li</strong>selebs patiosani xatebis fexiT<br />

gaTelva da qristianobis uaryofa ubrZanes. vinc winaaRmdegobas<br />

gauwevda, Tavebs aWridnen da mtkvarSi isrodnen. im dRes mtkvari<br />

wiTlad SeiReba. mdinare gvamebiT aivso. 100 000 qarTve<strong>li</strong> Seewira<br />

<strong>qriste</strong>s rjuls. am dRidan 100 000 zeciuri mfarve<strong>li</strong> Seemata Cvens<br />

samSoblos. saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia maT 13 noembers<br />

moixseniebs (11. w.II, gv.371).<br />

monRolebma Cingiz xanis meTaurobiT daimorCiles<br />

msof<strong>li</strong>os mniSvnelovani nawi<strong>li</strong> aziasa da evropaSi. aseTma<br />

uZ<strong>li</strong>eresma saxelmwifom ver SeZlo saqarTvelos sru<strong>li</strong>ad<br />

dapyroba, ufro metic, ver SeZlo qarTu<strong>li</strong> saxelmwifos<br />

gauqmebac ki (5. t.III, gv.110).<br />

1272 wels, taxtze ulu-daviTis vaJi demetre II avida,<br />

rome<strong>li</strong>c istoriaSi demetre Tavdadebu<strong>li</strong>s saxe<strong>li</strong>T Sevida.<br />

mefe garegnulad TiTqos monRolebs emorCileboda,<br />

monawileobas Rebulobda monRolTa laSqrobebSi, saqarTveloSi<br />

ki eklesiebs aSenebda. RamRamobiT quCaSi gamodioda<br />

da Rarib-Ratakebs sakuTari xe<strong>li</strong>T mowyalebas urigebda.<br />

abaRa yaenis gardacvalebis Semdeg demetre mefes SeTqmulebaSi<br />

monawileoba daabrales, risTvisac yaenis karze daibares.<br />

man moiwvia kaTo<strong>li</strong>kosi, episkoposni, didebulebi<br />

da ganacxada: `yaeni ganrisxebu<strong>li</strong>a, mixmobs, Tu mTiuleTSi<br />

waval, Tavs gadavirCen, magram vai, rom mTe<strong>li</strong> <strong>Cveni</strong> saxelmwifo<br />

maT xelSi Cavardeba, ramdeni su<strong>li</strong> qristiani gawydeba,<br />

eklesiebi waibilweba da mooxrdeba, xolo Tu yaenTan<br />

waval, momklavs. axla sibrZniT ganixileT es saqme. me ase<br />

vfiqrob. warmava<strong>li</strong>a es wuTisofe<strong>li</strong>. <strong>Cveni</strong> dReebi aCrdilebiviT<br />

Caiv<strong>li</strong>s, Cvenc swrafad gavalT am wuTisof<strong>li</strong>dan,<br />

ra sargeblobis momtani iqneba Cemi cxovreba, Tu Cemi gu<strong>li</strong>sTvis<br />

mrava<strong>li</strong> adamiani mokvdeba, da codvebiT damZimebu<strong>li</strong><br />

gaval am sof<strong>li</strong>dan. mnebavs wavide yaenTan, iyos neba<br />

RvTisa, Tu momklaven, vfiqrob, qveyana gadarCeba~. darbazi<br />

gakvirvebu<strong>li</strong> misCereboda sicocx<strong>li</strong>T savse, Sesaxedavad warmosadeg<br />

mefes, rome<strong>li</strong>c eris gadasarCenad aSkara sikvdilze<br />

midioda. yvelam erTbaSad sTxova mefes, Seefarebina Tavi<br />

mTiuleTisaTvis, magram mefem mSvidad miugo: `mebraleba<br />

ubralo xalxi. isini cxvrebiviT uRono arian sikvdi<strong>li</strong>s<br />

winaSe. arsaidan e<strong>li</strong>an nugeSiscemas. ar daviS<strong>li</strong> urdoSi<br />

− 84 − − 85 −

---

wasvlas, davdeb suls Cemi erisTvis.~ maSin yvelani wamodgnen<br />

gakvirvebulni. abram kaTa<strong>li</strong>kosma uTxra: `Tu Sen<br />

suls dadeb Seni erisTvis, Cven, episkoposebi Sens codvebs<br />

vitvirTavT, magram RvTis winaSe vambobT, rom mowameTa Soris<br />

iqnebi Seracxu<strong>li</strong>, rogorc ufa<strong>li</strong> saxarebaSi brZanebs:<br />

`amaze ufro meti siyvaru<strong>li</strong> ar arsebobs, raTa kacma dados<br />

su<strong>li</strong> Tavisi moyvasisaTvis. Tu erTi moyvasisTvis su<strong>li</strong>s<br />

dadeba sikeTea, raoden ufro sasargebloa mrava<strong>li</strong> su<strong>li</strong>s<br />

sicocxle~.<br />

urdoSi Casu<strong>li</strong> mefe daapatimres. 1289 w<strong>li</strong>s 12 marts,<br />

sikvdi<strong>li</strong>s win mefem iloca, wminda ziareba miiRo da su<strong>li</strong><br />

ufals Seavedra. moulodnelad RvTivmovlenilma saswaulma<br />

SeZra yove<strong>li</strong> – mze dabnelda. di<strong>li</strong>s 10 saaTidan saRamomde<br />

sibnele Camowva (5. t.III, gv.116-118). am saswaulma Sea-<br />

Sina warmarTebi. kaTo<strong>li</strong>kosma da mose mRvdelma farulad<br />

gamoixsnes cxedari da Tbi<strong>li</strong>se<strong>li</strong> meTevzeebis daxmarebiT<br />

saqarTveloSi Camoasvenes. wminda mowame mefe demetre sveticxovelSi<br />

dakrZales. qarTvelma erma mas `Tavdadebu<strong>li</strong>~<br />

uwoda. wminda mefe demetres xsenebis dRea Zv. sti<strong>li</strong>T 12,<br />

ax<strong>li</strong>T _ 25 marti (11. w.I. gv.219).<br />

yovladwmida RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s didi gamocxadeba<br />

erT dRes monRolTa noini CaRata mokles. mkvleloba<br />

monRolTa laSqarSi mebrZol qarTvelebs daabrales. simarTles<br />

aravin ijerebda. qarTvelebs gardauva<strong>li</strong> sikvdi<strong>li</strong><br />

elodaT. qarTvelma Tavadebma gadawyvites danaSau<strong>li</strong> Tavis<br />

Tavze aeRoT, raTa ubralo xalxi exsnaT sikvdi<strong>li</strong>sagan.<br />

qarTvelma meomrebma samjer moidrikes mux<strong>li</strong> da RvTism-<br />

Sobels locviT Seevedrnen: `mowyalebisa kari gangviRe<br />

kurTxeulo RvTismSobelo, raTa romelni ese Sen gesavT,<br />

ara davecneT, aramed ganverneT winaaRdgomTa mterTagan,<br />

rameTu Sen xar cxovreba naTesavisa qristianeTasa~. daasrules<br />

Tu ara locva, kaci gamovida lerwmovanebidan. mas<br />

xelSi sisx<strong>li</strong>ani laxvari eWira da daiyvira: `me movka<strong>li</strong><br />

CaRata~. TaTrebma daiWires da gakvirvebulebma hkiTxes. Tu<br />

ratom aRiara danaSau<strong>li</strong>. man moyva, Tu rogor gamoecxada<br />

ulamazesi, TeTrebSi Cacmu<strong>li</strong> qalbatoni da ubrZana eRiarebina<br />

danaSau<strong>li</strong>, raTa mis gamo udanaSaulo qarTvelebi ar<br />

moeklaT. `me swrafad avdeqi da gavyevi. rogorc ki daviZaxe<br />

da daminaxeT, maSinve gauCinarda. ar vici, sad wavida~.-Tqva<br />

mkvlelma (5. t.III, gv.132).<br />

Temur-lengis Semosevamde saqarTveloSi SedarebiT simSvide<br />

iyo. igi saqarTvelos Semoesia giorgi brwyinvales<br />

memkvidris, bagrat V-s (1360-1393), dros. man saqarTvelo<br />

8-jer dalaSqra (1386-1403 wlebSi). miuxedavad imisa, rom<br />

Temur-lengma Seqmna uzarmazari saxelmwifo, mas saqarTvelos<br />

winaaRmdeg brZola gauWirda da ver SeZlo misi<br />

dapyroba. Temur-lengma kargad icoda, rom qarTvelTa<br />

Zala qrisrtianobaSi iyo, amitomac cdilobda qristianobis<br />

aRmofxvrasa da mahmadianobis gavrcelebas. sxva taZrebTan<br />

erTad, Temur-lengma daangria qvaTaxevis didebu<strong>li</strong><br />

taZari, sadac cocxlad dawves mosaxleoba, samRvdeloeba<br />

da ber-monazvnebi. qvabTaxevis monastris kedlebsa da iataks<br />

dRemde amCnevia damwvar wmindanTa anabeWdi. saqarTvelos<br />

vercerTi kuTxe ver gadaurCa mis risxvas. miuxedavad<br />

yove<strong>li</strong>ve amisa, Temur-lengma aRiara saqarTvelo,<br />

rogorc qristianu<strong>li</strong> saxelmwifo da zavi dado. es iyo<br />

− 86 − − 87 −

---

qarTve<strong>li</strong> xalxis udidesi gamarjveba, mopovebu<strong>li</strong> auracxe<strong>li</strong><br />

msxverp<strong>li</strong>s fasad (5. t.III, gv.143-144).<br />

Temur-lengis sikvdi<strong>li</strong>s Semdeg, SedarebiTi mSvidobis<br />

mokle periodSi, aleqsandre didma (1412-1442 ww.) moaxerxa<br />

omiT gapartaxebu<strong>li</strong> da daS<strong>li</strong>s piras misu<strong>li</strong> saqarTvelos<br />

saxelmwifos kidev erTxel gaerTianeba da amierkavkasiis<br />

qveynebze Zve<strong>li</strong> gavlenis aRdgena (56. gv.19).<br />

qarTu<strong>li</strong> saxelmwifo yovelTvis uars ambobda sxvaTa<br />

dapyrobaze, radgan qarTvel mefeTa po<strong>li</strong>tika dafuZnebu<strong>li</strong><br />

iyo qristianul mcnebebze – maSin, rodesac msof<strong>li</strong>os nebismieri<br />

sxva qristianu<strong>li</strong> Tu araqristianu<strong>li</strong> saxelmwifo<br />

uZvelesi droidan dRemde amayobs imiT, Tu ramdeni qveyana<br />

daipyro, daangria da mospo. (9. gv.33).<br />

saqarTvelosTvis mtris Semosevaze metad damangreve<strong>li</strong><br />

aRmoCnda qarTve<strong>li</strong> xalxis erovnu<strong>li</strong> <strong>TviTSegne</strong>bis gasaocari<br />

daknineba. swored erovnu<strong>li</strong> <strong>TviTSegne</strong>bis Sesusteba<br />

iyo mizezi imisa, rom 1490 wels saqarTvelos mefis karze<br />

mowveulma krebam iuridiulad aRiara erTiani qarTu<strong>li</strong><br />

saxelmwifos daS<strong>li</strong>s faqti, ris Sedegadac warmoiSva qar-<br />

T<strong>li</strong>s, kaxeTis, imereTis samefoebi. guriis, samegrelos,<br />

samcxis da svaneTis samTavroebi (5. t.III, gv.211).<br />

saocaria, magram faqtia erTianobis su<strong>li</strong> qarTvelTa<br />

Soris farnavazis dros gacilebiT ufro Z<strong>li</strong>eri iyo. rom<br />

ara dasavleT saqarTvelos _ egrisis vrce<strong>li</strong> qveynis mflobe<strong>li</strong>s<br />

qujis Tavmdabloba da morCileba, farnavazs gau-<br />

Wirdeboda azonis damarcxeba. es erTsulovneba qarTvelebs<br />

rom bolomde SeenarCunebinaT rogori diadi da Z<strong>li</strong>eri<br />

iqneboda <strong>Cveni</strong> qveyana.<br />

XVII saukune umZimesi iyo qarTve<strong>li</strong> eris istoriaSi.<br />

igi <strong>qriste</strong>sTvis wamebulTa simrav<strong>li</strong>Taa gamorCeu<strong>li</strong>. 1616<br />

wels daviT-garejis udabnoSi Sah-abasis mier amowyveti<strong>li</strong><br />

6000 beri, mefe luarsabi (1622), didmowame, saqarTvelos<br />

mnaTobi, kaxeTis dedofa<strong>li</strong> qeTevani (1624), cxra Zma xerxeu<strong>li</strong>Ze<br />

dediTa da diT, maTTan erTad marabdis velze<br />

amowyveti<strong>li</strong> 9000 qarTve<strong>li</strong> (1625 w.) wminda mama evdemoz<br />

kaTo<strong>li</strong>kosi (1624), biZina, Salva da e<strong>li</strong>zbari wamebiT aRsrulebulni<br />

(1661w), garejis monasterSi lekTagan amowyveti<strong>li</strong><br />

Rirsi mamebi (1696 _ 1700w), Sio axa<strong>li</strong>, daviTi<br />

da gabrie<strong>li</strong>, wminda mama – mRvde<strong>li</strong> Tevdore 1609 wels<br />

wamebu<strong>li</strong> da sxvebi.<br />

6000 wmida mama, daviT garejis udabnoSi<br />

mowameobrivad aRsrulebu<strong>li</strong>(1626)<br />

daviT garejis lavra dasabams VI saukunidan iRebs. igi<br />

saqarTvelos su<strong>li</strong>erebisa da kulturis erT-erTi brwyinvale<br />

kera iyo. lavras aq moRvawe ber-monazonTa simrav<strong>li</strong>s<br />

gamo berTa qalaqs uwodebdnen. igi mravaljer iqna<br />

darbeu<strong>li</strong> mterTa mier. mrava<strong>li</strong> gareje<strong>li</strong> mama aResrula<br />

mowameobrivad. 1615 wels Sah-abasi didZa<strong>li</strong> laSqriT Tavs<br />

daesxa saqarTvelos. qveynis dapyrobis Semdeg igi sanadirod<br />

gare kaxeTis velebSi gaemarTa. garejis mTebSi mas<br />

SemoaRamda da iqve dabanakda. SuaRamisas misi yuradReba<br />

miipyro Sors, mTaze moZravma cecxlovanma mwkrivma. urjulos<br />

Tavidan moCveneba egona, magram auxsnes, rom am<br />

adgilebSi berebi cxovrobdnen., romlebic <strong>qriste</strong>s aRdgomas<br />

aRniSnavdnen. isini anTebu<strong>li</strong> sanTlebiT eklesias gars<br />

uv<strong>li</strong>dnen. Sahma berebis amoxocva brZana. imave Rames daviT<br />

garejis winamZRvars, arsens, RvTis angelozi gamoecxada.<br />

− 88 − − 89 −

---

angelozma mas auwya, rom isini im RamiT mtris maxvi<strong>li</strong>T<br />

aResrulebodnen, risTvisac zecaSi uf<strong>li</strong>s mier gvirgvinebiT<br />

Seimkobodnen. monastris winamZRvarma sparselebs<br />

sTxova wirvis dasruleba da ziarebis neba daerToT. mamebi<br />

eziarnen <strong>qriste</strong>s wmida sisxlsa da xorcs. maT sikvdi<strong>li</strong>s<br />

win erTmaneTi gaamxneves. sparselebma berebi nakuwebad aCexes.<br />

Semdgom am uwylo da qvian adgilas vardis buCqi amovida.<br />

wmida Zvlebidan keTilsurnelovanma mironma iwyo dena.<br />

6000 wm. beris pativsacemad da mosaxsenebelad brwyinvale<br />

Svideu<strong>li</strong>s samSabaTi dadginda (59. gv.361).<br />

cbierebiT cnobi<strong>li</strong> Sahi intrigas awyobda saqarTvelos<br />

winaaRmdeg. luarsabi TavisTan daibara. luarsabma kargad<br />

icoda, rac iyo Sahis ,,megobroba~, magram mainc wasvla<br />

gadawyvita, raTa Tavisi xalxi kidev erTi awiokebisagan<br />

exsna. Sah-abasma luarsabi pativiT miiRo. didmarxvis dros<br />

Sahis nadimze luarsabma Tevzi ar SeWama. ,,dRes TevziT<br />

ginda gavtexo marxva, xval xorcs SemomTavazeb, Semdeg ki<br />

<strong>qriste</strong>s uaryofasac momTxov~ ganacxada luarsabma. sibrazisagan<br />

gacofebulma Sahma <strong>qriste</strong>s uaryofa da alahis<br />

aRiareba ubrZana mefes. ,,mTe<strong>li</strong> qveyana rom miboZo, mainc<br />

ver Sevasruleb Sens brZanebas, radgan <strong>qriste</strong>s saxe<strong>li</strong>T na-<br />

Te<strong>li</strong> mimiRia da mxolod is mwams~ _ mxned upasuxa luarsabma.<br />

qarTve<strong>li</strong> mefe Sirazs waiyvanes da dilegSi Caagdes.<br />

Svidi we<strong>li</strong> luarsabma cixeSi marxvasa da locvaSi gaatara.<br />

Sahma jalaTebs misi mokvla ubrZana. wmida mefe luarsabma<br />

RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xatis win daiCoqa da locva daiwyo.<br />

locvis damTavrebis Semdeg jalaTebma RvTismosavi mefe sab<strong>li</strong>T<br />

moaSTves. RamiT luarsabis cxedars sakvirve<strong>li</strong> na-<br />

Te<strong>li</strong> daadga. es moxda 1622 w<strong>li</strong>s 21 ivniss. wmida mefe<br />

luarsabi 35 w<strong>li</strong>s iyo. meore dRes wmida mowamis sxeu<strong>li</strong><br />

cixis ezoSi dafles. wminda arCilsa da luarsabs aTasi<br />

we<strong>li</strong> aSorebs erTmaneTisagan, magram saqarTvelos eklesiam<br />

maTi xseneba Rvaw<strong>li</strong>sa da wamebis msgavsebis gamo erT dRes<br />

ganawesa. kaTolokos- patriarqi leonide (1921) wuxs, rom<br />

`luarsabis wminda Zvlebi dResac sparseTSia, arCi<strong>li</strong>s saflavi<br />

ki erwoel fSavelsa da xevsurs Tu unaxavs, Torem<br />

sxvas aravis~ (11. w.II, gv.478-480).<br />

sparseTsa da osmaleTSi arc erTi qarTu<strong>li</strong> eklesia ar<br />

arsebobda, maSin roca bevri somxuri, frangu<strong>li</strong> da ber-<br />

Znu<strong>li</strong> eklesia iyo (5. t.III, gv.236). es xdeboda imitom,<br />

rom mahmadianebma mospes berZnu<strong>li</strong> da somxuri saxelmwifoebi,<br />

ris gamoc berZnu<strong>li</strong> da somxuri eklesiebi maTTvis<br />

saSiSi aRar iyo. magram ver SeZles qarTu<strong>li</strong> saxelmwifos<br />

mospoba, radganac saqarTvelos sulsa da guls qarTu<strong>li</strong><br />

eklesia warmoadgenda (5. t.III, gv.252). usjuloebma kargad<br />

icodnen, rom erTaderTi WeSmariti qristianu<strong>li</strong> sarwmunoeba<br />

marTlmadidebloba iyo. misi aRmofxvriT maT qristianobis<br />

dasamareba surdaT. monofizitoba da kaTo<strong>li</strong>koba<br />

maTTvis safrTxes ar warmoadgenda. kaTo<strong>li</strong>ke misionerebma<br />

mTel msof<strong>li</strong>oSi xma dayares, TiTqos qeTevan dedofa<strong>li</strong><br />

kaTo<strong>li</strong>ked aResrula. isini romis paps qeTevanis wmidanad<br />

Seracxvas sTxovdnen. es arc iyo gasakviri. romel qveyanas<br />

ar endomeboda <strong>qriste</strong>sTvis wamebu<strong>li</strong> dedofa<strong>li</strong> hyoloda.<br />

magram romis papma qeTevani wmidanad ar Seracxa, radganac<br />

man kargad icoda, rom qarTve<strong>li</strong> dedofa<strong>li</strong> kaTo<strong>li</strong>ked ar<br />

aRsrulebula. mas rom marTlmadidebloba kaTo<strong>li</strong>kobaze<br />

gaecvala, Sahi aRar awamebda, radganac evropa osmalebTan<br />

omSi Sahis mokavSire iyo (5. t.III, gv.240).<br />

wmida qeTevan dedof<strong>li</strong>s mowameobrivma aRsasrulma<br />

wmida misia Seasrula, marTlmadidebe<strong>li</strong> saqarTvelo<br />

− 90 − − 91 −

---

gamahmadianebisagan ixsna<br />

usjuloebma kargad icodnen, rom saqarTvelos Z<strong>li</strong>ereba<br />

deda eklesiasa da marTlmadidebel mefeTa erTobaSi iyo.<br />

amitomac iyo, rom Sah-abasma qarTl-kaxeTis mefed Sahis<br />

karze aRzrdi<strong>li</strong> gamahmadianebu<strong>li</strong> qarTve<strong>li</strong> rostom-xani<br />

(XVIIs.) dasva. igi Sahis po<strong>li</strong>tikis gamtarebe<strong>li</strong> iyo. man<br />

SemoiRo tyveTa syidva saqarTveloSi, razec gangaSi atexa<br />

deda-eklesiam. evdemoz kaTo<strong>li</strong>kosi rostom-xans uSiSrad<br />

amxelda. man mefis winaaRmdeg SeTqmuleba moawyo, raTa<br />

marTlmadidebe<strong>li</strong> Teimurazi gaemefebina. rostom-xanma<br />

saqarTvelos da <strong>qriste</strong>s siyvaru<strong>li</strong>T gulanTebu<strong>li</strong> patriarqi<br />

cixeSi moakvlevina, Semdeg ki cixidan gadaagdebina.<br />

mowame patriarqi anCisxatis taZarSi dakrZales. misi xsenebis<br />

dRea 4 oqtomberi (11. w.II, gv.292).<br />

msof<strong>li</strong>os arc erT qveyanaSi ar yofila mefesa da<br />

xalxs Soris iseTi su<strong>li</strong>erad amaRlebu<strong>li</strong> damokidebuleba,<br />

rogoric saqarTveloSi iyo. mefes uyvarda Tavisi xalxi,<br />

misi satkivariT cxovrobda da Tavs wiravda misTvis. xalxic<br />

siyvaru<strong>li</strong>Ta da TavganwirviT pasuxobda. <strong>qriste</strong>s mcnebebze<br />

aRzrdi<strong>li</strong> mefe-didebulebi Tavis xalxs Tavmdablobis<br />

saocar maga<strong>li</strong>Ts uCvenebdnen. amis dasturia is, rom Tavadaznaurebi<br />

Svilebs glexebs azrdevinebdnen. glexis ojax-<br />

Si gazrdil TavadiSvils mTe<strong>li</strong> cxovreba miyveboda ubralo<br />

xalxis siyvaru<strong>li</strong>.<br />

marTlmadidebloba – WeSmariti sarwmunoeba<br />

Tamar mefis dros qarTvelTa da somexTa Soris erTi<br />

friad mniSvnelovani sarwmunoebrivi kamaTi moxda. Zmebi<br />

zaqaria da ivane mxargrZelebi erovnebiT qurTi, sarwmunoebiT<br />

ki somexi monofizitebi iyvnen. maT samefo karze<br />

didi Tanamdeboba ekavaT. amirspasalari ivane aTabagi iyo.<br />

erTxel, wirvis damTavrebis Semdeg, zaqariam sefiskveris<br />

miReba isurva, magram kaTo<strong>li</strong>kosma ioanem neba ar dar-<br />

To. maSin man Za<strong>li</strong>T moindoma aReba. ioanem miugo, rom<br />

marTlmadidebe<strong>li</strong> mRvdelTmTavari Tavisi nebiT uf<strong>li</strong>sgan<br />

Svidgzis dawyev<strong>li</strong>l somxebs sefiskvers ar miscems, mitaceba<br />

ki mxolod ZaR<strong>li</strong>sTvis aris sakadrisi (22. t.II, gv.<br />

82). gabrazebulma zaqariam somexTa kaTo<strong>li</strong>kosi moiyvana<br />

da dasZina: `me mebrZo<strong>li</strong> kaci var, sarwmunoebis araferi<br />

gamegeba da amas ekamaTe~. kamaTi saRamomde gagrZelda. bolos<br />

ioane kaTo<strong>li</strong>kosma brZana saqmiT eCvenebinaT, Tu vin<br />

iyo marTa<strong>li</strong>: `sami dRe vaSimSiloT ZaRlebi. mesame dRes<br />

CavataroT wirva. wirvis Semdeg ki ZaRlebs davudoT sefiskveri<br />

SesaWmelad. rom<strong>li</strong>s sefiskversac ZaR<strong>li</strong> SeWams,<br />

misi sarwmunoeba mcdari iqneba~. amis gamgone mefes da ers<br />

Tavzari daeca. patriarqs usayvedures: `es ra Tqvi, vis Seu-<br />

Z<strong>li</strong>a amis qmna?~ patriarqma mSvidad miugo, rom sakuTari<br />

Tavis imedad ar akeTebda amas, aramed <strong>qriste</strong>sa da RvTism-<br />

Sobelze iyo mindobi<strong>li</strong>.<br />

<strong>qriste</strong>m dagvidgina veziaroT mis wmida sisxlsa da<br />

xorcs. ziareba <strong>qriste</strong>sTan SeerTebaa. ziarebis saidumlo<br />

<strong>Cveni</strong> gonebisaTvis miuwvdome<strong>li</strong>a. am dros adamians yvela<br />

codva mieteveba da gza exsneba caTa sasufeve<strong>li</strong>saken. wirvisas,<br />

sakurTxevelSi mRvde<strong>li</strong> xelapyrobiT loculobs da<br />

− 92 − − 93 −

---

SesTxovs ufals, raTa su<strong>li</strong>wmida gadmovides wmida ZRvenze,<br />

puri da Rvino gardaqmnas macxovris WeSmarit sisxlad da<br />

xorcad. es aris udidesi saidumloeba, rome<strong>li</strong>c wirvisas<br />

aResruleba. Tu sarwmunoeba WeSmaritia, RmerTi ismens mar-<br />

Ta<strong>li</strong> mRvd<strong>li</strong>s locvas. Rvino da puri gadaiqceva <strong>qriste</strong>s<br />

sisxlad da xorcad. Tu arada, Cveulebriv purad da Rvinod<br />

rCeba. somxebi daTanxmdnen. orive mxare Sewevnas sTxovda<br />

ufals. kviras, di<strong>li</strong>T, wirvis Semdeg, qarTvelma ka-<br />

To<strong>li</strong>kosma brZana, moeyvanaT somexTa naSimSilari ZaR<strong>li</strong>.<br />

man <strong>qriste</strong>s wmida xorcad gardaqmni<strong>li</strong> sefiskveri daudo<br />

ZaRls. ZaR<strong>li</strong> gaeqana SesaWmelad, magram rodesac miuaxlovda<br />

wkavwkaviT gaSorda. xolo somexTa sefiskveri (e.i.<br />

puri) ZaRlma Tva<strong>li</strong>s daxamxamebaSi gadasansla. am saswau<strong>li</strong>s<br />

xilvis Semdeg ivane mxargrZelma, iseve rogorc sxva<br />

mravalma somexma, marTlmadidebloba aRiara da moinaTla.<br />

Sercxvenilma zaqaria mxargrZelma ganacxada, rom qarTvel-<br />

Ta sarwmunoeba WeSmaritia, magram codva masze iyos, vinc<br />

pirvelad ganudga marTlmadideblobas da isev monofizitad<br />

darCa. ase daamtkica RmerTsa da marTlmadideblobas<br />

mindobilma ioane kaTo<strong>li</strong>kosma qarTu<strong>li</strong> sarwmunoebis WeSmariteba<br />

(11. w.I, gv.340).<br />

xSirad gaigonebT aseT naTqvams: `ratom ggoniaT, rom<br />

mxolod marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebaa WeSmariti?~ imitom,<br />

rom marTlmadidebluri qristianu<strong>li</strong> sarwmunoeba<br />

TviT ufalma misca Tavis mociqulebs. es sarwmunoeba wmidad<br />

da ucvlelad dacu<strong>li</strong>a mxolod marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi.<br />

amis dasturia RvTaebrivi cecx<strong>li</strong>s gardamosvla<br />

yovelw<strong>li</strong>urad uf<strong>li</strong>s saflavze aRdgomis wina dRes, did<br />

SabaTs, RvTaebrivi cecx<strong>li</strong> mxolod maSin gadmodis, roca<br />

macxovris saflavze aRmarTul salocavSi marTlmadidebe<strong>li</strong><br />

patriarqi imyofeba. uf<strong>li</strong>s es udidesi, msof<strong>li</strong>o saswau<strong>li</strong><br />

meoTxe saukunidan aResruleba. erTxel, somxebma gadawyvites<br />

TviTon mieRoT RvTaebrivi cecx<strong>li</strong>. maT moisyides<br />

musulmani arabi, rom<strong>li</strong>s mflobelobaSic iyo macxovris<br />

saflavis taZari; Seaswres marTlmadidebel patriarqs, karebi<br />

gadarazes da daiwyes locva. somxebi didxans elodnen<br />

saswauls, magram RvTaebrivi cecx<strong>li</strong> arada ar gadmodioda.<br />

marTlmadidebe<strong>li</strong> patriarqi mrev<strong>li</strong>TurT gareT loculobda.<br />

uceb mowmendil caze daiquxa. taZris marmarilos sveti<br />

gaibzara, masze gaCeni<strong>li</strong> napra<strong>li</strong>dan RvTaebrivi cecx<strong>li</strong><br />

gadmovida da marTmadidebe<strong>li</strong> patriarqis sanTe<strong>li</strong> ainTo.<br />

es sveti dResac dgas gabzaru<strong>li</strong>, marTlmadideblobis Zlevamosilobis<br />

niSnad.<br />

wmida efemiam saswaulebrivad daamtkica<br />

marTlmadidebe<strong>li</strong> sarwmunoebis WeSmariteba<br />

451 wels bosforis sanapiroze mdebare qalaq qalkedonSi<br />

(azia) monofizitTa eresis (mwvaleblobis) gansaxilvelad<br />

moiwvies meoTxe msof<strong>li</strong>o saeklesio kreba. kreba<br />

mimdinareobda didmowame efemias saxelze aSenebul taZarSi.<br />

xangrZ<strong>li</strong>vi kamaTis miuxedavad mowinaaRmdege mxareebi<br />

ver SeTanxmdnen. maSin marTlmadidebelma da monofizitma<br />

mRvdelmTavrebma daweres TavianTi sarwmunoebis mrwamsi da<br />

sakuTari beWdiT daluqes. imperator markianes TandaswrebiT<br />

wminda efemias luskuma (kubo) gaxsnes da orive gragni<strong>li</strong><br />

mkerdze daades. Semdeg kubo imperatoris beWdiT daluqes<br />

da irgv<strong>li</strong>v mcvelebi daayenes. orive mxare gaZ<strong>li</strong>erebul<br />

locvasa da marxvas mieca. sami dRis Semdeg luskuma gaxsnes.<br />

marTlmadidebelTa gragni<strong>li</strong> wmida efemias marjvena xelSi<br />

− 94 − − 95 −

---

eWira, monofizitTa ki mis fexebTan egdo. wmida efemiam<br />

cocxa<strong>li</strong>viT aswia xe<strong>li</strong> da gragni<strong>li</strong> marTlmadidebel patriarqs<br />

miawoda. am saswau<strong>li</strong>s Semdeg mrava<strong>li</strong> gzaabneu<strong>li</strong><br />

daubrunda marTlmadideblobas (11. w.II, gv.35).<br />

<strong>Cveni</strong> gadamrCeni marTlmadidebe<strong>li</strong> eklesiaa. vataroT<br />

jvari. viaroT taZarSi, daveswroT wirva-locvas, vikiTxoT<br />

locvebi, xSirad gamovisaxoT pirjvari, viyo<strong>li</strong>oT su<strong>li</strong>eri<br />

moZRvari, xSirad CavabaroT aRsareba, movinanioT codvebi,<br />

rac SeiZleba xSirad veziaroT <strong>qriste</strong>s wmida sisxls da<br />

xorcs. ufa<strong>li</strong> ambobs: `vinc Cems sisxls da xorcs miiRebs,<br />

is daimkvidrebs caTa sasufevels~(ioanes saxareba 6:54). vikiTxoT<br />

bib<strong>li</strong>a, gansakuTrebiT axa<strong>li</strong> aRTqma (saxareba), ioane<br />

mociqu<strong>li</strong>s gamocxadeba da wmindanTa cxovreba. madloba<br />

vuTxraT ufals yvelafrisaTvis. da Tuki Cven axlos viqnebiT<br />

<strong>qriste</strong>sTan, ratom unda gveSinodes anti<strong>qriste</strong>si?<br />

`bolo Jamis adamianebs simdable, sikeTe da siyvaru<strong>li</strong><br />

gadaarCens. sikeTe samoTxis kars gagiRebs, simdable<br />

Sig Segiyvans, siyvaru<strong>li</strong> ki RmerTs ganaxvebs. giyvardeT<br />

erTmaneTi. saqarTvelo siyvarulma unda gadaarCinos. anti<strong>qriste</strong><br />

yvelgan gamefebdeba, mxolod saqarTveloSi ver<br />

daidgams is taxts. saqarTvelo RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s wilxvedria,<br />

rac dRes saqarTveloSi xdeba, Cvens sasikeTodaa. ar miatovoT<br />

saqarTvelo. ar ganarisxoT RvTismSobe<strong>li</strong>, adamiani<br />

sadac daibadeba, iq gadmodis masze kurTxeva. saqarTvelo<br />

unda gabrwyindes, magram didi tanjva unda gamoiaros.<br />

roca ityvian-ai, morCa, maSin gabrwyindeba. es gabrwyineba<br />

iqneba su<strong>li</strong>eri aRmavloba da ara dolarebis fria<strong>li</strong>. wmidaTa<br />

jaWvi saqarTveloSi uwyvetia. qarTul eklesias su<strong>li</strong>wmidis<br />

mad<strong>li</strong> arasodes moklebia da arc moakldeba. iloceT<br />

yvelasaTvis. amas gitovebT anderZad. iloceT, locva<br />

mTebs daZravs.~ beri gabrie<strong>li</strong> (urgebaZe)<br />

nebismieri qristiani qveyana ubednieresi iqneboda da<br />

iamayebda Tundac marto <strong>qriste</strong>s kvarTi (perangi) rom<br />

hqonoda, magram Seucnobe<strong>li</strong> gangebulebiT, ufalma ineba,<br />

rom saqarTveloSi aramarto Tavisi perangi, aramed<br />

yovladwmida RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s kvarTi (perangi) yofi<strong>li</strong>yo.<br />

saqarTveloSia aseve <strong>Cveni</strong> qveynisaTvis udidesi mad<strong>li</strong>s<br />

momniWebe<strong>li</strong> siwmideebi: macxovris xelTuqmne<strong>li</strong> xati (an-<br />

Cisxatad cnobi<strong>li</strong>), RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xelTuqmne<strong>li</strong> xati (awyuris<br />

RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xatad cnobi<strong>li</strong>) da e<strong>li</strong>a winaswarmetyve<strong>li</strong>s<br />

mosasxami, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT wmida ninos<br />

jvarze, samsWvalze (lursmanze), rom<strong>li</strong>Tac <strong>ieso</strong> <strong>qriste</strong><br />

jvarze gaakres, mociqu<strong>li</strong> Tomas wmida Tavis qalaze Tu<br />

sxva siwmideebze, romlebic caze mokiafe varskvlavebivi-<br />

Taa mofeni<strong>li</strong> saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi. maTi mad<strong>li</strong><br />

aZ<strong>li</strong>erebs da aerTianebs sru<strong>li</strong>ad saqarTvelos. yazbegSi,<br />

myinvarwveris kalTaze, msof<strong>li</strong>oSi arsebul marTlmadidebel<br />

taZarTa Soris yvelaze maRal adgilas, zRvis donidan<br />

4100 metris simaRleze, kacTagan miuval adgilas arsebobs<br />

beTlemis saxelwodebiT cnobi<strong>li</strong> gamoqvabu<strong>li</strong>, sadac berebi<br />

VI saukunidan moRvaweobdnen. gamoqvabulSi Sesvla mxolod<br />

iqidan CamoSvebu<strong>li</strong> jaWvis saSualebiTaa SesaZlebe<strong>li</strong>. `qar-<br />

T<strong>li</strong>s cxovrebis~ mixedviT, iq mrava<strong>li</strong> sakvirveleba inaxeboda,<br />

maT Soris uf<strong>li</strong>s akvani da abraamis karvis nawi<strong>li</strong>.<br />

<strong>Cveni</strong> qveynisaTvis udidesi mad<strong>li</strong>s momniWebe<strong>li</strong> siwmidis<br />

macxovris xelTuqmne<strong>li</strong> xatis Sesaxeb saeklesio gadmocema<br />

Semdegs mogviTxrobs. siriaSi, saqarTvelos mosazRvre q.<br />

edesis mTavari avgarozi ukurnebe<strong>li</strong> seniT iyo daavadebu<strong>li</strong>.<br />

avgarozma weri<strong>li</strong> miswera <strong>ieso</strong>s. igi mas gankurnebas sTxovda<br />

da ebraelebisagan devnil <strong>ieso</strong>s sacxovreblad Tavis<br />

− 96 − − 97 −

---

qalaqs sTavazobda. weri<strong>li</strong> ierusa<strong>li</strong>mSi cnobil mxatvars,<br />

ananias gaatana, Tan <strong>qriste</strong>s saxis daxatvac daavala. mxatvari<br />

bevrs ecada, magram <strong>qriste</strong>s araCveulebrivi mad<strong>li</strong>T<br />

aRsavse saxis daxatva ver SeZlo. macxovarma mxatvars<br />

tilo gamoarTva da saxeze miido. tiloze saswaulebrivad<br />

gamoisaxa macxovris saxe. gaxarebu<strong>li</strong> mxatvari mociqul<br />

TadeozTan erTad edesaSi gaemgzavra. qalaq ierapolTan<br />

SemoaRamdaT. Ramis gasaTevad erT meqoTnesTan SeCerdnen.<br />

xati ki, imis SiSiT, rom ar dazianebu<strong>li</strong>yo, or gamomwvar<br />

kecs Soris moaTavses. SuaRamisas xats cecxlovani<br />

sveti daadga. roca tilo kecebidan amoiRes, naxes, rom<br />

macxovris saxe zemo kecze gadasu<strong>li</strong>yo. am ambavma qalaqis<br />

Tavis yuradRebac miiqcia. mas xatis Seqmnis istoria<br />

uambes. gamgebelma keci Tavis saxlSi waabrZana. tiloze<br />

gamosaxu<strong>li</strong> xelTuqmne<strong>li</strong> xati avgarozs Cautanes. q. edesis<br />

maxloblad, gzaze erTi kuti Wabuki maTxovrobda. Tadeoz<br />

mociqulma xati Wabuks Seaxo. igi maSinve ganikurna.<br />

es saswau<strong>li</strong> elvasaviT moedo mTel qalaqs. avgarozi 6<br />

we<strong>li</strong> iyo sawolze mijaWvu<strong>li</strong>. rogorc ki xats emTxvia,<br />

maSinve ganikurna. avgarozma xelTuqmne<strong>li</strong> xati ficarze<br />

daakvrevina da qalaqis karibWis zemoT gamokveTil niSSi<br />

daabrZana, iq, sadac uwin kerpi idga, raTa yvelas Tayvani<br />

eca am didi siwmidisaTvis. magram Semdgom avgarozis erTerTma<br />

SvilTaSvilma xatis Camoxsna da mis nacvlad kvlav<br />

kerpis dadgma gadawyvita. amis Sesaxeb ufalma winaswar<br />

ganucxada edesis episkoposs, romelmac xatis win kande<strong>li</strong><br />

daanTo da niSi Tixis firfitiTa da aguriT amoaSena. gadmocemiT,<br />

macxovris xelTuqmne<strong>li</strong> xatis Tayvansacemad, edesaSi<br />

mociqulTaswori wmida ninoc misula.<br />

gavida mrava<strong>li</strong> we<strong>li</strong>. 545 wels sparsTa mefe xosro<br />

Tavisi mravalricxovani laSqriT edesas moadga. swored am<br />

dros yovladwmida RvTismSobe<strong>li</strong> gamoecxada episkoposs evlavios<br />

da ubrZana, amoqo<strong>li</strong><strong>li</strong> niSidan xati gamoesvenebina.<br />

mRvdelmTavarma kede<strong>li</strong> gamoangria. xatis win kvlav enTo<br />

kande<strong>li</strong>, Tixis firfitaze ki macxovris saxe gadasu<strong>li</strong>yo.<br />

locvisa da <strong>li</strong>taniobis Semdeg mtris banakSi areuloba<br />

daiwyo da sparselebi iZulebulni gaxdnen ukan daexiaT.<br />

630 wels edesa arabebma daipyres. isini xels ar uS<strong>li</strong>dnen<br />

xelTuqmne<strong>li</strong> xatis Tayvaniscemas, rom<strong>li</strong>s dideba ukve mTel<br />

aRmosavleTs moedo.<br />

944wels xati didi pativiT konstantinopolSi gadaabr-<br />

Zanes. 1204 wels konstantinopo<strong>li</strong> jvarosnebma aiRes. xati,<br />

dacvis mizniT, saqarTveloSi, kerZod, mTian klarjeTSi gadaitanes.<br />

igi anCis saydarSi daabrZanes. amitom ewoda macxovris<br />

xelTuqmnel xats anCisxati. Tamar mefis dros xati<br />

didi xelovnebiT moWeda beqa opizarma. mTavarepiskoposma<br />

ioane anCelma kacobriobis am udides siwmides sagalobe<strong>li</strong><br />

miuZRvna. roca osmaloebma saqarTvelos Semouties,<br />

anCisxati, usafrTxoebis mizniT, sofel WalaSi, ioaTam<br />

amilaxvris ojaxSi moxvda. Semdeg Tbi<strong>li</strong>sSi, VII saukuneSi<br />

RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s saxelze agebul taZarSi, daabrZanes. taZars<br />

mis pativsacemad anCisxati uwodes. saqarTveloSi sabWoTa<br />

xe<strong>li</strong>suflebis damyarebis Semdeg anCisxati taZridan muzeumSi<br />

gadaabrZanes. igi dResac saxelmwifo muzeumis oqros<br />

sacavSia dacu<strong>li</strong>. macxovris xelTuqmne<strong>li</strong> xatidan kecze<br />

gadasu<strong>li</strong> as<strong>li</strong>c saqarTveloSia. igi anton martyofelma<br />

erT-erT monofizitur taZarSi naxa. es udidesi siwminde<br />

mwvalebelTa xelSi rom ar darCeni<strong>li</strong>yo, farulad wamoiRo<br />

da saqarTveloSi Camoitana. kecze gadasu<strong>li</strong> as<strong>li</strong> wmidanis<br />

gardacvalebis Semdeg martyofSi inaxeboda. masTan SexebiT<br />

− 98 − − 99 −

---

saswaulebrivad ganikurna saqarTve<strong>li</strong>s dasneulebu<strong>li</strong> mefe<br />

daviT VII ulu (1241-1270). saqarTvelos mefis giorgi VIIis<br />

(1393-1407) mefobisas, Temur lengis Semosevebis dros,<br />

giorgi martyofelma keci macxovris gamosaxulebiT, urjuloebs<br />

rom ar CavardnodaT, yvelasaTvis ucnob adgilas<br />

gadamala. arsebobs gadmocema, rom meored mosv<strong>li</strong>s win<br />

gacxaddeba misi adgilsamyofe<strong>li</strong> (11. w.II, gv.144-147).<br />

15 iv<strong>li</strong>ss mTe<strong>li</strong> saqarTvelo zeimobs RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s<br />

kvarTis dResaswauls zugdidis vlaqernis RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s<br />

saxelobis taZarSi. Tu rogor moxda es didi siwmide<br />

saqarTveloSi, arsebobs gadmocema:Bbizantiis imperatoris<br />

Zmebi, cnobi<strong>li</strong> saeklesio ierarqebi _ galvius da kandidi<br />

wminda adgilebis mosalocad palestinaSi gaemgzavrnen.<br />

isini Ramis gasaTevad sofel nazareTSi, erT moxucebul<br />

qalTan SeCerdnen. stumrebis yurdReba anTebulma sanTelma<br />

da sakmev<strong>li</strong>s surnelma miipyro. ebraelma qalma maT gaumxila,<br />

rom masTan kidobanSi inaxeboda Zvirfasi siwminde _<br />

ERvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s perangi, rom<strong>li</strong>sganac mrava<strong>li</strong> saswau<strong>li</strong> da<br />

kurneba aResruleboda. RvTismSobelma gardacvalebis win<br />

Tavisi perangi erT keTilmsaxur ebrael qalwuls aCuqa da<br />

sTxova, misi sikvdi<strong>li</strong>s Semdeg igi sxva qalwu<strong>li</strong>sTvis gadaeca.Aamrigad,<br />

am ojaxSi siwminde Taobidan Taobas gadaecemoda.<br />

Zmebma gza ganagrZes ierusa<strong>li</strong>misaken im imediT,<br />

rom rogorme daepatronebodnen am siwmindes. amisaTvis maT<br />

daamzades swored iseTive kidobani, rogoric nazareTSi ixiles.<br />

ierusa<strong>li</strong>midan dabrunebisas igi Secvales. namdvi<strong>li</strong><br />

kidobani ki kvarTTan erTad kostantinopolSi waiRes. imperatori<br />

didad gaaxara am wminda ganZis Catanam da misi<br />

brZanebiT igi 474 wels vlaqernis RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s saxelobis<br />

taZarSi daabrZanes. erT-erTi gadmocemis Tanaxmad, kvarTi<br />

saqarTveloSi me-12 saukuneSi, sxva gadmocemiT ki me-8 saukuneSi,<br />

bizantiaSi xatmebrZolobis dros Camoitanes. RvTism-<br />

Sob<strong>li</strong>s kvarTi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi xobis monasterSi<br />

inaxeboda (11. w.II, gv.11).<br />

yovladwminda RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s kvarTTan dakavSirebul erT<br />

saswauls aRwers mRvdel-monazoni ka<strong>li</strong>strate. 1891 wels<br />

xobis monasteri gatexes. avazakma gaitaca RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s<br />

kvarTi Tavis kidobniT. mwuxarebiT aRvsi<strong>li</strong> xobelebi ambobdnen:<br />

,,sad iyvnen berebi!Nnurca beri, nurca eri nuRar viqnebiT<br />

cocxalni, Tu es siwminde dagvekargao.~ ar gauv<strong>li</strong>a sam dRes<br />

da siwminde gamtaceblebma monastris maxloblad, buCqebSi,<br />

xeluxleblad daasvenes. iqaurebma im Rames saocreba ixiles.<br />

wyvdiadSi monastris Tavze zecidan TiTqos cecx<strong>li</strong>s naperwka<strong>li</strong><br />

gadmodioda. sof<strong>li</strong>s macxovreblebi zegardamo miniSnebul<br />

adgilas mividnen da gatacebu<strong>li</strong> siwminde ipoves. am<br />

saswaulma xalxs kidev ufro gauZ<strong>li</strong>era imedi da siyvaru<strong>li</strong><br />

yovladwminda qalwul mariamisadmi. samadlobe<strong>li</strong> parak<strong>li</strong>sis<br />

Semdeg xobelebma daadgines taZarSi mudam yofi<strong>li</strong>yo sam-sami<br />

kaci Ramis yaraulad. (ka<strong>li</strong>strate, `xopis monasteri da misi<br />

istoriu<strong>li</strong> wyaro~ axal-senaki, 1894w.) gadmocemiT, yofila<br />

mcdeloba misi ruseTSi gatanisa, magram, RvTis gangebiT<br />

kvarTi saqarTveloSi darCa (24. w. 2 gv. 336).<br />

yovladwminda RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s kvarTma kidev erTi saswau<strong>li</strong><br />

aRasrula. 2000 wels wminda kvarTze macxovris xelTuqmne<strong>li</strong><br />

xati gamoisaxa. XX saukuneSi, 90-iani wlebis<br />

bolodan, saqarTveloSi yovladwminda RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s kvar-<br />

Tis dResaswau<strong>li</strong> Zve<strong>li</strong> sti<strong>li</strong>T 2 iv<strong>li</strong>ss, ax<strong>li</strong>T _ 15<br />

iv<strong>li</strong>ss aRiniSneba. es dRe sayovelTao dResaswau<strong>li</strong>a marTmadidebel<br />

samyaroSi.<br />

− 100 − − 101 −

---

saqarTvelo _ wmida miwisa da aRmosavleTSi<br />

qristianobis damcve<strong>li</strong><br />

odiTganve, musulmanebisagan qristianu<strong>li</strong> aRmosavleTis<br />

da misi siwmideebis damcve<strong>li</strong> erTaderTi qveyana<br />

saqarTvelo iyo. qarTvelebi cnobilni arian, rogorc<br />

eklesia- monastrebis damaarsebelni, aRmSeneblebi da aRmdgenni.<br />

saqarTvelos gareT 50 meti qarTu<strong>li</strong> monasteri<br />

iyo. qarTvelTa samonastro cxovreba palestinaSi IV-V<br />

saukuneebidan iwyeba. wm. jvris monasteri ierusa<strong>li</strong>mTan<br />

axlos (IVs.); mdinare iordanes napiras (sofe<strong>li</strong> abu<br />

alasi) faranis lavris axlos (IV s.); ioane RvTismetyve<strong>li</strong>s<br />

ierusa<strong>li</strong>mSi (Vs.); tavriis naxevarkunZulze (VIs.);<br />

aTosi (VIIIs.); ioane naT<strong>li</strong>smcem<strong>li</strong>s konstantinopol-<br />

Si (VIIIs.); (3. gv. 248). egvipteSi IVs-Si moRvaweobda<br />

evagre pontoe<strong>li</strong>, xolo Vs-Si egviptis udabnoSi qarTu<strong>li</strong><br />

taZari aSenda. Vs-Si egviptesa da palestinaSi taZrebis<br />

maSenebe<strong>li</strong> iyo petre iberi. palestinaSi petre iberma<br />

aaSena jvris, iberTa da lazTa monastrebi. qarTvelTa<br />

samonastro centrebi arsebobda aTonis mTaze iverTa monasteri<br />

(Xs.), ulumbos mTaze (mcire aziaSi-VIs.), bulgareTSi<br />

petriwonis monasteri, kviprosze, sinas mTaze<br />

wmida didmowame ekaterines monasteri, wm. svimeon sakvirvelTmoqmedis<br />

savane Sav mTaze, antioqiis axlos, sadac<br />

wminda svimon mesvetis monasterSi daaxloebiT samoci<br />

qarTve<strong>li</strong> beri moRvaweobda, maT Soris iyvnen mesvete mamebic.<br />

Sav mTaze moRvaweobdnen giorgi dayudebu<strong>li</strong>, giorgi<br />

mTawminde<strong>li</strong>, efrem mcire, anton tbe<strong>li</strong>, saba Tuxare<strong>li</strong><br />

da sxvebi. sinas mTis wm. ekaterines saxelobis monasterSi<br />

qarTve<strong>li</strong> berebi VIs-dan moRvaweobdnen. sabawmidas<br />

lavraSi, rome<strong>li</strong>c wmida saba ganwmendilma daaarsa (483w.)<br />

moRvaweobdnen makari leTeTe<strong>li</strong>, giorgi Tbile<strong>li</strong>, ioane<br />

zosime da sxvebi.<br />

bulgareTSi petriwonis qarTvelTa monastris maSenebe<strong>li</strong><br />

iyo grigol bakurianisZe (1083). grigol bakurianisZe<br />

(taoe<strong>li</strong> erisTavTerisTavis bakurianis Svi<strong>li</strong>,<br />

bagrationTa gvaridan) iyo bizantiis jaris mTavarsarda<strong>li</strong>.<br />

imperatorma grigols didZa<strong>li</strong> simdidre uboZa.<br />

swored am naboZeb mamulSi, bulgareTSi, sof. petriwonSi<br />

man aago monasteri yovladwmida RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s saxelze<br />

da ori patara eklesia wm. ioane naT<strong>li</strong>smcem<strong>li</strong>sa da wm.<br />

giorgis saxelze (58).<br />

qarTvelebi marto eklesia-monastrebis maSeneblebi ar<br />

iyvnen. maT aseve daaarses qarTu<strong>li</strong> koloniebi, Seqmnes sakuTari<br />

savaneebi da mwignobrul-SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobac<br />

hqondaT gaCaRebu<strong>li</strong>. esenia: ierusa<strong>li</strong>mSi sabawmidis lavra,<br />

jvris monasteri, palavra (ierusa<strong>li</strong>midan 10-12 kilometris<br />

daSorebiT), aTonis mTaze iverTa monasteri, bulgareTSi<br />

petriwonis monasteri da sxvebi. sinas mTa SedarebiT<br />

mosvenebu<strong>li</strong> iyo mtrebis Semosevebisgan. amitom aq<br />

ufro dacu<strong>li</strong> da Semonaxu<strong>li</strong>a Zve<strong>li</strong> qarTu<strong>li</strong> xelnawerebi,<br />

romlebic gaocebas iwvevs Tavisi mravalferovnebiT. Xs-Si<br />

sinel qarTvel berebs ara marto mdidari bib<strong>li</strong>oTeka hqondaT,<br />

aramed specialuri samkiTxvelo darbazi da guldasmiT<br />

Sedgeni<strong>li</strong> wignebis nusxa.<br />

marto ierusa<strong>li</strong>mSi qarTvelebs sxvadasxva dros 30-mde<br />

eklesia-monasteri da samlocvelo ekuTvnodaT (aqedan 7<br />

dedaTa monasteri iyo). wmida Tevdores minasteri, mas be-<br />

Tlemisas uwodebdnen. agebu<strong>li</strong> unda yofi<strong>li</strong>yo IVs-Si qar-<br />

T<strong>li</strong>s mefis bakuris dros. igi Vs-Si (daaxloebiT 440w.)<br />

− 102 − − 103 −

---

ganuaxlebia petre ibers da ioane lazs. petre iberma monasterSi<br />

Seqmna skola, rom<strong>li</strong>s birTvs siriaSi myofi qarTveloba<br />

Seadgenda. XXs-is Sua xanebSi ita<strong>li</strong>e<strong>li</strong> virji<strong>li</strong>o<br />

korbos mier Catarebu<strong>li</strong> arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad<br />

ierusa<strong>li</strong>mSi, beTlemis maxloblad aRmoCenil iqna swored am<br />

monastris nangrevebi qarTu<strong>li</strong> warwerebiT, romlebic dRes<br />

beTlemis uZvelesi warwerebiT aris cnobi<strong>li</strong>; wmida abramis<br />

monasteri, agebu<strong>li</strong> iyo iq, sadac bib<strong>li</strong>is mixedviT, mama<br />

abrams misi erTaderTi Ze isaki uf<strong>li</strong>saTvis unda Seewira;<br />

wmida anas; wmida basi<strong>li</strong>s; wmida giorgis; deltavis; wmida<br />

demetres; wmida ekaterines; wmida Tevdores; wmida Tekles;<br />

wmida iakobis; iberTa (maSenebe<strong>li</strong> petre iberi); wmida ioane<br />

maxarebe<strong>li</strong>s; kapaTas monasteri, igi aris ierusa<strong>li</strong>mis<br />

erT-erTi uZvelesi taZari sionis mTaze. kapaTas monaster-<br />

Si iyo mdidari wignsacavi, rome<strong>li</strong>c 1244w. xvarazmelebis<br />

Semosevis dros monasterTan erTad ganadgurda; katamonis<br />

(wm. svimeon katamone<strong>li</strong>s) monasteri; lazTa (maSenebe<strong>li</strong><br />

petre iberi); mirqmis; wmida nikolozis; wmida samoel<br />

winaswarmetyve<strong>li</strong>s (xarebis mTaze); svetis anu mxsne<strong>li</strong>s;<br />

jvris (maSenebe<strong>li</strong> petre iberi); wmida mTavarangelozebis;<br />

wm. jvris aRmoCenis; kalamonis (wm. gerasimes); monastrebi<br />

geTsimaniis baRSi da zeTisxi<strong>li</strong>s mTaze. eklesiebi: wmida<br />

anasi; wmida nikolozis; wmida stefanesi (eklesia aSenebu<strong>li</strong><br />

iyo wm. stefanes Caqolvis adgilas). mTa, sadac naT<strong>li</strong>sRebis<br />

Semdeg <strong>ieso</strong> 40 dRe da Rame marxulobda Zalze adreu<strong>li</strong><br />

droidan izidavda qristian asketebs. 1336 w. qarTvelebi<br />

jer kidev moRvaweobdnen am mTaze.<br />

golgoTas samonastro kompleqsi sam monasters aer-<br />

Tianebs: golgoTas, uf<strong>li</strong>s saflavis da aRdgomis monastrebs,<br />

sadac qarTvelebi saukunis ganmavlobaSi moRvaweobd-<br />

nen. golgoTas eklesiis garda qarTvelebs sxavadasxva dros<br />

ekavaT RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s samlocvelo; mariam magda<strong>li</strong>ne<strong>li</strong>s samlocvelo,<br />

sadac mas aRdgomis Semdeg <strong>qriste</strong> mebaRis saxiT<br />

gamoecxada; samlocvelo golgoTis mTis ZirSi, sadac adami<br />

daikrZala; wmida ioane naT<strong>li</strong>smcem<strong>li</strong>s samlocvelo; wmida<br />

saflavis eklesiis talanebi (derefnebi); wmida elenes<br />

samlocvelo; RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s samlocvelo golgoTas ZirSi,<br />

geTsimaniis samlocvelo. qarTvelebs geTsimaniis RvTism-<br />

Sob<strong>li</strong>s eklesiaSi sakurTxeve<strong>li</strong> ekavaT. golgoTa – mTe<strong>li</strong><br />

qristianobis es uwmidesi taZari TiTqmis XVII saukunis bolomde<br />

qarTvelebs ekuTvnodaT. golgoTaze da saerTod ierusa<strong>li</strong>mSi<br />

qarTvelTa simravleze unda miuTiTebdes is faqti,<br />

rom golgoTaze qarTve<strong>li</strong> episkoposebi iniSnebodnen, zemoT<br />

dasaxelebu<strong>li</strong> qarTu<strong>li</strong> savaneebidan dReisaTvis aRarcerTi<br />

ekunTvnis maT damaarsebel qarTvelebs (46. gv.141-156).<br />

mefe daviT aRmaSenebelma aaSena da Seamko monastrebi<br />

aramarto Tavisi saxelmwifos SigniT, aramed saberZneTSi<br />

(bizantiaSi), aTonis wmida mTaze, bulgareTSi, siriaSi,<br />

kviprosze, Sav mTaze (antioqiis axlos) da palestinaSi.<br />

sinas mTaze, sadac ufa<strong>li</strong>, mose da e<strong>li</strong>a winaswarmetyvelebs<br />

esaubreboda, monasteri aaSena, romelsac yovelw<strong>li</strong>urad<br />

aTasobiT oqros da re<strong>li</strong>giuri daniSnulebis wignebs ugzavnida,<br />

gansakuTrebiT ierusa<strong>li</strong>mis monastrebsa da <strong>qriste</strong>s<br />

saflavis taZars exmareboda (5. t.III, gv.20). 1192-1193 wlebSi<br />

Tamar mefe sulTan aladins 200 000 dinars sTavazobda 1188<br />

wels musulmanebis mier ierusa<strong>li</strong>mis aRebisas mitacebu<strong>li</strong><br />

jvris gamosasyidlad, romelzec macxovari iyo gakru<strong>li</strong>.<br />

aseve sTxovda maTTvis warTmeu<strong>li</strong> monastrebis dabrunebas.<br />

Tamaris dros aSenda qalaqi varZia, rom<strong>li</strong>s monasterSic<br />

did marxvas atarebda RmerTSemosi<strong>li</strong> mefe. am dros aSen-<br />

− 104 − − 105 −

---

da fitareTi, qvabTaxevi, beTania... wminda mefem ara marto<br />

saqarTvelos eklesia-monastrebi gaamdidra, aramed uxvad<br />

Seamko lavrebi da savaneebi palestinaSi, kviprosze, sinas<br />

mTaze, Sav mTaze, saberZneTSi, aTonis mTaze, petriwonSi,<br />

makedoniaSi, TrakiaSi, rumineTSi, isavriaSi, konstantinopolSi.<br />

erTxel mefem ganZi uZRvna saTxovnelad mosul<br />

SavmTel monazvnebs da mSvidobiT gaistumra. konstantinopols<br />

misu<strong>li</strong> berebi Zmis mkvlelma keisarma aleqsi angarma<br />

Seipyro da yvelaferi waarTva. es rom mefe Tamarma gaigo,<br />

monazvnebs winandelze meti oqro misca, xolo keisars Tavisi<br />

spa gaugzavna da waarTva lazia, trapizoni, <strong>li</strong>moni,<br />

samsoni, paflagonia da pontos adgilebi. am adgilebs SemdgomSi<br />

trapizonis samefo uwoda da qarTvelTa naTesavs,<br />

aleqsi komnins Caabara (11. w.I, gv.343).<br />

ucxoe<strong>li</strong> mogzaurebi (XIII-XVss.) mogviTxroben: `qar-<br />

Tvelebi lamazi, Z<strong>li</strong>eri da gabedu<strong>li</strong> xalxia. aqvT gamagrebu<strong>li</strong><br />

cixe-simagreebi, hyavT didi da Z<strong>li</strong>eri jari. miuxedavad<br />

imisa, rom es xalxi yove<strong>li</strong> mxridan urjuloebiTaa<br />

garSemortymu<strong>li</strong>, maTi mainc eSiniaT. giorgielebs uwodeben,<br />

radgan gansakuTrebiT Tayvans scemen wmida giorgis,<br />

rome<strong>li</strong>c TavianT mfarvelad miaCniaT. ierusa<strong>li</strong>mSi bevri<br />

qarTve<strong>li</strong> cxovrobs. iq maT bevri siwminde aqvT. golgo-<br />

Tas ganageben (igu<strong>li</strong>sxmeba macxovris aRdgomis taZari,<br />

rome<strong>li</strong>c macxovris saflavsa da golgoTasac moicavs).<br />

wmida saflavis eklesiis gasaRebi qarTvelebs aqvT da isini<br />

didZa<strong>li</strong> fu<strong>li</strong>saTvisac ar Seelevian saflavis qvis natexsac<br />

ki. wmida miwaze, ierusa<strong>li</strong>mSi aqlemebsa da cxenebze<br />

amxedrebulebi maRla aweu<strong>li</strong> droSebiT sazeimod Sedian.<br />

sulTans gadasaxads ar uxdian. Turqebs maTi metad eSiniaT.<br />

sarkinozebi araviTar usiamovnebas ar ayeneben, radgan<br />

ician, rom roca qarTvelebi TavianT qveyanaSi dabrundebian,<br />

usjuloebs (musulmanebs) uaresad moepyrobian. RvTismo-<br />

SiSi xalxia. maTi ber-monazvnebi mudmivad wmida saflavis<br />

taZrSi imyofebian~ (3. gv.299).<br />

egviptel sulTnebTan berZen mefeTa omis dros, roca<br />

ierusa<strong>li</strong>mis monastrebs saboloo ganadgurebis safrTxe<br />

daemuqra, iveriis mefeebma, rogorc egviptis sulTnebis<br />

megobrebma, es monastrebi SeinarCunes, daZvelebulebi ki<br />

aRadgines. TviT musulmanur samyaros aRmosavleTis wmida<br />

adgilebis damcvelebad yovelTvis mamaci qarTvelebi da maTi<br />

mefeebi miaCndaT. isini saqarTvelos diad da Z<strong>li</strong>er qveyanad<br />

miiCnevdnen. es rom asea Tundac iqedan Cans, rom rodesac<br />

somexTa episkoposi martirosi (XVs.) didZa<strong>li</strong> fu<strong>li</strong>Ta<br />

da saCuqrebiT egvipteSi gaemgzavra qarTvelebisaTvis ierusa<strong>li</strong>mSi<br />

macxovris aRdgomis taZris wasarTmevad, egviptis<br />

sulTans urCevia misTvis macxovris taZars sabolood<br />

gamoTxoveboda da qarTvelebs nu Seecileboda, radganac<br />

qarTvel berebs zurgs maTi mefeebi umagrebdnen. egvipte<strong>li</strong><br />

sulTnebi qarTvel mefeebs aseT xotbas asxamdnen: `alahma<br />

dRegrZe<strong>li</strong> hyos misi udidebulesobis brwyinvaleba, diadisa,<br />

mamacisa, uSiSarisa, Zlevamosi<strong>li</strong>sa, <strong>ieso</strong>s re<strong>li</strong>giis<br />

burjisa, qveSevrdomTa mimarT samarT<strong>li</strong>anisa, berZen mefeTa<br />

Soris umjobesisa, Semwesi romis papisa, musulmanTa megobrisa,<br />

uaxloes megobrebs Soris uSesaniSnavesisa, mefeTa da<br />

sulTanTa uwrfelesi megobrisa~ (3. gv.301).<br />

`naxevarze meti imisa, rasac berZnebi flobdnen wmida<br />

miwaze, Tavdapirvelad qarTvelebs ekuTvnodaT. qarTvelebma<br />

bevri iomes mahmadianebTan wmida miwis dasacavad, arc erT<br />

qveyanas ar SeeZlo imaze meti, rac saqarTvelom gaakeTa...<br />

qarTu<strong>li</strong> eklesiis mTel istoriaSi ver SevZe<strong>li</strong> momeZebna ber-<br />

− 106 − − 107 −

---

ZenTa qvelmoqmedebis Tundac erTi maga<strong>li</strong>Ti~ (45. gv.117).<br />

qarTvelebi rom marTlmadideblobis damcvelni iyvnen,<br />

ita<strong>li</strong>aSi Catarebulma `msof<strong>li</strong>o~ saeklesio krebamac<br />

uCvena (1437-1439). saeklesio kreba (1437-1439),Krome<strong>li</strong>c<br />

,,ferara-florenciis~ saxe<strong>li</strong>Taa cnobi<strong>li</strong>, miznad isaxavda<br />

kaTo<strong>li</strong>kuri da marTlmadidebluri eklesiebis gaerTianebas.<br />

papma yvela zomas mimarTa, raTa aeZulebina aRmosavleTis<br />

eklesiis warmomadgenlebi, ecnoT eklesiebis gaerTianeba<br />

papis meTaurobiT. mosyidva, faru<strong>li</strong> da aSkara Zaldataneba,<br />

sapyrobileSi Casma, mowamvla – yvelaferi iyo gamoyenebu<strong>li</strong><br />

dasaxu<strong>li</strong> miznis misaRwevad. unias (gaerTianebas) xe<strong>li</strong><br />

moawera TiTqmis yvela monawilem, maT Soris berZenTa imperatorma,<br />

patriarqma da berZnu<strong>li</strong> eklesiis wevrebmac. aseve<br />

xe<strong>li</strong> moawera ruseTis mitropo<strong>li</strong>tma isidorem, risTvisac<br />

kievSi dabrunebu<strong>li</strong>, xalxma gaaZeva. florencia-feraras krebaze<br />

saqarTvelom gaagzavna sami warmomadgene<strong>li</strong>: Tbi<strong>li</strong>smang<strong>li</strong>sis<br />

episkoposebi grigo<strong>li</strong> da iovane da warCinebu<strong>li</strong><br />

Tavadi, rom<strong>li</strong>s saxe<strong>li</strong> ucnobia. unias xe<strong>li</strong> ar moawera<br />

monawileTa mcire jgufma, maT Soris iyvnen wmida didi mama<br />

markoz efese<strong>li</strong> da qarTvelebi. qarTvelebi bolomde darCnen<br />

mtkiced. araviTar daTmobaze ar wasulan da xe<strong>li</strong> ar<br />

moaweres samarcxvino SeerTebas. erT-erTi qarTve<strong>li</strong> wargzavni<strong>li</strong><br />

– episkoposi grigo<strong>li</strong> ganerida Zaladobas, gaiqca<br />

krebidan da dabrunda samSobloSi. meorem – episkoposma<br />

ioanem, gadaicva maTxovris samosi, aiRo saqarTvelodan<br />

Camotani<strong>li</strong> fu<strong>li</strong>, mimodioda ita<strong>li</strong>aSi da yvelgan qadagebda<br />

pap evgenis danaSaulebriv saqmianobaze, amxelda mis<br />

codvebs. Tavadma ki papis daJinebul moTxovnas brZnu<strong>li</strong> pasuxi<br />

gasca: `<strong>Cveni</strong> eklesia Za<strong>li</strong>an mtkiced icavs uf<strong>li</strong>s, <strong>ieso</strong><br />

<strong>qriste</strong>s, TiToeul mcnebas, aseve wmida mociqulTa tradicie-<br />

bs. arasodes gadagvixvevia, arc araferi dagvimatebia. ma-<br />

Sin rodesac romis eklesiam mrava<strong>li</strong> daumata da sabolood<br />

wmida mamebis swavlebas Za<strong>li</strong>an daSorda, ris gamoc Cven<br />

Tqvens eklesias CamovSordiT. Tqven gsurT Tqveni kanonebi<br />

Cven Tavs mogvaxvioT. arafris daTmoba ar gsurT. amitom<br />

Cvenma delegaciam uniis miReba uaryo. papma pasuxi simwriT<br />

moismina da gancvifrebu<strong>li</strong> gaCumda. bizantiis warmomadgenlebma<br />

,,unias~ xe<strong>li</strong> moaweres, imitom rom romis papi<br />

osmalebTan brZolaSi daxmarebas pirdeboda, magram maT realuri<br />

daxmareba papisgan ar miuRiaT. 1453 w<strong>li</strong>s 28 maiss<br />

konstantinopo<strong>li</strong> daeca. osmalTa sulTanma mehmed II-m sabolood<br />

waSala bizantiis imperia. osmaleTis mezoblad erTi<br />

marTlmadidebe<strong>li</strong> saxelmwifo, saqarTvelo iyo darCeni<strong>li</strong>,<br />

rom<strong>li</strong>s dapyroba osmaleTma ver moaxerxa. saqarTvelos<br />

qristianobis erTguleba icavda (5. t.II, gv.249); (60).<br />

Tavis droze, ueWvelad daiwereba marTa<strong>li</strong> istoria aRmosavleTSi<br />

qarTvelTa Tavganwiru<strong>li</strong> moRvaweobis Sesaxeb<br />

da maSin qristianu<strong>li</strong> samyaro gaocdeba im umZimesi ro<strong>li</strong>s<br />

gamo, rome<strong>li</strong>c uf<strong>li</strong>s gangebiT daekisraT qarTvelebs<br />

aRmosavleTis wmida adgilebisa da qristianobis dacvis<br />

saqmeSi, gaocdeba, Tu rogor SeZlo patara saqarTvelom<br />

uf<strong>li</strong>s wmida sakurTxevelze amdeni msxverp<strong>li</strong>s mitana. mar-<br />

Tlmadidebe<strong>li</strong> saqarTvelo, musulmanuri okeanis SuagulSi,<br />

Tanadgomis gareSe, xSirad musulmanebs erTdroulad sam<br />

frontze ebrZoda da zeadamianuri Za<strong>li</strong>T RmerTs mindobi<strong>li</strong><br />

imarjvebda. qarTulma eklesiam kacobriobis istoriaSi<br />

udidesi da wmida misia Seasrula (3. gv.83).<br />

− 108 − − 109 −

---

ierusa<strong>li</strong>mis wmida jvris monasteri<br />

uZvelesi droidan moyolebu<strong>li</strong> jvris monasteri qarTvelTa<br />

monastris saxe<strong>li</strong>Taa cnobi<strong>li</strong>. igi sazRvargareTis<br />

qarTul savaneTa Soris uZvelesia. mirian mefem jvris monastris<br />

asaSenebe<strong>li</strong> adgi<strong>li</strong> imperator konstantine didisgan<br />

saCuqrad miiRo, razec metyvelebs mirian mefis freska jvris<br />

monastris kedelze. samonastro adgi<strong>li</strong> rom SemTxveviT<br />

ar SeirCa, amis damadastureblad is katakombebic gamodgeba,<br />

romlebic uZvelesi droidan qarTvel monazonTa saZvale<br />

iyo. igi jvris monastris zeTis xi<strong>li</strong>s baRSia da ax. w.<br />

pirve<strong>li</strong> saukuneebiT TariRdeba. arqeologiur monacemebze<br />

dayrdnobiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom pirvel saukuneebSi am<br />

adgilas qarTvelebs samlocvelo mainc hqondaT, sadac V<br />

saukuneSi SesaniSnavi jvris taZari aSenda.<br />

gadmocemis mixedviT, am adgilas abraamis Zmiswul loTs<br />

sami xe _ saro, fiWvi da naZvi daurgavs. droTa ganmavlobaSi<br />

isini saswaulebrivad SeerTebula da erTi didi xe<br />

aRmocenebula. swored am xisgan gakeTda jvari, romelzec<br />

macxovari <strong>Cveni</strong> <strong>ieso</strong> <strong>qriste</strong> gaakres.<br />

jvris monasteri vaxtang mefis finansuri daxmarebiT<br />

daaarsa qarTvelma saeklesio moRvawem, egviptesa da palestinaSi<br />

eklesia-monastrebis maSenebelma petre iberielma (V s.)<br />

sanam uf<strong>li</strong>s SemweobiT petre iberi monastris mSeneblobas<br />

daiwyebda, mZimed daavadda. mas win eSmaki daudga<br />

da uTxra: `hxedav ra mdgomareobaSi Cagayena iman, visi erTgu<strong>li</strong>c<br />

xar da visi gu<strong>li</strong>sTvisac yvelaferi gaswire? axla<br />

mis winaaRmdeg erTi sityva Tqvi da avadmyofobisagan ga-<br />

Tavisufldebi~. ,,Seni saqmis qmnas mirCev me? <strong>qriste</strong>s Zalam<br />

wmidanebis ioane damaske<strong>li</strong>sa da maqsime aRmsareb<strong>li</strong>s fexebTan<br />

mogspos Sen,~ _ Serisxa petrem. rogorc ki eSmakma <strong>qriste</strong>s<br />

mavedreb<strong>li</strong>s pozaSi, saxiT ioane damaske<strong>li</strong>sken daxatu<strong>li</strong>a SoTa<br />

rusTave<strong>li</strong>. freskaze warwera: `amis damxatavi SoTa Seiwyalen RmerTman,<br />

− 110 − amin! − rusTave<strong>li</strong>~.<br />

111 −

---

saxe<strong>li</strong> gaigona, maSinve boroti igi kvamlad iqca da gauCinarda.<br />

petrem tiri<strong>li</strong> daiwyo, cremlebiT da oxvriT mouwoda<br />

ufals. maSin ufa<strong>li</strong> gamoecxada petres da uTxra: `ratom<br />

SfoTav, gana ar ici rom sicocx<strong>li</strong>sa da sikvdi<strong>li</strong>s<br />

ufleba me maqvs da aseve Cems xelSia Seni sikvdil-sicocxle?<br />

Tu Sen swuxar imis gamo, rom rac Caifiqre, is aRTqma<br />

ver aRasrule da, rac adre moindome, is danapirebi taZari<br />

ver amige, aRapyar Tvalni da ixile!~ da man aixeda Tu ara<br />

zecaSi, dainaxa mSvenieri da saucxoo eklesia, sinaT<strong>li</strong>Ta<br />

da didebulebiT aRsavse ...aha ixile eklesia, rom<strong>li</strong>s aSenebasac<br />

dampirdi~ (51. gv.108-109).<br />

VI saukuneSi jvris monasteri imdenad mniSvnelovani<br />

iyo, rom mas ierusa<strong>li</strong>mis 4 monasters Soris asaxelebdnen.<br />

esenia: uf<strong>li</strong>s saflavi, aRdgomis, wmida iakobis da jvris<br />

monasteri. sparselebisa da arabebis batonobis xanaSi jvris<br />

monasteri ramdenjerme daingra, XI saukunis dasawyisisaTvis<br />

ki mT<strong>li</strong>anad dangreu<strong>li</strong> iyo. igi aRadgina giorgi<br />

proxorem ierusa<strong>li</strong>mis sapatriarqos TanxmobiT da mefis,<br />

bagrat III-is (980-1044) finansuri daxmarebiT.<br />

1400 w. jvris monasteri kvlav auoxrebiaT, magram<br />

saqarTvelodan miRebu<strong>li</strong> SemowirulobebiT igi swrafad<br />

aRudgeniaT. egviptis mamluqTa batonobis xanaSi, rome<strong>li</strong>c<br />

1517 wlamde gagrZelda, qarTvelTa gavlenam palestinaSi<br />

Tavis zenits miaRwia. marTa<strong>li</strong>a mamluqebi gamahmadianebu<strong>li</strong><br />

qarTvelebi iyvnen, magram gu<strong>li</strong>T WeSmarit qarTvelebad<br />

rCebodnen. TurqTa mmarTvelobis dawyebasTan erTad (1551)<br />

palestinaSi qarTvelebis Z<strong>li</strong>ereba TandaTan sustdeba.<br />

1651 wels Turqebma gadawyvites qarTvelTaTvis jvris<br />

monasteri CamoerTmiaT da meCeTad gadaekeTebiaT, magram<br />

uzenaesis CareviT, RamiT qariSxals erT-erTi lamazi meCe-<br />

Ti nangrevebad uqcevia. SeSinebulma Turqebma ganzraxvis<br />

ganxorcielebaze xe<strong>li</strong> aiRes.<br />

mahmadianebiT yove<strong>li</strong> mxridan garSemortymu<strong>li</strong> patara,<br />

magram su<strong>li</strong>erad Z<strong>li</strong>eri saqarTvelo XVII s-is damdegamde<br />

axerxebda jvris monastris SenarCunebas. somxebma da ber-<br />

Znebma, romlebic cdilobdnen xelT egdoT qarTvelTa monastrebi,<br />

isargebles saqarTveloSi Seqmni<strong>li</strong> mZime po<strong>li</strong>tikuri<br />

da ekonomikuri mdgomareobiT da TandaTanobiT<br />

daepatronen qarTul eklesia-monastrebs. XVII s-is bolos<br />

jvris monastris berZenTa sapatriarqos gamgeblobaSi<br />

gadasv<strong>li</strong>s Semdegac, pirvel xanebSi, monasterSi mrava<strong>li</strong><br />

qarTve<strong>li</strong> imyofeboda. ufro metic, 1739 wels monasters<br />

qarTve<strong>li</strong> winamZRvari hyavda. Tumca qarTvel berTa ricxvi<br />

TandaTanobiT mcirdeboda da XVIII s-is bolos iq ukve<br />

qarTve<strong>li</strong> berebi aRar moRvaweobdnen, xolo jvris monastris<br />

mdidari bib<strong>li</strong>oTekis naSTebi axlac berZnu<strong>li</strong> sapatriarqos<br />

bib<strong>li</strong>oTekaSi inaxeba (47. gv. 141-156).<br />

arsebobs mosazreba, rom isini, vinc ierusa<strong>li</strong>mel arabebad<br />

iwodebian, im qarTve<strong>li</strong> mxedrebis Camomavalni arian,<br />

romlebic wmida mefe vaxtang gorgasalma samudamod datova<br />

wmida qalaq ierusa<strong>li</strong>mSi jvris monastris dasacavad.<br />

amis Sesaxeb saintereso cnobas gvawvdis cnobi<strong>li</strong> saeklesio<br />

moRvawe p. konWoSvi<strong>li</strong>, romelmac 1899 wels imogzaura<br />

ierusa<strong>li</strong>mSi. igi werda: `jvris monastridan 20 wuTis<br />

savalze, `vardebis velze~, gaS<strong>li</strong><strong>li</strong>a sof. malxa, rom<strong>li</strong>s<br />

mosaxleoba qarTvel kolonistTa Camomava<strong>li</strong>a. kerZod, im<br />

qarTvelTa STamomavlebi arian, romlebic mefe vaxtang gorgasalma<br />

me-5 saukuneSi datova jvris monastris mterTagan<br />

dasacavad. maT dauviwyiaT mSob<strong>li</strong>uri ena, Tumca gadmocemiT<br />

ician, rom STamomavalni arian Soreul CrdiloeTidan gad-<br />

− 112 − − 113 −

---

mosaxlebulTa da TavianT Tavs gurjebs uwodeben. irgv<strong>li</strong>v<br />

mcxovrebi arabebi maT ise uyureben, rogorc mosulsa da<br />

ucxo toms. isini icaven da emsaxurebian jvris monasters,<br />

malxelebi ZiriTadad laparakoben arabulad, magram ician<br />

cotaodeni Turqu<strong>li</strong> da berZnu<strong>li</strong>. malxelebi sargebloben<br />

sakuTari uflebiT daamuSaon monastris mindvrebi da venaxebi.<br />

monasters Semosav<strong>li</strong>s mesameds aZleven. isini ieriT<br />

gansxvavdebian gareSe mcxovrebTa arabis tomisagan, malxelebs<br />

mohyavT vardi, amzadeben vardis wyals aiazmisTvis,<br />

trapezis kurTxevisaTvis da gansabanelad. vardis wyals<br />

gzavnian sru<strong>li</strong>ad palestinaSi da konstantinopo<strong>li</strong>s sapatriarqoSic~<br />

(48. gv.79-80)<br />

aTonis iverTa monasteri<br />

aTonis wmida mTaze, qarTvel mamaTa savane, iverTa monasteri,<br />

X saukunis bolos Tornike erisTavma (xs. 12 ivnisi) da<br />

ioane qarTvelma (xs. 12 iv<strong>li</strong>si) daaarses. iverTa monastris<br />

aRmSeneblobaSi aseve didi wv<strong>li</strong><strong>li</strong> miuZRviT qarTvel wmida<br />

mamebs: gabriel qarTvels (xs. 12 iv<strong>li</strong>si), eqvTime mTawmidels<br />

(xs. 13 maisi) da giorgi maSenebels (xs. 28 iv<strong>li</strong>si).<br />

Rirsi mama ioane, erSi varazvaCe Cordvane<strong>li</strong>, taoe<strong>li</strong><br />

aznauri, saqarTvelos mefis daviT kurapalatis mxedarTmTavari<br />

iyo. mxne, axovani, brZolebSi gamocdi<strong>li</strong>, RvTismoSiSi<br />

da yove<strong>li</strong> saTnoebiT Semku<strong>li</strong>, daviT kurapalats<br />

gamorCeulad uyvarda. ioanem <strong>qriste</strong>s siyvaru<strong>li</strong>saTvis<br />

datova amqveyniuri dideba, ojaxi, naTesavebi, da ,,oTxTa<br />

eklesiis’’ lavras miaSura, sadac monazvnad aRikveca. mamebis<br />

locva-kurTxeviT igi mcire aziaSi, ulumbos mTaze<br />

midis da erT monasterSi jorTa momvlelad dgeba. im dros<br />

bizantiis imperatorma daviT kurapalats tao-klarjeTis<br />

miwebi daubruna, samagierod ki erTgulebis niSnad mZevlad<br />

didaznaurTa Svilebi moiTxova. mZevalTa Soris aRmoCnda<br />

ioanes Ze mcirewlovani eqvTime. ioane eaxla berZenTa<br />

mefes, Svi<strong>li</strong> gamoiTxova da ulumbos mTaze waiyvana. male<br />

ulumbos mTaze xma gavrcelda ioanes didgvarovani warmomavlobis<br />

Sesaxeb, ris gamoc 965 wels man datova ulumbos<br />

mTa da ZesTan da ramdenime mowafesTan erTad aTonis<br />

mTas miaSura, sadac samoRvaweod damkvidrda wmida aTanases<br />

(dediT qarTve<strong>li</strong>) lavraSi. erTxel ymawvi<strong>li</strong> mZimed daavadda.<br />

mamam Svi<strong>li</strong>s gadarCenis imedi dakarga, mRvdelTan<br />

kaci gagzavna da sTxova, momakvdavi eqvTime eziarebina.<br />

TviTon ki yovladwminda RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xatis win daemxo<br />

da crem<strong>li</strong>T mxurvaled Seevedra Svi<strong>li</strong>s gankurnebas. senak-<br />

Si dabrunebisTanave saocari keTilsurneleba SeigrZno.<br />

eqvTime sawolze sru<strong>li</strong>ad janmrTe<strong>li</strong> ijda. yrmam mamas<br />

mouTxro, Tu rogor movida masTan didebu<strong>li</strong> qalbatoni,<br />

xe<strong>li</strong> moxvia da anugeSa: `araviTari vneba SenTan aRar<br />

iqneba. adeqi, nu geSinia da qarTulad unaklod ilaparake~.<br />

am saswaulebrivi gankurnebis Semdeg eqvTime, romelsac bizantiis<br />

karze yofnisas qarTu<strong>li</strong> sul daviwyebu<strong>li</strong> hqonda,<br />

mSob<strong>li</strong>ur enaze Tavisuflad alaparakda. Rirsma mama ioanem<br />

madloba Seswira ufals da Svils auxsna, rom ufa<strong>li</strong><br />

am gamocxadebiT misgan saqarTvelos su<strong>li</strong>erad ganaTlebas<br />

iTxovda, radgan qarTve<strong>li</strong> xalxi sasu<strong>li</strong>ero wignebis did<br />

naklebobas ganicdida. wmida eqvTime siamovnebiT Seudga<br />

mamis brZanebis Sesrulebas. igi Targmnida wmida werils,<br />

wmida mamaTa wignebs da saqarTveloSi agzavnida. daviT<br />

mefe ki madlobda ufals, romelmac qarTvel ers axa<strong>li</strong><br />

oqropiri gamouCina (59. gv.192; 42. gv.7).<br />

− 114 − − 115 −

---

saxelovani mxedarmTavari Tornike erisTavi gamor-<br />

Ceulad uyvarda mefe daviT kurapalats. Tornikem berad<br />

Sedgoma gadawyvita da mama ioanes mosaZebnad aTonis mTaze<br />

gaemgzavra. Tornikem mama ioanes wmida aTanases lavraSi<br />

miagno, sadac male berad aRikveca ioanes saxe<strong>li</strong>T. sul<br />

male wm. aTanases lavraSi imdenma qarTvelma moiyara Tavi,<br />

rom maTTvis aucilebe<strong>li</strong> gaxda damoukidebe<strong>li</strong> monastris<br />

daarseba. netarma mamebma ioanem da ioane Tornik-yofilma<br />

wm. aTanases kurTxeviT didi lavridan erTi mi<strong>li</strong>s daSorebiT<br />

ioane maxareb<strong>li</strong>s saxelze eklesia aaSenes, aages senakebi<br />

da iqve damkvidrdnen. am dros saberZneTis mcirewlovan<br />

mefeebs basil II-s da konstantines mcireazie<strong>li</strong> mmarTve<strong>li</strong>,<br />

barda sk<strong>li</strong>arosi aujanyda. 796 wels man zedized<br />

daamarcxa saimperatoro jarebi da konstantinopols alya<br />

Semoartya. sasowarkveTilma dedofalma Teofaniam gadawyvita<br />

erTmorwmune saqarTvelos mefisTvis miemarTa, risTvisac<br />

man daxmareba ioane Tornik-yofils sTxova. Tavdapirvelad<br />

ioanem dedofals uari SeuTvala, magram wmida<br />

aTanasesa da ioanes daJinebu<strong>li</strong> TxovniT igi samSobloSi<br />

gaemgzavra. 979 wels qarTvelTa TormetaTasianma laSqarma<br />

ioane-Tornikes sardlobiT barda sk<strong>li</strong>arosi sastikad<br />

daamarca da saberZneTidan gandevna. mad<strong>li</strong>erma dedofalma<br />

omSi mopovebu<strong>li</strong> didZa<strong>li</strong> simdidre mT<strong>li</strong>anad Tornike erisTavs<br />

gadasca, am qonebiT qarTvelebma aTonis mTaze kidev<br />

ori eklesia aages yovladwmida RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>sa da wm. ioane<br />

naT<strong>li</strong>smcem<strong>li</strong>s saxelze (980-983), riTac wmida mamebma<br />

ioanem da ioane Tornik-yofilma daasrules aTonze iverTa<br />

monastris mSenebloba. qarTvelma mamebma aseve Seisyides<br />

didi mamulebi, rome<strong>li</strong>c imperatorma oqrobeWdiT daumtkica.<br />

maT didi daxmareba gauwies aTonis mTis sxva monas-<br />

iverTa monastris qarTve<strong>li</strong> wmida mamebi: wmida eqvTime, wmida ioane-<br />

Tornikeyofi<strong>li</strong>, wmida ioane, wmida gabrie<strong>li</strong> iveriis RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s<br />

xatiT xelSi da wmida giorgi mTawmindelebi.<br />

− 116 − − 117 −

---

trebsac. iverTa monastris pirve<strong>li</strong> winamZRvari iyo mama<br />

ioane, rome<strong>li</strong>c qarTvelaTa savanes TxuTmet we<strong>li</strong>wadze met<br />

xans ganagebda (982-998). wm. ioanes gardacvalebis Semdeg<br />

winamZRvari gaxda misi Ze wm. eqvTime (59. gv.154-157).<br />

erTxel mama eqvTimes sTxoves moerjulebina erTi uria,<br />

rome<strong>li</strong>c qristianebs dascinoda. mama eqvTimesTan paeqrobis<br />

Semdeg man kvlav gaagrZela qristianu<strong>li</strong> sarwmunoebis<br />

gmoba, maSin mama eqvTimem igi Serisxa: `daiyavn piri Seni,<br />

bilwo uria~. imave wams urias piri gverdze moeqca da damunjda.<br />

iq myofma sxva uriebma maSinve dauCoqes mama eqv-<br />

Times da kurTxeva sTxoves. mama eqvTimem iloca uriasTvis<br />

da jvari gadasaxa. gankurnebulma da saswau<strong>li</strong>T SeZrulma<br />

uriam <strong>qriste</strong> irwmuna da moinaTla. wm. eqvTimem ToTxmeti<br />

we<strong>li</strong>wadi uwinamZRvra qarTvelTa monasters. mTargmnelobi-<br />

Ti saqmianobisTvis didi dro sWirdeboda, amitom mamis anderZisamebr<br />

winamZRvroba mama giorgi maSenebels gadaabara<br />

(xs. 28 iv<strong>li</strong>si). mama giorgim mefe bagrat kurapalatis finansuri<br />

daxmarebiT aaSena monastris mTavari taZari yovladwmida<br />

RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s miZinebis saxelze. taZris warweraSi<br />

naTqvamia: `me davamtkicen svetni da ukunisamde ara SeiZrnen.<br />

giorgi monazoni, qarTve<strong>li</strong> da maSenebe<strong>li</strong> (42. gv.8-27).<br />

qarTve<strong>li</strong> mamebi XIX saukunemde ganagebdnen mSob<strong>li</strong>ur<br />

savanes. 1820-ian wlebSi aTonis mTa TurqTa jarma daikava.<br />

berZenma berebma gaqceviT uSveles Tavs, umetesobam datova<br />

iverTa monasteri. savaneSi ZiriTadad darCnen qarTve<strong>li</strong> berebi.<br />

im dros dionises monasterSi moRvawe wmida ilarion<br />

qarTve<strong>li</strong>s (yanCave<strong>li</strong>) SemweobiT TurqTa jaris sardalma,<br />

warmoSobiT qarTvelma faSam (Wyoniam, romelmac ilarion<br />

qarTvels uTxra, rom igi aTone<strong>li</strong> mamebis amosawyvetad<br />

iyo mosu<strong>li</strong>) ara marto iverTa monasteri, aseve aTonis<br />

sxva savaneebic daindo. omis dasrulebis Semdeg berZeni sam-<br />

Rvdeloeba aTonze dabrunda da qarTvel berebs mSob<strong>li</strong>uri,<br />

iverT savane sabolood daatovebines. dRes, samwuxarod,<br />

iverTa monasterSi arc erTi qarTve<strong>li</strong> beri ar moRvaweobs.<br />

iverTa monastris sakvirvelTmoqmedi kande<strong>li</strong><br />

iverTa monastris RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s miZinebis saxelobis<br />

taZarSi samefo karis win kidia vercx<strong>li</strong>s uZvelesi kande<strong>li</strong>.<br />

kande<strong>li</strong> warmoadgens xilul saocrebas, radgan igi TavisiT<br />

moZraobs ritmulad da horizontalurad didi xnis<br />

ganmavlobaSi. dResaswaulebze, metwilad kande<strong>li</strong> moZraobs<br />

RamisTevis dros. gadmocemis mixedviT, kande<strong>li</strong>s moZraoba<br />

niSania imisa, rom RvTismSobe<strong>li</strong> am dros Tavis taZarSia<br />

da iq myofebTan erTad zeimobs. kande<strong>li</strong> Cveulebriv dReebSi<br />

moZraobs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki raime ubedurebaa<br />

mosalodne<strong>li</strong>, raTa locviTa da sinanu<strong>li</strong>T gamovisyidoT<br />

<strong>Cveni</strong> Secodebani RvTis winaSe da SeZlebisdagvarad avicdinoT<br />

momava<strong>li</strong> ubedureba. mag. Turqebis jarebis kviprosze<br />

Tavdasxmis wina dReebSi kande<strong>li</strong> ise Z<strong>li</strong>erad moZraobda,<br />

rom zeTi Zirs iRvreboda. iverTa monastris mamebi yuradRebiT<br />

adevneben Tvals sakvirvelmoqmed kandels. roca<br />

igi Cveulebriv dReebSi gansakuTrebiT Z<strong>li</strong>erad iwyebs moZraobas,<br />

dauyovneb<strong>li</strong>v acnobeben xolme gandegil mamebs<br />

da aTonis mTis yvela monasters, ris Semdegac aRev<strong>li</strong>neba<br />

erTob<strong>li</strong>vi savedrebe<strong>li</strong> locva yovladwmida RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>sadmi.<br />

es saocari kande<strong>li</strong> dasturia imisa, rom ufa<strong>li</strong> da<br />

misi yovladwmida deda mudam Cvens gverdiT imyofebian da<br />

ar gvtoveben umZimes gansacde<strong>li</strong>s drosac ki (23. gv.32).<br />

iveriis RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xatis saswaulebrivad gamoCenis<br />

Sesaxeb aTonis mTaze Semdegi gadmocema arsebobs. VIII-IX<br />

saukuneebSi bizantiaSi xatmebrZoloba mZvinvarebda. ipera-<br />

− 118 − − 119 −

---

tor Teofiles brZanebiT meomrebi gadamalul xatebs anadgurebdnen.<br />

mcire aziaSi, qalaq nikeis maxloblad, mdidari,<br />

saTno, qvelmoqmedi, qarTve<strong>li</strong> qa<strong>li</strong> cxovrobda. mas<br />

erTaderTi vaJi hyavda. meomrebma qvrivis saxlSi RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s<br />

saswaulTmoqmedi xati ipoves. erT-erTma maTganma xats<br />

saxeze maxvi<strong>li</strong> daartya da Tqva: `Tu xati saswaulTmoqmedia,<br />

sisx<strong>li</strong> wamouvides. naiarevidan sisxlma ifeTqa. gadmocemiT<br />

meomari, romelmac xats maxvi<strong>li</strong> Casca, sinanu<strong>li</strong>T<br />

daemxo mis winaSe da Semdgom monazvnad aRikveca. qvrivi<br />

mTe<strong>li</strong> Rame loculobda xatis win, di<strong>li</strong>T ki zRvaSi CauSva<br />

da dedaRvTisas SesTxova misi dacva. xati zRvis talRebze<br />

aRmarTu<strong>li</strong> dasavleTisaken gaemarTa. qvrivis vaJi aTonis<br />

mTaze gaemgzavra da iverTa monasterSi berad aRikveca. berebma<br />

misgan Seityves q. nikeaSi momxdari saswau<strong>li</strong>s Sesaxeb.<br />

gavida xani. erTxel (XI s), saRamos, aTonis mTis berebma<br />

zRvaze naT<strong>li</strong>s sveti ixiles. RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xats zeciuri<br />

naTe<strong>li</strong> adga. rogorc ki berebma daapires xatis zRvidan<br />

gamotana, igi napirs moSorda. ase rom, berebma xatis gamobrZaneba<br />

ver SeZles. RvTismSobe<strong>li</strong> iverTa monastris bers,<br />

gabriels, gmoecxada da uTxra: `Semodi zRvaSi, talRebze<br />

rwmeniT gaiare dae, yvelam ixilos Cemi siyvaru<strong>li</strong> da wyaloba<br />

(qarTvelTa) iverTa monastrisadmi~. gabriel qarTve<strong>li</strong><br />

WeSmaritad iyo `kaci zecisa da angelozi qveynisa~.<br />

zafxulobiT igi miuval kldeebSi cxovrobda, zamTrobiT<br />

ki monasterSi midioda da iqac mdumarebis RvawlSi imyofeboda.<br />

marTlac, gabrielma talRebze ise gaiara, rogorc<br />

xmeleTze. xati mas TviTon miuaxlovda. gabrielma xati napirze<br />

gamoabrZana. es saswau<strong>li</strong> brwyinvale Svideu<strong>li</strong>s sam-<br />

SabaTs aResrula. im adgilas, sadac xati daabrZanes civma<br />

da saamo wyarom amoxeTqa. xati iverTa monastris sakurTx-<br />

evelSi daabrZanes. meore di<strong>li</strong>T kande<strong>li</strong>s asanTebad misul<br />

bers xati iq ar daxvda. SeSinebulma berebma, bevri Zebnis<br />

Semdeg, xati monastris karibWis kedelze aRmoaCines. xati<br />

isev sakurTxevelSi SeabrZanes. ase ganmeorda ramdenjerme.<br />

RvTismSobe<strong>li</strong> gabriels gamoecxada da uTxra, rom mas maTi<br />

dacva ar sWirdeboda. piriqiT, Tavad surda monastris da<br />

saqarTvelos mfarveloba exlac da momavalSic. aTonis<br />

mTaze moRvawe udidesma wmidanma, nilos mironmdinarem<br />

(XVI s.) iwinaswarmetyvela, rodesac aTonis mTaze uwminduroba<br />

gamefdeba, berebma saswrafod unda datovon aTonis<br />

mTa, radganac igi zRvaSi dainTqmeba, iveriis yovladwmida<br />

RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xati ki datovebs aTonis mTas. igi gauCinardeba<br />

iseTive iduma<strong>li</strong> gziT, rogorc movida. sof<strong>li</strong>s<br />

aRsasru<strong>li</strong>sa da uf<strong>li</strong>s meored mosv<strong>li</strong>s erT-erTi niSani<br />

swored es iqneba (23. gv.20-23; 64. gv.124).<br />

aTonis mTaze yofnisas saqarTvelos kaTo<strong>li</strong>kos-patriarqma<br />

i<strong>li</strong>a II-m, iverTa monastris molocvis Semdeg, ganacxada:<br />

`iveriis RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xats ukve velodebiT saqarTveloSi~.<br />

saqarTvelos didi su<strong>li</strong>eri da kulturu<strong>li</strong> gavlena<br />

hqonda qristianul qveynebze.<br />

rogorc ruseTSi, ise aRmosavleTSi qarTul RvTismsaxurebas<br />

didad afasebdnen. pavle alapoelma (XVII s.) moskov-<br />

Si patriarqebisa da mefis TandaswrebiT saRmrTo <strong>li</strong>turgiaze<br />

saxareba qarTul enaze waikiTxa. eWvgareSea, warmoSobiT<br />

arabma, mTavardiakonma, pavle alapoelma qarTu<strong>li</strong> antioqiaSi<br />

iswavla, sadac qarTu<strong>li</strong> saRvTismetyvelo ena didad<br />

miRebu<strong>li</strong> iyo (3. gv.319).<br />

XX saukuneSi moRvawe didi aTone<strong>li</strong> mama paisi gansakuTrebul<br />

pativs scemda qarTvelebs. man saqarTveloSi mogzaurobis<br />

Semdeg aTonis mTis mamebs ganucxada, rom wirvis<br />

− 120 − − 121 −

---

Catareba qarTvelebisagan unda iswavlon. beri paisi warmo-<br />

SobiT kabadokie<strong>li</strong> iyo. mas ar SeiZleba ar scodnoda, rom<br />

kabadokia igive mesxeTi-qarTvelTa qveyana iyo.<br />

ruseTSi taZrebis moxatva aTonis mTis iverTa monastris<br />

nimuSebiT xdeboda. qarTu<strong>li</strong> xatwera Sinaarsobrivad<br />

saocrad Rrmaa da daxvewi<strong>li</strong>. misTvis mTavari iyo mlocvelSi<br />

aReZra locvis ganwyobileba, gamoexata su<strong>li</strong>eri da<br />

ara materialuri silamaze. arsebobs gadmocema, rom mavani<br />

locviT evedreboda ufals, eCvenebina misTvis, rogori<br />

iyo igi xorcSesxmu<strong>li</strong>. idumalma xmam daJinebul mlocvels<br />

gamoucxada: `wadi aTonis mTaze, iverTa monasterSi da iq,<br />

taZris karibWesTan naxav mTe<strong>li</strong> taniT Cems gamosaxulebas.<br />

Sexede mas! ai, aseTi var me xorcSesxmu<strong>li</strong>~ (3. gv.321).<br />

Cven is xalxi varT, vinc SevinarCuneT msof<strong>li</strong>os<br />

uZvelesi mzis sagalobe<strong>li</strong>. am sagalobels qarTvelebi<br />

jer kidev 6-7 aTasi w<strong>li</strong>s win mRerodnen, rodesac <strong>Cveni</strong><br />

winaprebi, qaldevelebi, mesopotamiaSi samoTxis mdinareebis,<br />

evfratisa da tigrosis napirebze cxovrobdnen. qarTvelma<br />

xalxma berZnebisagan imitom ar gadaiRo erTxmiani<br />

saeklesio galoba, rogorc es gaakeTes erovnu<strong>li</strong> musikis<br />

ar mqone somxebma, rom maT odiTganve hqondaT sakuTari,<br />

ukve aTaseu<strong>li</strong> wlebis ganmavlobaSi damuSavebu<strong>li</strong> da daxvewi<strong>li</strong><br />

mravalxmiani musika. savaraudoa, rom samxmiani<br />

melodiuri galoba bulgarelebma da rusebma qarTvelebisagan<br />

gadaiRes. (3. gv.316).<br />

aTonis mTaze aJRerebu<strong>li</strong> qarTu<strong>li</strong> saeklesio sagaloblebis<br />

mosmenis Semdeg aTonis mTis berebs uTqvamT: `am<br />

sagaloblebidan kavkasiis mTebis sidiade modis. qarTulma<br />

galobam imdenad didi STabeWdileba moaxdina Cvenze, rom<br />

ver mivxvdiT angelozebi galobdnen Tu adamianebi. es ga-<br />

loba RmerTamde migiyvans~ (sapatriarqos uwyebani, 22 iv<strong>li</strong>si<br />

_ 4agvisto, 2010w. )<br />

2010 w<strong>li</strong>s 25 agvistos varZiis samonastro kompleqsis<br />

daTva<strong>li</strong>erebis Semdeg kviproselma stumrebma aRniSnes, rom<br />

maT msgavsi silamaze da RvTiuri mad<strong>li</strong>T aRvsi<strong>li</strong> wmida<br />

adgi<strong>li</strong> msof<strong>li</strong>oSi ar egulebaT.<br />

`Cven dRes gavicaniT adamianebi, romlebic WeSmarit<br />

samonastro cxovrebas ewevian. cota ar iyos Segvrcxva kidec,<br />

radganac Cven Soris didi gansxvaveba davinaxe. es Seudarebe<strong>li</strong><br />

gansxvavebaa. SiSis gancdac ki dameufla imis warmodgenisas,<br />

rom ufa<strong>li</strong> am adamianebs Segvadarebs gankiTxvis<br />

Jams~ – aRniSna dekanozma kiriakosma.<br />

zogi ram qarTu<strong>li</strong> tixru<strong>li</strong> minanqris Sesaxeb<br />

zogierTi mkvlevaris damokidebuleba qarTu<strong>li</strong> minanqrisadmi<br />

mkafiod ar aris gamokveTi<strong>li</strong>, rasac xe<strong>li</strong> Seuwyo im<br />

faqtma, rom saukeTesos Seuswavlelad bizantiurs akuTvnebdnen,<br />

xolo rac nakleb Rirebulad miaCndaT qarTulad naTlavdnen.<br />

qarTul tixrul minanqars marTlac bevri ram akav-<br />

Sirebs bizantiurTan, Tumca bizantiurisgan gansxvavebiT,<br />

igi TavisTavadi, damoukidebe<strong>li</strong>, originaluri xelovnebaa.<br />

misi koleqcia ki erT-erTi saukeTeso msof<strong>li</strong>oSi.<br />

specia<strong>li</strong>stebis azriT bizantiurisgan gansxvavebiT qar-<br />

Tu<strong>li</strong> nimuSebSi saocari dinamikaa. misTvis damaxasiaTebe<strong>li</strong>a<br />

saxeTa gansakuTrebu<strong>li</strong> sicxovele, <strong>li</strong>rizmi, uSualoba<br />

da kanis moRvinisfro elferi. minanqarze gamosaxu<strong>li</strong> saxeebi<br />

metyve<strong>li</strong>a. maT ukvirT, uxariaT, fiqroben, sevdiani<br />

mzera aqvT. mogviTxroben sakuTar gamarjvebaze Tu marcxze.<br />

erTi sityviT qarTu<strong>li</strong> tixru<strong>li</strong> minanqrebidan icqirebian<br />

− 122 − − 123 −

---

<strong>qriste</strong> yov<strong>li</strong>smpyrobe<strong>li</strong>, tixru<strong>li</strong> minanqari X s.<br />

cocxa<strong>li</strong> saxeebi, bizantiurisagan gansxvavebiT. qarTu<strong>li</strong><br />

minanqrebi garda imisa, rom mxatvrulad Zalze gamomsaxve<strong>li</strong>a<br />

mas bada<strong>li</strong> ar hyavs minanqrebis mravalferovnebiT,<br />

ferTa gamiT da raodenobiTac. (64. gv. 29)<br />

X saukunis qarTul saminanqro xelovnebaSi mniSvnelovani<br />

cv<strong>li</strong>leba moxda minanqrovani foni oqros fonma<br />

Secvala e. w. `CaZirulma minanqarma~, ramac xe<strong>li</strong> Seuwyo<br />

gamosaxulebis ukeT gamovlenas. amgvari bizantiuri minanqrebi<br />

odnav gviania. ing<strong>li</strong>se<strong>li</strong> mecnieris devid baqtonis<br />

azriT maTze gavlena qarTul `CaZiru<strong>li</strong> minanqris~ teqnikas<br />

mouxdenia (49).<br />

saqveynod ganTqmu<strong>li</strong>a xaxu<strong>li</strong>s RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xati,<br />

rome<strong>li</strong>c msof<strong>li</strong>oSi yvelaze didi zomis tixru<strong>li</strong> minanaqaria<br />

(116sm da 95sm). RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xati, rom<strong>li</strong>sganac<br />

dRes mxolod saxe da xelebia SemorCeni<strong>li</strong>, yuradRebas<br />

ipyrobs ara marto imiT rom es fragmentebi yvelaze<br />

didi minanqrebia msof<strong>li</strong>oSi, aramed Tavisi araCveulebrivi<br />

mo<strong>li</strong><strong>li</strong>sfro-moiasamnisfro vardisferi feriTac. xaxu<strong>li</strong>s<br />

karedi ki gvancvifrebs unatifesi minanqrebis simrav<strong>li</strong>T<br />

(100-ze meti firfita, VIII saukunidan moyolebu<strong>li</strong> XII<br />

saukunis CaTv<strong>li</strong>T), risTvisac mas `tixru<strong>li</strong> minanqrebis<br />

muzeumi~ uwodes. xaxu<strong>li</strong>s RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s kareds ara Tu<br />

utoleben veneciis pala d’oros (saqveynod cnobi<strong>li</strong> pala<br />

d’oro veneciis san-markos taZarSia aRmarTu<strong>li</strong>), aramed ,<br />

rogorc unikalurs, namdvil Sedevrs, calke ganixilaven<br />

(64. gv.28-31). Sveicarie<strong>li</strong> mecnieris daniel turis azriT<br />

`saqarTveloa is qveyana, sadac minanqris unatifesi<br />

da urTulesi saxeoba tixru<strong>li</strong> minanqris xelovneba warmoiqmna,<br />

bizantia ki misi memkvidrea.~ (49).<br />

qarTve<strong>li</strong> ber-monazvnebi siriaSi, palestinaSi, sinaze<br />

da sxva adgilebSi TavganwirviT moRvaweobdnen. saqarTvelos<br />

gareT moRvawe wmida mamebze uamravi SeiZleba iTqvas<br />

da daiweros. Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo, msurs cotaodeni mogiTxroT<br />

zogierT maTganze.<br />

wmida petre iberi (411-491)<br />

marTlmadideblobis burji, mnaTobi qarTve<strong>li</strong> erisa,<br />

sicocxleSive wmindanad Seracxu<strong>li</strong> petre iberie<strong>li</strong> (eroba-<br />

Si – murvanozi) daibada 411 wels. mamamisi iyo qarT<strong>li</strong>s<br />

mefe varaz bakuri, deda - bakurduxtia. petres babua dedis<br />

− 124 − − 125 −

---

mxridan iyo bakur didi, bebias erqva duxtia. didi bakuri<br />

- iberTa pirve<strong>li</strong> qristiani mefe da misi meuRle duxtia<br />

miuxedavad mefuri Camomavlobisa monazvnur-asketur cxovrebas<br />

eweodnen. xolo erTmaneTSi dadebu<strong>li</strong> mSvenieri<br />

SeTanxmebis safuZvelze, maT xorcie<strong>li</strong> kavSiri Sewyvites<br />

da dakmayofildnen im SvilebiT, romlebic maT ukve SeeZinaT.<br />

mefe bakuri, garda imisa, rom loculobda da marxvas<br />

mkacrad inaxavda, kviraSi samjer gvida qalaqis eklesias.<br />

glaxakni Za<strong>li</strong>an uyvarda. igi sasaxleSi gaWirvebulTaTvis<br />

sxvadasxvanair saWmelebs amzadebinebda. Semdeg kalaTebiT<br />

Tavad mihqonda glaxakTa TavSesafarSi da SeuZlod myofebs<br />

Tavisi xe<strong>li</strong>T aWmevda.<br />

mefe bakurs sparseTis mefesTan sazavo xelSekruleba<br />

hqonda dadebu<strong>li</strong>. erTxel igi sparsTa mefesTan erTad<br />

salaSqrod gaemarTa. rogorc ki mze amoiwvera, sparsTa mefe<br />

da misi mxleblebi cxenebidan Camoxtnen, raTa mzisTvis Tayvani<br />

ecaT. mxolod mefe bakuri darCa cxenze amxedrebu<strong>li</strong>.<br />

,,me qristiani var da Tayvans vcem mxolod erTaderT WeSmarit<br />

RmerTs, yovelTa Semomqmeds da ara mis mier gaCenil<br />

mzes~, – aRniSna bakur didma... bakuris meuRlem, dedofalma<br />

duxtiam tanT ZaZa Caicva, Zvirfasi samkaulebi gayida da<br />

aRebu<strong>li</strong> Tanxa Raribebs dauriga. mxurvaled mlocvel duxtias<br />

uf<strong>li</strong>sgan kurnebis niWi mieniWa. igi avadmyofs erTi<br />

xe<strong>li</strong>s SexebiT kurnavda. petre iberis bebia mamis mxridan,<br />

osduxtia, xalxs iseT did wmindanad miaCnda, rom rodesac<br />

miwisZvrebis Sedegad dangreu<strong>li</strong> cixe-simagreebis aRdgenas<br />

ver axerxebdnen, mis wminda neSts miitandnen Tu ara da<br />

cixe-simagreSi daasvenebdnen, ngreva maSinve wydeboda. petres<br />

aRmzrde<strong>li</strong> ZuZo RamiT dgeboda da ise gulxurvaled<br />

loculobda, rom masTan mZinare yrmas cremlebs apkureb-<br />

da. petres deda bakurduxtiam meuR<strong>li</strong>s gardacvalebis Semdeg<br />

qalaqi datova da sofelSi gandegi<strong>li</strong>viT cxovrobda.<br />

gaWirvebulebs exmareboda da soflebSi umweoTa TavSesafrebs<br />

agebda. bolos ki monazvnad aRikveca (51. gv.82-87).<br />

petre iberi angelozis xarebiT, `viTarca didi winamorbedi~<br />

miscemia Tavis keTilmorwmune mSoblebs (7. gv.2). qar-<br />

T<strong>li</strong>s mefes, varaz bakurs, uf<strong>li</strong>s angelozi gamoecxada da<br />

auwya, rom mis cols SeeZineboda vaJi, rome<strong>li</strong>c `didi da<br />

sru<strong>li</strong> iqneboda RvTisa da kacTa winaSe~ da uamrav adamians<br />

moaqcevda WeSmarit sarwmunoebaze. ...warmoudga mas<br />

angelozi uf<strong>li</strong>sai brwyinvale da didebu<strong>li</strong>, mosi<strong>li</strong> samose<strong>li</strong>Ta<br />

spetakiTa elvared da brwyinvida piri misi viTarca<br />

mzisTva<strong>li</strong> da hrqua: ` nu geSinia mefe! me var angelozi<br />

uf<strong>li</strong>sai da moviv<strong>li</strong>ne Senda uf<strong>li</strong>sa RmrTisa mier, rameTu<br />

Seismines locvani Senni, da aha miudges co<strong>li</strong> Seni da giSves<br />

Sen Ze, rome<strong>li</strong> iyo did da srul winaSe RmrTisa da kacTa da<br />

mravalni erni RmrTisa moiqcines~ (50. gv.216-217).<br />

yrma farulad ZiZasTan izrdeboda imis SiSiT, rom sparselebs<br />

mZevlad ar waeyvanaT. patara murvanozs wmida werils<br />

3 w<strong>li</strong>s asakidan aswav<strong>li</strong>dnen. 425 wels, 12 w<strong>li</strong>s uf<strong>li</strong>swu<strong>li</strong><br />

bizantiis imperatorma Teodosi mcirem mZevlad moiTxova,<br />

raTa qarTvelTa mefe sparselebs ar mimxroboda. murvanozs<br />

Tan axlda misi gamzrde<strong>li</strong>, Tavisi drois uganaTlebulesi<br />

adamiani, filosofosi ioane lazi, romelsac ganaTleba<br />

miRebu<strong>li</strong> hqonda kolxeTis ritorikul skolaSi (fazisis<br />

umaRlesi filosofiuri skola ax.w. III-IVss. berZnebi<br />

saswavleblad kolxeTSi midiodnen). uf<strong>li</strong>swu<strong>li</strong>s aRzrdaganaTlebas<br />

miTridate lazTan erTad imperatoris meuRle<br />

evdokia xelmZRvanelobda. qarTvel uf<strong>li</strong>swuls Tavisi ni-<br />

WierebiT mefe da sasax<strong>li</strong>s filosofosebi gancvifrebaSi<br />

− 126 − − 127 −

---

sinas mTis wmida ekaterines monastris freskis fragmenti (XIII s).<br />

freskaze gamosaxulni arian wmida petre iberi, wmida ilarion<br />

qarTve<strong>li</strong> da wmida Sio mRvime<strong>li</strong>. freskas amSvenebs warwera –<br />

mnaTobni qarTvelTani.<br />

mohyavda. uf<strong>li</strong>swu<strong>li</strong> drois umetes nawils locvasa da<br />

marxvaSi atarebda. mas garedan amSvenebda mdidru<strong>li</strong> samosi,<br />

SigniT ki ZaZa emosa. sxeu<strong>li</strong>s daTrgunvisaTvis iatakze eZina.<br />

erTxel, sulTmofenobis dResaswaulze, mTe<strong>li</strong> samefo<br />

kari eklesiaSi wavida. murvanozi sasaxleSi darCa da msaxurs<br />

kande<strong>li</strong>saTvis zeTis motana ubrZana. ganawyenebulma<br />

msaxurma, romelsac mis gamo Sin darCena mouxda, brZaneba<br />

ar Seasrula. murvanozma mSvidad aavso kandelebi zeTis<br />

nacvlad wy<strong>li</strong>T, iloca da ufals Semweoba sTxova. moxda<br />

saswau<strong>li</strong>. kandelebi ainTo da Svidi dRis ganmavlobaSi<br />

ar Camqrala. mefem da didebulebma ixiles ra es saswau-<br />

<strong>li</strong>, RmerTi adides. sasax<strong>li</strong>s karze bevrs gauCnda survi<strong>li</strong><br />

masaviT asketurad ecxovra (51. gv.93). erTxel, rodesac<br />

murvanozi maT Soris idga da su<strong>li</strong>s xsnisaTvis samsaxurze<br />

esaubreboda, dainaxa maTTan mdgari ufa<strong>li</strong>, romelsac monazvnis<br />

samosi emosa. qarTve<strong>li</strong> uf<strong>li</strong>swu<strong>li</strong> iatakze daemxo,<br />

ufals fexebze xe<strong>li</strong> mohxvia da tiri<strong>li</strong>T wamoiZaxa: `ufalo,<br />

nu mimatoveb~. mas egona, rom ufals sxvebic xedavdnen,<br />

sinamdvileSi ki marto TviTon xedavda. am gamocxadebis<br />

Semdeg zogierTma iq myofma wuTisofe<strong>li</strong> uaryo da berad<br />

aRikveca (51. gv.94). petre ibers ar izidavda samefo karis<br />

cxovreba da surda Tavi <strong>qriste</strong>sTvis mieZRvna. petresa da<br />

ioane lazs rogorc ki SemTxveva miecaT farulad datoves<br />

konstantinopo<strong>li</strong> da palestinaSi gaiqcnen. gzad, erT-erT<br />

qalaqSi, isini mdevrebma Seipyres da sapyrobileSi Casves. im<br />

Rames didi miwisZvra moxda. qalaqis Tavs ZilSi gamocxadeba<br />

hqonda gaeTavisuflebina tusaRebi Torem mTe<strong>li</strong> qalaqi<br />

Tavze daeqceodaT. SeSinebu<strong>li</strong> qalaqisTavi fexebSi Cauvarda<br />

petre ibersa da ioane lazs da patieba sTxova. igi evedreboda<br />

maT qalaqSi darCenas da aRuTqva, rom nebismier<br />

adgilas monasters auSenebda. magram isini ar darCnen, radgan<br />

maTi gza ierusa<strong>li</strong>misaken midioda (50. gv.226). mematianes<br />

gadmocemiT, ierusa<strong>li</strong>misaken mimavalT Ramis sibneleSi<br />

gzas cecxlovani sveti unaTebdaT, saidanac xma moesmaT:<br />

`eZiebdeT naTelsa, rome<strong>li</strong> gamovida mamisagan naT<strong>li</strong>sa,<br />

da rome<strong>li</strong> eZiebdes mas naTelsa, sasyide<strong>li</strong> srulebiT<br />

miiRos~. gaxarebulebma adides wmida sameba (50. gv.225).<br />

uf<strong>li</strong>swuls Tan hqonda sparsi wmindanebis nawilebi, wmida<br />

saxareba (wigni ioanesi) da cxovelmyofe<strong>li</strong> Ze<strong>li</strong>s nawi<strong>li</strong>.<br />

RmerTma maT gzaSi mrava<strong>li</strong> saswau<strong>li</strong> mouv<strong>li</strong>na. sicocx<strong>li</strong>s<br />

momniWebe<strong>li</strong> jvris am nawils mogzaurobis dros mTe<strong>li</strong><br />

− 128 − − 129 −

---

kviris ganmavlobaSi uxvad sdioda mironi. mgzavrebi zeTs<br />

peSviT iRebdnen da saxesa da tanze icxebdnen (51. gv.98).<br />

ierusa<strong>li</strong>mSi uf<strong>li</strong>swu<strong>li</strong> da misi aRmzrde<strong>li</strong> berebad<br />

aRikvecnen. murvanozs ewoda petre, miTridates – ioane.<br />

petrem da ioanem palestinasa da egvipteSi mrav<strong>li</strong> monasteri<br />

daaarses. monastrebi savse iyo ber-monazvnebiT. isini<br />

brundebodnen samSobloSi da Tan mohqondaT qristianobis<br />

da erovnu<strong>li</strong> grZnobis ganmamtkicebe<strong>li</strong> swavla-moZRvreba<br />

da sasu<strong>li</strong>ero wignebi. qarTvel ber-monazonTa aseTi saTno<br />

moRvaweoba palestinasa da antioqiaSi, sinas mTis, aTonis<br />

mTis da sxva monastrebidan ar Sewyvetila XVIII saukunemde<br />

(27. gv.28). petre da ioane bolos maiumSi (israel-<br />

Si, q. Razis maxloblad) damkvidrdnen, sadac miuxedavad<br />

didi winaaRmdegobisa, petres maiumis episkoposad niSnaven.<br />

petre iberielma xangrZ<strong>li</strong>vi dauRalavi samonastro da<br />

pi<strong>li</strong>grimu<strong>li</strong> moRvaweobiT iseTi saxe<strong>li</strong> gaiTqva, rom mas<br />

siria-palestinisa da egviptis monazonTa burji uwodes.<br />

imdroinde<strong>li</strong> wyaroebi petres ixsenieben rogorc ,,msof<strong>li</strong>oSi<br />

sakvirvelad saxelganTqmul kacs’’, ,,meore mociqul<br />

pavles’’, ,,Cven pavles’’, ,,meore moses’’ (53. gv.259). petre<br />

iberi ara marto monastrebis maSenebe<strong>li</strong>, aramed qristianu<strong>li</strong><br />

filosofiis fuZemdebe<strong>li</strong>c iyo. man amoavso is<br />

xarvezebi, rac antikurma filosofiam ver gadaWra. petre<br />

iberi aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTSi kargad cnobi<strong>li</strong> e.w.<br />

areopagitu<strong>li</strong> Txzulebebis avtoria. areopagitul wignTa<br />

avtorisTvis Seucnobe<strong>li</strong> RmerTi – yove<strong>li</strong>ves mizezi, yove<strong>li</strong>ves<br />

sawyisi da saboloo mizani _ igive qristianu<strong>li</strong><br />

sameba, Tavisi erTarsobiTa da mT<strong>li</strong>anobiT gamouvlene<strong>li</strong><br />

da Seucnobe<strong>li</strong>a, xolo Tavisi sampirovnebiTa da ganyofiT<br />

gamovleni<strong>li</strong> da sacnauri (53. gv.262).<br />

RmerTi absoluturi sikeTea, sisrule, naTe<strong>li</strong>, mSveniereba<br />

da Tavad siyvaru<strong>li</strong>. siyvaru<strong>li</strong>s miRebis unari yvelas<br />

Tanabrad rodi aqvs miniWebu<strong>li</strong>. rac ufro daSorebu<strong>li</strong>a<br />

arsi su<strong>li</strong>er mzes, miT ufro naklebi miRebis unari aqvs<br />

mas. magram am unars sru<strong>li</strong>ad moklebu<strong>li</strong> araferi arsebobs.<br />

siyvaru<strong>li</strong> zesTa sikeTea, amitom boroteba masSi ar aris.<br />

igi RmerTs ar Seuqmnia. boroteba sikeTis naklebobaa. arseboba<br />

TavisTavad ukve sikeTe, mSveniereba da siyvaru<strong>li</strong>a. TviT<br />

eSmaknic ki Tavisi arsiT keTilni arian da ara borotni.<br />

oRond isini imas eswrafvian, rac ar aris maT arsebaSi. isini<br />

arsebobas gaurbian da amiT eswrafvian borotebas. sikeTe<br />

maradiu<strong>li</strong>a, boroteba ki droebiTi. borotebam mcire xniT<br />

gamarjveba SeiZleba izeimos, magram sabolood sikeTe mas<br />

yovelTvis daamarcxebs. (radganac borotebas arseboba ar<br />

gaaCnia), rac RvTis nebiT gardauva<strong>li</strong>a... (53. gv.264).<br />

areopagitu<strong>li</strong> Txzulebebi iTargmna siriul, arabul,<br />

koptur,somxur, laTinur da slavur enebze. Tavidan am TxzulebaTa<br />

avtorad dionise areopagels miiCnevdnen. (igi<br />

cxovrobda ax.w. I saukuneSi, qristianobaze moaqcia pavle<br />

mociqulma). Tumca, TxzulebaTa Sinaarsidan gamomdinare<br />

gaCnda eWvi, rom isini ar SeiZleboda daweri<strong>li</strong> yofi<strong>li</strong>yo<br />

I saukuneebSi. daiwyes namdvi<strong>li</strong> avtoris Zebna. TxuTmeti<br />

saukunis manZilze saidumloebiT mocul avtors pirvelma<br />

Salva nucubiZem miagno. man ganacxada, rom areopagitu<strong>li</strong><br />

Txzulebani Seqmni<strong>li</strong>a ara I, aramed V saukunis II naxevarSi<br />

da misi avtoria petre iberie<strong>li</strong> ( petre qarTve<strong>li</strong>). S. nucubiZis<br />

es aRmoCena misgan damoukideblad daadastura belgielma<br />

mecnierma ernest honigmanma (1892-1954). is werda,<br />

rom am TxzulebaTa avtori V saukunis qarTve<strong>li</strong> episkoposi<br />

petre iberie<strong>li</strong> iyo, rome<strong>li</strong>c Tavis naSromebs dionise are-<br />

− 130 − − 131 −

---

opage<strong>li</strong>s fsevdonimiT aqveynebda (53. gv.260).<br />

filosofosi da RvTismetyve<strong>li</strong> petre iberi Tavisi Rvaw<strong>li</strong>T,<br />

siwmidiT, sibrZniT da qvelmoqmedebiT ganTqmu<strong>li</strong> iyo mTel<br />

qristianul msof<strong>li</strong>oSi. swored misi memkvidreoba daedo safuZvlad<br />

SemdgomSi iseT did kulturul epoqas, rome<strong>li</strong>c renesansis<br />

anu aRorZinebis saxe<strong>li</strong>Taa cnobi<strong>li</strong> (53. gv.59).<br />

petre ibers da ioane lazs saqarTvelosTan mWidro<br />

kavSiri hqondaT. saqarTvelodan CamosulTaTvis mgzavrTa<br />

TavSesafari aaSenes da aRmosavleTSi qarTul mwerlobas<br />

avrcelebdnen. petre iberi siriaSi qarTvelTa skolas xelmZRvanelobda,<br />

sadac ucxoelebic swavlobdnen. savaraudoa,<br />

swavla mimdinareobda qarTul, berZnul da siriul enebze.<br />

petre iberi yvela qristians mouwodebda daecva 3 mcneba.<br />

pirve<strong>li</strong> _ unda gvqondes marTmadidebluri rwmena _ <strong>Cveni</strong><br />

cxovrebisa da xsnis safuZve<strong>li</strong>, rameTu rwmenis gareSe<br />

RmerTs ver mivwvdebiT. meore _ gu<strong>li</strong>Ta da eniT simarTles<br />

vambobdeT, rameTu tyui<strong>li</strong>s sawyisi eSmakia da mesame _ sxeu<strong>li</strong><br />

davicvaT siZvisa da avxorcobis sibinZurisagan, rameTu<br />

wmida werilSi daweri<strong>li</strong>a `wmida iyaviT, rameTu wmida<br />

var me, ufa<strong>li</strong>, Tqveni RmerTi~ (51. gv. 180).<br />

petres mowafis zaqarias cnobiT igi Tavdadebu<strong>li</strong> marTmadidebe<strong>li</strong><br />

iyo. erTxel, wirvis dros, petrem CvenebiT ixila,<br />

rogor ahyavdaT angelozebs zecaSi ufalTan mwvalebelTa<br />

mier wamebu<strong>li</strong> marTlmadideblebis sulebi da ixila<br />

sulni micvalebulni STamavalni qvesknelad jojoxeTad.<br />

rogorc zaqaria qarTve<strong>li</strong> aRniSnavs petre ibers es xilva<br />

uf<strong>li</strong>sagan imitom mieca, rom mas WeSmarit sarwmunoebaSi<br />

ganemtkicebina Tavisi samwyso da mcired morwmuneni (50.<br />

gv.244). mwvaleblebs petres mokvla undodaT, magram mas<br />

moesma uf<strong>li</strong>s xma, romelmac gaafrTxila mkvlelebisTvis<br />

kari ar gaeRo. es xma usjuloebmac gaiges da Tavzardacemulebi<br />

gaiqcnen, xolo petrem uTxra zaqaria qarTvels:<br />

`Svilo zaqaria, wavideT ucxo qveyanaSi, raTa <strong>Cveni</strong><br />

sikvdi<strong>li</strong>T eseni ar warwymdnen~ (50. gv.244). gzaSi netarma<br />

petrem mrava<strong>li</strong> saswau<strong>li</strong> moaxdina. erT sofelSi, erT-erT<br />

saxlSi, sadac kerpi idga, man ganizraxa wirvis dayeneba.<br />

locvis dawyebisTanave sacecxluridan gamovarda cecx<strong>li</strong>,<br />

romelmac Semusra kerpi, xolo saxls araferi avno. amis<br />

mxilvelebma petrem da zaqariam adides RmerTi. amis Semdeg<br />

isini wavidnen sxva qalaqSi, sadac ramdenime dRes SeCerdnen.<br />

im qalaqSi erTi qristiani ojaxis qa<strong>li</strong>Svi<strong>li</strong> mZime<br />

seniT daavadda. deda Seevedra petre ibers Svi<strong>li</strong> ganekurna,<br />

radganac misi meuRle grZneu<strong>li</strong>s miyvanas apirebda. petrem<br />

daamSvida da UuTxra, rom <strong>qriste</strong>s saxe<strong>li</strong>T avadmyofi ganikurneboda,<br />

xolo grZneu<strong>li</strong> ver miaRwevda gaTenebamde. mar-<br />

Tlac aRsrulda netari petres sityvebi (50. gv.245). petres<br />

didebis saxe<strong>li</strong> im aremares moedo. <strong>qriste</strong>s saxe<strong>li</strong>T petre<br />

uamrav saswauls axdenda: brmebs Tvalebi exilebodaT, munjebi<br />

laparaks iwyebdnen, uSviloebs Svilebi eZleodaT da<br />

sxva. erT sofelSi gvalvis gamo sof<strong>li</strong>s mosaxleoba didad<br />

iyo Sewuxebu<strong>li</strong>. iloca petrem maTTvis da locvis dasrulebisTanave<br />

kokispiru<strong>li</strong> wvima wamovida. zaqaria qarTve<strong>li</strong><br />

wers, rom man aRwera mxolod mciredi im saswaulebisa<br />

da kurnebebisa, rasac netari petre RvTis SewevniT axdenda.<br />

yvelaze ufro sandod qarTul eklesiaSi TiTqmis<br />

aTaswleu<strong>li</strong>s manZilze miaCndaT petres mowafis zaqarias<br />

mier asurul enaze daweri<strong>li</strong> naSromi, rome<strong>li</strong>c qarTulad<br />

uTargmnia makari xucess, mesxs (XIIIs.). zaqaria petres konstantinopolsa<br />

da ierusa<strong>li</strong>mSi qarT<strong>li</strong>danve gahyo<strong>li</strong>a, icnobda<br />

mas siWabukidan sikvdilamde (7. gv.14).<br />

− 132 − − 133 −

---

wmida petres did pativs miagebdnen ara marto marTmadideblebi,<br />

aramed monofizitebic. misi netari aRsasru<strong>li</strong>s Semdeg<br />

igi orive mxarem Seracxa TavianT wmindanad (3.gv.258).<br />

ioane rufusi Semdegnairad aRwers wmida petre iberie<strong>li</strong>s<br />

gardacvalebasTan dakavSirebul movlenebs: ...`iyo im sof<strong>li</strong>s<br />

mosaxleobis didi tiri<strong>li</strong> da RaRadisi. isini igonebdnen<br />

bevr saswauls, niSnebs da kurnebas, romelTac RmerTi<br />

misi meoxebiT axdenda, gansakuTrebiT did mxardaWerasa da<br />

mowyalebas, romelTac maT cxonebu<strong>li</strong> aniWebda... roca ga-<br />

Tenda, wmidanis sxeu<strong>li</strong> sudaraSi gaaxvies da sakurTxev<strong>li</strong>s<br />

win daasvenes da radganac zogierTi ZmaTagani jer kidev ar<br />

atarebda wmida samosels, maTi tanisamosi wmida sxeu<strong>li</strong>s<br />

xelze SexebiT akurTxes da ase sixaru<strong>li</strong>T Semoses isini...<br />

memkvidreebi cdilobdnen cxedari waesvenebinaT da daemarxaT<br />

mis uwindel monasterSi, rome<strong>li</strong>c maiumis mezoblad mdebareobda.<br />

maT eSinodaT, roca am qalaqis macxovreblebi<br />

wmidanis gardacvalebis ambavs gaigebdnen, misdami didi<br />

siyvaru<strong>li</strong>s gamo, swrafad movidodnen, mis wmida sxeuls<br />

moitacebdnen da am qalaqis erT-erT taZarSi dakrZalavdnen.<br />

rameTu mas angelozad da winaswarmetyvelad racxdnen. amitom<br />

misi kubo swrafad mxrebze Seidges da gzas gaudgnen...<br />

CvenTan imyofeboda mama maqsosi. mokrZalebu<strong>li</strong>, wynari, su<strong>li</strong>eri<br />

saTnoebiT aRsavse, rome<strong>li</strong>c yrmobidan moxucebulobamde<br />

siwmidiT, morCilebiTa da qalwulebiT mtkiced icavda<br />

asketur cxovrebas. sanam saWmelad davsxdebodiT, man uceb<br />

wamoiZaxa: `mismineT, Tu ra unda giamboT... erTxel roca netari<br />

petre erT-erT ukanasknel wmida saidumlos asrulebda,<br />

me davinaxe raRac mewamu<strong>li</strong>s msgavsi Rrube<strong>li</strong> da am Rrub<strong>li</strong>dan<br />

sakurTxev<strong>li</strong>s Tavze miSveri<strong>li</strong> xe<strong>li</strong>sgu<strong>li</strong>. SiSiT<br />

Sepyrobi<strong>li</strong> videqi da vkankalebdi, magram wmidani arafers<br />

ambobda, radganac man amis mizezi icoda. momdevno dRes,<br />

ukanaskne<strong>li</strong> wmida msxverplSewirvis dros amjerad davinaxe<br />

xe<strong>li</strong>s mtevani idayvamde, Rrublebidan sakurTxev<strong>li</strong>s Tavze<br />

gamoSveri<strong>li</strong>... wmidanma miTxra, rom mis sicocxleSi amis<br />

Sesaxeb araferi meTqva. axla ki dro dadga icodeT, Tu Cven<br />

rogor wmidanTan erTad gveRirsa cxovreba, rogor mamas, mwyemss,<br />

episkoposs, RvTismsaxurs da <strong>Cveni</strong> su<strong>li</strong>saTvis qomags<br />

davSordiT sxeulebrivad~. im xe<strong>li</strong>s Cveneba niSnavda zecidan<br />

uf<strong>li</strong>s mowodebas. RmerTma xe<strong>li</strong> gamogviSvira da igi<br />

TavisTan ixmo, rogorc weria: `marjuenam uf<strong>li</strong>saman amama-<br />

Rla me, marjuenam uf<strong>li</strong>saman qmna Za<strong>li</strong>. ara movkude, aramed<br />

vcxonde da ganvTqune me saqmeni uf<strong>li</strong>sani~ (fs. 117,16)...<br />

gamTeniisas maiumisa da Razis mosaxleobam Seityo cxonebu<strong>li</strong>s<br />

gardacvalebis Sesaxeb da gaiqcnen misi wmida gvamis<br />

mosataceblad. Tu amis uflebas ar miscemdnen, apirebdnen<br />

misi nacvami tanisamosis erTmaneTSi ganawilebas. magram<br />

roca petre maT dakrZalu<strong>li</strong> daxvdaT, pirqve daemxvnen da<br />

Tayvani sces mis wmida luskumas. moTqvamdnen da gu<strong>li</strong>Tadi<br />

vedrebiT Zirs emxobodnen, rogorc sayvare<strong>li</strong> Svilebi, romlTac<br />

aseTi mama waarTves da ara marto mama, aramed aRmzrde<strong>li</strong>c,<br />

mwyemsic da episkoposic...~ (51. gv.196-201).<br />

Rirsi ilarion qarTve<strong>li</strong>, saswaulTmoqmedi (875).<br />

Rirsi mama ilarioni kaxe<strong>li</strong> aznauris Svi<strong>li</strong> iyo, donaurTa<br />

gvaridan. Sobidanve RvTisaTvis Sewiru<strong>li</strong> ilarioni<br />

6 w<strong>li</strong>s asakSi saswavleblad Rirseul da RvTismoyvare bers<br />

miabares. ilarioni gansakuTrebu<strong>li</strong> niWierebiT gamoirCeoda.<br />

roca mamam Svi<strong>li</strong>s gulmodgineba da RvTis siyvaru<strong>li</strong><br />

ixila, iqve, sofelSi monasteri aaSena, sadac male 16 berma<br />

− 134 − − 135 −

---

moiyara Tavi. 14 w<strong>li</strong>s ilarionma gadawyvita ganrideboda<br />

mamis zedmet yuradRebas, datova monasteri, garejis udabnos<br />

miaSura da patara gamoqvabulSi daeyuda. misi angelozebrivi<br />

cxovrebis Sesaxeb mTelma qarTlma da kaxeTma gaigo. mis<br />

sanaxavad, locva-kurTxevisa da rCeva-darigebis misaRebad<br />

uamravi xalxi midioda. ilarioni wmida adgilebis mosalocad<br />

ierusa<strong>li</strong>mSi gaemgzavra. mas gzaSi avazakebi daesxnen.<br />

maxvilebi iSiSvles, magram misi mokvla ver moaxerxes, radganac<br />

xelebi gauSeSdaT. SeSinebu<strong>li</strong> avazakebi wmida mamas<br />

fexebSi Cauvardnen da Sendoba sTxoves. ilarionma jvari<br />

gadasaxa avazakebs da gankurna. erTma maTganma madlobis<br />

niSnad Taboris mTamdec ki gaacila wmindani. ierusa<strong>li</strong>mis<br />

molocvis Semdeg ilarioni mdinare iordanis udabnos erT<br />

gamoqvabulSi daeyuda. gadmocemiT es iyo is gamoqvabu<strong>li</strong>,<br />

sadac wmida e<strong>li</strong>a Tezbite<strong>li</strong> afarebda Tavs. erT Rames mas<br />

RvTismSobe<strong>li</strong> gamoecxada da samSobloSi dabruneba ubr-<br />

Zana. samSobloSi dabrunebul ilarions mama da Zmebi gardacv<strong>li</strong><strong>li</strong><br />

daxvda. dedam mTe<strong>li</strong> qoneba Svils gadasca. am<br />

fu<strong>li</strong>T ilarionma dedaTa, Semdeg ki mamaTa monasteri aago.<br />

maT soflebi Seswira, darCeni<strong>li</strong> Tanxa glaxakebs dauriga.<br />

TviTon or ZmasTan erTad konstantinopolSi gaemgzavra.<br />

xangrZ<strong>li</strong>vi mogzaurobis Semdeg ulumbos mTas (mcire azia)<br />

miaRwies. iq erT patara, mitovebul eklesiaSi dabinavdnen.<br />

didi lavridan erTi beri mivida kande<strong>li</strong>s asanTebad. man<br />

naxa eklesiSi Sexiznu<strong>li</strong> qarTve<strong>li</strong> berebi da mcireodeni<br />

saWme<strong>li</strong> miutana. Semdgom SabaTs beri isev mivida da naxa,<br />

rom qarTvel berebs mTe<strong>li</strong> kvira uWmelad gaetarebinaT. maT<br />

mxolod cotaodeni cercvi mieRoT. berma wmida ilarions<br />

hkiTxa, Tu ra sWirdebodaT. ilarionma mxolod sefiskveri<br />

da zedaSe iTxova. roca didi monastris mamasax<strong>li</strong>sma gaigo,<br />

rom eklesiaSi berZnu<strong>li</strong> enis ucodinari berebi wiravdnen,<br />

monastris datoveba ubrZana. ilarionma erTi RamiT dar-<br />

Cenis ufleba iTxova. im Ramesve berZen bers yovladwmida<br />

qalwu<strong>li</strong> gamoecxada da risxviT uTxra: ` vin mogca ufleba<br />

Cemi Zis siyvaru<strong>li</strong>T anTebu<strong>li</strong> berebis gandevnisa. dagviwyebia<br />

uf<strong>li</strong>s mcneba ucxoTa da glaxakTa Sewynarebis. arc ki<br />

ici, rom qarTulad metyvelni mravlad arian am mTaze. maT<br />

Seuryvnelad Seinaxes marTlmadidebloba. vinc maT ar miiRebs<br />

da ar Seiwynarebs, Cemi mtrebi iqnebian. rameTu ufalma<br />

me damavala maTi mfarveloba~. RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s gamocxadebiT<br />

SeSinebu<strong>li</strong> mamasax<strong>li</strong>si gaTenebas ar daeloda, imis SiSiT<br />

ilarionma ar gamaswroso. fexebSi Cauvarda, Sendoba sTxova<br />

da Seevedra darCeni<strong>li</strong>yo, raTa RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s risxva aeridebina<br />

misTvis. wmida ilarionma 5 we<strong>li</strong> iRvawa ulumbos<br />

mTaze. Semdeg wmida adgilebis mosalocad konstantinopolSi<br />

gaemgzavra, aqedan romSi gaeSura wmida petre da pavle<br />

mociqulebis saflavis Tayvanissacemad. roms miaxloebulma<br />

ilarionma venaxis ZirTan mjdari davrdomi<strong>li</strong> naxa.<br />

iloca misTvis, Semdeg erTi mtevani yurZnis motana sTxova.<br />

gankurnebu<strong>li</strong> kaci uceb wamodga, venaxSi Sevida, mowyvita<br />

mtevani, magram venaxidan gamosuls iq aRaravin daxvda. am<br />

saswau<strong>li</strong>s Sesaxeb man yvelas axara. ilarionma ori we<strong>li</strong>wadi<br />

icxovra romSi. Semdeg konstantinopolSi dabrunda.<br />

gzad TesalonikaSi gaiara, Tayvani sca wmida dimitri Tesalonike<strong>li</strong>s<br />

saflavs da qalaqis mTavris karTan Seisvena. sax<strong>li</strong>dan<br />

mxevalma 4 w<strong>li</strong>s dambladacemu<strong>li</strong> yrma gamoiyvana da<br />

mzis gulze daawvina. wmida ilarionma qals wy<strong>li</strong>s motana<br />

sTxova. roca qa<strong>li</strong> wavida, wmida mamam yrmas jvari gadasaxa<br />

da Tqva: `saxe<strong>li</strong>Ta mamisaTa da ZisaTa da su<strong>li</strong>sa wmidisaTa<br />

yrmao, gibrZaneb adge~. yrma fexze swrafad wamoxta da de-<br />

− 136 − − 137 −

---

dasTan gaiqca. mxevalma wya<strong>li</strong> moutana, magram ilarioni iq<br />

aRar daxvda. roca gankurnebu<strong>li</strong> yrmis mamam, qalaqis mTavarma,<br />

es saswau<strong>li</strong> ixila, brZana CaeketaT qalaqis karebi da<br />

saswaulTmoqmedi beri moeZebnaT, raTa Tayvani ecaT misTvis.<br />

moZebnes wmida ilarioni, fexebSi Cauvardnen da locvakurTxeva<br />

gamosTxoves. qalaqis mTavari Seevedra wmida mamas<br />

oRond TesalonikSi darCeni<strong>li</strong>yo samoRvaweod da sadac<br />

isurvebda iq auSenebda monasters. wmida ilarionma mTe<strong>li</strong><br />

cxovreba TesalonikSi gaatara. Tavisi aRsasru<strong>li</strong> uf<strong>li</strong>sagan<br />

mas winaswar euwya. qalaqis mTavari daibara, madloba<br />

uTxra yvelafrisaTvis da anderZad glaxakTa da monazonTa<br />

siyvaru<strong>li</strong>, samarT<strong>li</strong>anoba da mowyaleba dautova. wmida<br />

ilarionis saflavTan sarwmunoebiT misulni yovelgvari<br />

senisgan ikurnebodnen. am saswau<strong>li</strong>s Sesaxeb bizantiis keisars,<br />

basi<strong>li</strong> makedonels acnobes. keisarma ulumbos mTidan<br />

Camosul mamebs Tesalonikis ambebi mouTxro. mamaTa Soris<br />

is mamasax<strong>li</strong>sic aRmoCnda, romelmac wmida ilarionis<br />

gandevna daapira. man keisars RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s gamocxadebis<br />

Sesaxeb mouyva da Tan dasZina, rom wmida ilarionis mowafeebi<br />

isev moRvaweobdnen ulumbos mTaze. isini, rogorc<br />

maTi didi moZRvari, angelozebiviT cxovrobdnen. basi<strong>li</strong><br />

keisari dainteresda wmida ilarionis mowafeebiT. mas sami<br />

xanSiSesu<strong>li</strong> qarTve<strong>li</strong> beri mihgvares. keisarma, gakvirebulma<br />

mamebis siwmidiT, SesTavaza maT monastris asaSenebe<strong>li</strong><br />

adgi<strong>li</strong> TviTon SeerCiaT. man berebis survi<strong>li</strong>samebr<br />

romaniis xeobaSi qarTu<strong>li</strong> monasteri aaSena. iqve TavisTvis<br />

erTi senakic moiwyo, raTa berebis locviT, ufals misTvis<br />

codvebi Seendo. monasters romana-wmida uwodes. keisarma<br />

Tavisi ori Ze, leoni da aleqsandre qarTvel berebs miuyvana<br />

aRsazrdelad. Tan sTxova maTTvis qarTu<strong>li</strong> eswavlebi-<br />

naT (3. gv. 42). basi<strong>li</strong> keisars wmida ilarionis nawilebis<br />

gadasveneba surda sataxto qalaqSi, magram Tesalonikelebi<br />

ver daiTanxma. maSin keisaris kariskacebma RamiT,<br />

Cumad, wmidanis nawilebi moipares. keisarma, patriarqma da<br />

mTelma erma galobiT, <strong>li</strong>taniobiT da sakmev<strong>li</strong>s kmeviT<br />

miiRes wmida ilarionis nawilebi. keisarma is droebiT<br />

Tavis palataSi daasvena, sanam misTvis gansakuTrebul saZvales<br />

(saflavs) aaSenebda. mesame dRes mefe keTilsurnelebam<br />

gamoaRviZa. mas wmida ilarioni gamoecxada da sTxova,<br />

rom is metad aRar Seewuxebina. keisarma wmindanis nawilebi<br />

romana-wmidis qarTul monasterSi gadaasvena. saqarTvelos<br />

samociqulo eklesiam wmida ilarionis xseneba daawesa misi<br />

gardacvalebis dRes, 19 noembers (11. w.II. gv.428).<br />

wmida anTimoz iverie<strong>li</strong><br />

anTimoz iverie<strong>li</strong> (1650-1716) Tavis droisaTvis erT-er-<br />

Ti uganaTlebulesi adamiani iyo, flobda mraval ucxo enas:<br />

berZnuls, ruminuls, Zvel slavurs, arabuls da Turquls.<br />

gaTviTcnobierebu<strong>li</strong> iyo TeologiaSi, <strong>li</strong>teraturasa da<br />

bunebismetyvelebaSi. igi brwyinvaled flobda xelovnebis<br />

yvela dargs, gansakuTrebiT mxatvrobas, gravirebas,<br />

moCuqurTmebas da qsilografias. cnobi<strong>li</strong> iyo rogorc SesaniSnavi<br />

ka<strong>li</strong>grafi, daxelovnebu<strong>li</strong> xeze mWre<strong>li</strong> da niWieri<br />

moqandake. is iyo brwyinvale mwera<strong>li</strong>, aRiarebu<strong>li</strong> oratori<br />

da reformatori sa<strong>li</strong>teraturo ruminu<strong>li</strong> enis. manamde<br />

rumineTSi wirva- locva berZnul enaze mimdinareobda.<br />

anTimoz iverie<strong>li</strong>s damsaxurebaa ruminelebi sasu<strong>li</strong>ero da<br />

saero wignebs mSob<strong>li</strong>ur ruminul enaze rom kiTxuloben.<br />

anTimoz iverie<strong>li</strong> (andria iveriZe) iyo samcxe-saaTa-<br />

− 138 − − 139 −

---

agos mkvidri. osmalebis mier saqarTvelodan gatacebu<strong>li</strong><br />

Wabuki stambulSi gamoisyida ierusa<strong>li</strong>mis patriarqma<br />

dosiTeosma. anTimozma ierusa<strong>li</strong>mSi miiRo brwyinvale<br />

ganaTleba. ukve saxelganTqmu<strong>li</strong> mxatvari, graviori da<br />

ka<strong>li</strong>grafi daaxloebiT 1690 wels vlaxeTis mefem konstantine<br />

brinkovianusma miiwvia. igi vlaxeTSi Casv<strong>li</strong>sTanave<br />

sastambo saqmes saTaveSi Caudga da sul male mTels evropaSi<br />

saxelganTqmu<strong>li</strong> mestambe xdeba.<br />

anTimozi arCil mefes axlda ruseTSi da exmareboda<br />

qarTu<strong>li</strong> stambis Camoya<strong>li</strong>bebaSi. 1705 wels arCil mefem<br />

dabeWda `daviTni~. saqarTveloSi pirve<strong>li</strong> stamba mefe vaxtang<br />

VI-is TaosnobiT daarsda. stambis mowyobaSi mefes<br />

didi daxmareba aRmouCina anTimoz iverielma. 1708 wels an-<br />

Timozi sqarTveloSi gzavnis saukeTeso mowafes, mestambes<br />

_ mixeil iStvanoviCs. man mefe vaxtang VI-is xelSewyobiT<br />

ganaaxla Tbi<strong>li</strong>sis stamba. 1709 wels ukve ibeWdeba `saxareba~,<br />

`samociqulo~ da `daviTni~ (meorejer), 1712 wels<br />

ki `vefxistyaosani~.<br />

1708 wels anTimozs xe<strong>li</strong> daasxes ungro-vlaxeTis mitropo<strong>li</strong>tad.<br />

am faqtTan dakavSirebiT erT-erTi monastris winamZ-<br />

Rvari werda `movida didi adamiani vlaxeTis miwaze. moitana<br />

sinaTle RvTaebrivma anTimma, Svilma brZen iverTa modgmisa~.<br />

wmida anTimozis xelmZRvanelobiT vlaxeTSi 20-ze meti<br />

eklesia-monasteri aigo, maTgan gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia<br />

,,yovelTa wmidaTa~ monasteri q. buqarestis centrSi. taZris<br />

mTavari Sesasvle<strong>li</strong>s muxis karze da qvaze amotvifru<strong>li</strong><br />

qarTu<strong>li</strong> ornamentebi TviT anTimoz iverielma Seasrula.<br />

anTimoz iverielma yovelTa wmidaTa monasteri berZnu<strong>li</strong><br />

eklesiisagan damoukideblad gamoacxada.<br />

1714 wels Turqebma sikvdi<strong>li</strong>T dasajes vlaxeTis mTa-<br />

vari konstantine brinkovianu da samefo taxtze aiyvanes<br />

TurqTa interesebis gamtarebe<strong>li</strong> fanarioti nikolo mavrokordati.<br />

am ukanasknelma anTimozs ubrZana nebayoflobiT<br />

uari eTqva mitropo<strong>li</strong>tobaze, razec kategoriu<strong>li</strong><br />

uari miiRo. maSin nikolo mavrokordatim daxmarebisaTvis<br />

konstantinopo<strong>li</strong>s patriarq ieremias mimarTa. episkoposTa<br />

krebam, romelsac arc erTi rumine<strong>li</strong> sasu<strong>li</strong>ero piri ar<br />

eswreboda, wm. anTimozi eklesiidan gankveTa da mas sinas<br />

mTaze, wmida ekaterines monasterSi gadasaxleba miusaja.<br />

rumine<strong>li</strong> xalxis erTgu<strong>li</strong> da mosiyvarule mitropo<strong>li</strong>ti<br />

Sua Rames gaiyvanes qalaqidan, radgan mosaxleobis mRelvarebis<br />

eSinodaT. anTimoz iveriels sinas mTamde ar miuRwevia.<br />

igi mdinare dulCias napirze aso-aso akuwes da misi<br />

wmida nawilebi mdinareSi gadayares. anTimiz iverielma sicocxle<br />

Seswira meore samSoblod qceul vlaxeTis (rumine-<br />

Tis) gaTavisuflebas TurqTa da fanariotTa uR<strong>li</strong>sagan.<br />

1992 wels rumineTis eklesiam anTimoz iverie<strong>li</strong> wmidanad<br />

Seracxa da misi xsenebis dRed misi gardacvalebis dRe<br />

14 (27) seqtemberi daawesa. saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia<br />

wm. anTimoz iverie<strong>li</strong>s xsenebas 13 (26) ivniss aRniSnavs.<br />

(11. w.I, gv.449).<br />

wmida ilarion qarTve<strong>li</strong> axa<strong>li</strong><br />

sakvirvelTmoqmedi beri, mRvdelsqimmonazoni ilarioni<br />

(erobaSi iese), romelsac aTonis mTis moZRvarTa moZ-<br />

Rvars eZaxdnen, warmoSobiT imereTidan iyo. igi daibada<br />

1776 wels sofel loTiasxevSi, RvTismosavi aznaurebis _<br />

xaxu<strong>li</strong> da mariam yanCavelebis ojaxSi. ymawvils eqvsi we<strong>li</strong><br />

rom Seusrulda, RvTis CagonebiT, biZamisma (dedis Zmam),<br />

− 140 − − 141 −

---

gandegilobaSi myofma berdiakonma stefanem siZes da Tavis<br />

das mariams SesTavaza TavianTi pirvelSobi<strong>li</strong> Ze RvTisaTvis<br />

mieZRvnaT da Tuki isini RvTis nebas ar daemorCilebodnen,<br />

mSoblebs yrmis sikvdi<strong>li</strong> uwinaswarmetyvela. mama stefanem<br />

aseve auwya, rom RvTis nebisadmi daumorCileblobisaTvis<br />

maT meti Svi<strong>li</strong> aRar eyolebodaT. iese norC asakSi gaxda<br />

meudabnoe. mama stefanem yrma TavisTan waiyvana da 12 w<strong>li</strong>s<br />

ganmavlobaSi udabur mTaze zrdida. aswav<strong>li</strong>da dumils, Tav-<br />

Sekavebas, locvasa da wmida weri<strong>li</strong>s kiTxvas. iSviaTad Tu<br />

darTavda nebas moenaxulebina mSoblebi an monasteri. mama<br />

stefanes gardacvalebis Semdeg, moZRvris gareSe darCeni<strong>li</strong><br />

iese, tabakinis monasterSi gadavida. male mamam igi quTais-<br />

Si waiyvana da aRsazrdelad mefis karze miabara, sadac iese<br />

xdeba samefo karis eklesiis protopresviteri, imereTis<br />

mefis solomon II-is moZRvari da saxelmwifo sakiTxebSi<br />

mefis mrCeve<strong>li</strong>. 1801 wels qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ruseT-<br />

Tan SeerTebis Semdeg, imereTis ukanaskne<strong>li</strong> mefe solomon<br />

II TurqeTSi garbis, sadac mas iesec mihyveba da mefis yvela<br />

Wirsa da tkivils iziarebs. 1814 wels solomon II TurqeT-<br />

Si aResrula. misi neSti trapizonis miwas miabares. mefis<br />

moZRvari iese saqarTeloSi dabrunda, Tumca samSobloSi<br />

dabrunebidan 7 Tvec ki ar iyo gasu<strong>li</strong>, rom iese imere-<br />

Tis dedofalma mariamma moskovSi TavisTan ixmo. dedofa<strong>li</strong><br />

moskovSi solomon mefis TurqeTSi gaqcevis Semdeg cxovrobda.<br />

imperatorma aleqsandre I-ma mama ieses dedaqalaqis<br />

mRvdelmTavrad dawinaureba isurva. maRalma wodebam ver<br />

moxibla gandegilobis mosurne iese, rom<strong>li</strong>s su<strong>li</strong>c ganmartoebas<br />

eswrafvoda. sasaxleSi mama iesem dainaxa ruse-<br />

Tis samefo karis didi su<strong>li</strong>eri dacema, oTxSabaTobiT da<br />

paraskevobiT marxvis gatexva, gauTavebe<strong>li</strong> Rreobebi da<br />

garyvnileba. yove<strong>li</strong>ve amasTan imereTis mefisa da xalxis<br />

siwmindis Sedarebac ki ar SeiZleboda. mama iese garegnobiT<br />

gamoirCeoda, tanadi da lamazi mamakaci iyo. mefis karis<br />

qalTa da qa<strong>li</strong>SvilTa mxridan mouridebelma Semotevebma<br />

imdenad Seaviwrova misi mokrZalebu<strong>li</strong>, RvTismosavi su<strong>li</strong>,<br />

rom mtkiced gadawyvita, radac ar unda dajdomoda sasaxles<br />

gascloda. mama iesem abreSumis samose<strong>li</strong> glaxakis ZonZebiT<br />

Seicvala da sasaxle farulad datova. wmida mamam saqarTveloSi<br />

gamomgzavrebis nacvlad aTonis wmida mTas miaSura<br />

(1819), radganac icoda, rom dedofa<strong>li</strong> mariami mas saqarTveloSi<br />

advilad monaxavda da kvlav moskovSi daabrunebda.<br />

mama iese aTonel berebs siwmideTa dasaTva<strong>li</strong>ereblad<br />

Casul Rarib qarTvelad gaecno. 1821 wels, didi marxvisas,<br />

dionises monasterSi mama iese did sqemaSi aRkveces da<br />

saxelad ilarioni uwodes. aRkvecisas mas axa<strong>li</strong> tansacme<strong>li</strong><br />

moumzades, magram mama ilarionma iTxova isev dakonki<strong>li</strong><br />

ZonZebiT SeemosaT. erTxel, mama ilarioni, iverTa<br />

monasterSi, iveriis RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s saswaulTmoqmedi xatis<br />

win locvisas, SeniSna berZenma arqimandritma, rome<strong>li</strong>c mas<br />

jer kidev moskovidan icnobda. beri mama ilarions xelebze<br />

eambora da Tan gaiZaxoda: `es mama iesea, wmida moZRvari,<br />

mefis moZRvari~. male aTonis mTaze xma gavrcelda, rom<br />

monasterSi ubralo beris saxiT mefis moZRvari imaleboda.<br />

mas pativiscemiT dauwyes mopyroba, ris gamoc ilarionma<br />

datova monasteri da iqve axlos udabnoSi daeyuda.<br />

am dros (1821) Turqebi daundoblad Jletdnen ajanyebul<br />

berZen qristianebs. qristianTa sisx<strong>li</strong> mdinared moedineboda<br />

da radganac aTonic Careu<strong>li</strong> iyo am ajanyebaSi<br />

1822 wels abdul robut-faSa mravalricxovani laSqriT<br />

aTonisken daiZra da aTonis sazRarTan, kumicaze dabanakda.<br />

− 142 − − 143 −

---

faSam brZana yvela monastris winamZRvari xleboda da mis-<br />

Tvis Tayvani ecaT, Torem aTonis mTis dapyrobiT da monastrebis<br />

ganadgurebiT imuqreboda. iRumenebma (monastris<br />

winamZRvrebma) faSasTan wasvla ver gabedes, radganac icodnen,<br />

rom ukan cocxlebi ver dabrundebodnen. faSasTan wasv<strong>li</strong>s<br />

survi<strong>li</strong> mama ilarionma gamoTqva. Tan dasZina, rom<br />

mas Turqebis ar eSinoda, radganac <strong>qriste</strong>sTvis mowameoba<br />

misi didi xnis survi<strong>li</strong> iyo. ilarioni faSas or berTan<br />

erTad eaxla. saubrisas faSam gaigo, rom ilarioni qarTve<strong>li</strong><br />

iyo da didad gaixara, radganac TviTonac qarTve<strong>li</strong><br />

iyo, afxazeTidan. igi marTlmadidebe<strong>li</strong> mRvd<strong>li</strong>s Svi<strong>li</strong> aRmoCnda.<br />

mis ojaxs mama ilarioni kargad icnobda. faSa bavSvobaSi<br />

moutaciaT, TurqebisaTvis miuyidiaT da musulmanur<br />

sarwmunoebaze mouqceviaT. faSam mama ilarions Turqulad<br />

gaando, rom aTonis mTis berebis amosawyvetad iyo mosu<strong>li</strong>.<br />

igi arwmunebda mama ilarions daetovbina es garyvnilebisa<br />

da avazakobis bude. sacxovreblad sakuTar sasaxles sTavazobda<br />

da sulTnis saxe<strong>li</strong>T mfarvelobasa da uzrunvel cxovrebas<br />

hpirdeboda. mama ilarionma miugo, rom aTonze<br />

Tavisi su<strong>li</strong>s saxsnelad movida da amis meti araferi surda.<br />

faSam ganacxada: `rogor SeiZleba daujero qritianebs,<br />

rom qalwulma Sva RmerTi. TiTqos adamianis saSos Seu-<br />

Z<strong>li</strong>a daitios RmerTi da Sobis Semdeg qalwu<strong>li</strong> darCes~.<br />

ilarioni apirebda faSasTvis pauxis gacemas, magram berebi,<br />

romlebic mas axldnen, emudarebodnen Tavi Seekavebina mxilebisagan,<br />

raTa faSa ar ganrisxebu<strong>li</strong>yo da aTonis mTis<br />

berebi ar amoexoca. aTonze dabrunebu<strong>li</strong> mama ilarioni<br />

wuxda, rom RvTismgmobe<strong>li</strong> faSa ganagrZobda qristianTa<br />

xocva-Jletas. man winamZRvrisagan kurTxeva aiRo da xelaxla<br />

eaxla faSas, raTa <strong>qriste</strong>s uarmyofe<strong>li</strong> emxilebina da<br />

Tan Sewyveti<strong>li</strong> saubari daesrulebina. ilarioni faSasTan<br />

musulmanebis dResaswau<strong>li</strong>s, ramazanis dros mivida. faSas-<br />

Tan zeimze iyvnen yvela mTavari Turqi moxele, ing<strong>li</strong>se<strong>li</strong>,<br />

frangi, somexi, ebrae<strong>li</strong> Tu sxva warCinebulni. faSas qarTve<strong>li</strong><br />

beris mosvla gauxarda da Tanamemamule Tavis gverdze<br />

taxtze moisva. mama ilarionma kumicaze Sewyveti<strong>li</strong> saubari<br />

ganagrZo: `Sen eWvi gamoTqvi, rogor SeZlo qalwulma macxovris<br />

Soba da qalwulad darCena. Tqveni winaswarmetyve<strong>li</strong><br />

muhamedic ambobs, rom <strong>ieso</strong> <strong>qriste</strong> qalwu<strong>li</strong>sagan iSva<br />

uTeslo CasaxviT da amitom Soba WeSmariti RvTisa miuwvdome<strong>li</strong>a.<br />

RmerTma kacobriobis xsnisaTvis xorci Seisxa,<br />

raTa adamianis dacemu<strong>li</strong> modgma wyev<strong>li</strong>sa da sikvdi<strong>li</strong>sagan<br />

exsna~. berma gaagrZela: `Sen RmerTis ar geSinia, radgan<br />

ase awameb udanaSaulo qristianebs. qristiani mSoblebis<br />

Svi<strong>li</strong> ase mxecurad imitom iqcevi, rom CaaxSo <strong>qriste</strong>sgan<br />

gandgomiT gamowveu<strong>li</strong> sindisis qejna~. `Tqveni rwmena<br />

WeSmariti da RvTisaTvis saamo rom iyos, RmerTi mtrebis<br />

xelSi ar CagagdebdaT~, _ upasuxa faSam. am sityvebis<br />

gagonebaze mama ilarionma miugo: `faSa, gana mama ar<br />

moimarjvebs wkeplas celqi Svi<strong>li</strong>s dasasjelad? xolo roca<br />

Svils gamosworebuls naxavs, wkeplas gadatexavs da cecxl-<br />

Si moisvris. <strong>Cveni</strong> codvebis gamo mogiSvaT Cvenze RmerTma.<br />

ufals <strong>Cveni</strong> gamosworeba surs. Tqven warmoadgenT kverTxs<br />

RvTis xelSi da roca RmerTi gamosworebuls gvixilavs, am<br />

usargeblo nivTs sanagveSi moisvris~. sami dRe modioda<br />

mama ilarioni da amxelda faSas. iq myofi Turqi moxeleebi<br />

da ucxoelebi gaocebulni iyvnen, rogor usmenda faSa viRac<br />

Rataki beris mxilebas. meoTxe dRes mama ilarionma musulmanobisa<br />

da misi damaarsebe<strong>li</strong> muhamedis sicrueze daiwyo<br />

saubari. `rogor fiqrob, sad wavalT Cven?~ – sici<strong>li</strong>T<br />

− 144 − − 145 −

---

hkiTxa faSam. `iq, sadac Tqveni muhamedi~. `muhamedi sad moxvdeba?~<br />

`jojoxeTSi~ – miugo berma da Tqvenc yvelani masTan<br />

erTad jojoxeTSi moxvdebiT~. `Seni azriT, vin gadarCeba<br />

da damkvidrdeba samoTxeSi?~ – hkiTxa faSam. `mxolod mar-<br />

Tlmadidebe<strong>li</strong> qristianu<strong>li</strong> eklesiis wiaRSi Sobi<strong>li</strong> WeSmariti<br />

morwmuneni, yvela danarCeni _ ebraelebi, somxebi,<br />

kaTo<strong>li</strong>kebi _ ganwirulni arian sawameblad~, _ upasuxa<br />

mama ilarionma. `sikvdi<strong>li</strong> magas~, erTxmad SesZaxes oTaxSi<br />

myofma stumrebma. faSas ar surda qarTve<strong>li</strong> beris sikvdi<strong>li</strong>,<br />

magram SeSinda muhamedis swavlebisgan gandgomi<strong>li</strong> aravis<br />

hgoneboda da mama ilarionisaTvis Tavis mokveTa brZana.<br />

faSam Tavis erTgul moadgileebs, warmoSobiT qarTvelebs,<br />

qarTve<strong>li</strong> beris sikvdi<strong>li</strong>T dasjis brZaneba gaacno~. `es ar<br />

moxdeba, <strong>Cveni</strong> Tavis moWraa, Z<strong>li</strong>vs am mxareSi erTi Tanamemamule<br />

gamogviCnda da isic sikvdi<strong>li</strong>T rogor davsajoT.<br />

es <strong>Cveni</strong> samudamo sircxvi<strong>li</strong> iqneba~ Sewuxdnen faSas erTgu<strong>li</strong><br />

mcvelebi da qarTve<strong>li</strong> beri sikvdils gadaarCines.<br />

mama ilarionma pirjvari gadaiwera, amoioxra da guldawyvetiT<br />

Tqva: `uRirsi var, me ubeduri, rom RmerTma Cemi<br />

wameba Seiwiros~. sanam aTonis mTas gauyveboda, ilarionma<br />

solunSi Seiara, sadac man qalaqis cixeSi gamomwyvdeu<strong>li</strong><br />

patimrebi ixila. mama ilarionma ganWvrita, rom patimrebis<br />

samsaxureblad SeunarCuna RmerTma sicocxle. moyvasis<br />

siyvaru<strong>li</strong>s gamo ilarioni darCa qalaqSi da eqvsi Tvis<br />

ganmavlobaSi emsaxureboda rogorc qristian, ise Turq patimrebs.<br />

igi yoveldRe midioda sapyrobilesTan da maTTvis<br />

puri, wya<strong>li</strong> da sxva sursaTi mihqonda. imave sapyrobi<strong>li</strong>s<br />

calke sakanSi Tokze ori tusaRi Camokides. erTi qristiani,<br />

meore ki bankis mflobe<strong>li</strong> mdidari Turqi. maT gansakuTrebu<strong>li</strong><br />

dacva miuCines. mcvelebs gaSiSvlebu<strong>li</strong> xmlebi<br />

mzad hqondaT, Tuki vinme patimrebs miuaxlovdeboda, rom<br />

aekuwaT. maT arc saWmels da arc sasmels ar aZlevdnen.<br />

isini sasikvdilod iyvnen ganwirulni. mama ilarionma ori<br />

didi msxa<strong>li</strong> aiRo, maTara wy<strong>li</strong>T aavso da xelsayrel moments<br />

daeloda. roca mcvelebma CaTv<strong>li</strong>mes, mama ilarioni<br />

Cumad gaZvra maT Soris. miuaxlovda jer erT Camokidebul<br />

patimars da pirSi wya<strong>li</strong> Caasxa, Semdeg meores. Semdeg Ti-<br />

Toeuls msxa<strong>li</strong> Caudo pirSi. dainaxa ra beris Tavganwirva,<br />

Turqma amoiluRluRa: ` ...alahi mogizRavs Sen keTi<strong>li</strong><br />

saqmeebisTvis, swrafad wadi, raTa mcvelebma ar agkuwon~.<br />

am dros bankis Turq mflobels naTesavma faSasTan uSuamdgomla<br />

da gamoixsna. bankis mflobe<strong>li</strong> yvelas uyveboda<br />

qarTve<strong>li</strong> beris gmirobis Sesaxeb da gaiZaxoda: ,,maCveneT<br />

is, mis saxes oqroTi Camovasxam da Tayvans vcem, rogorc<br />

Cems mxsnels~, magram mama ilarioni ukve aTonze iyo. mas<br />

gamocxdeba hqonda, rom swrafad daetovebina qalaqi. sanam<br />

gaemgzavreboda, ipova RvTisnieri adamiani, rome<strong>li</strong>c mis<br />

magivrad patimrebs mouv<strong>li</strong>da, TviTon ki sapyrobileSi<br />

Sevida patimrebTan gamosamSvidobeblad da uTxra maT, rom<br />

gasul Rames RvTisgan euwya aTonze dabrunebu<strong>li</strong>yo. is Rv-<br />

Tis gangebas unda damorCileboda. meore dRes, beris gamgzavrebis<br />

Semdeg, faSas brZaneba movida, rom berisTvis Tavi<br />

moekveTaT. maSin yvelam adida RmerTi da mama ilarionTan<br />

ganSorebis mwuxareba sixarulma Secvala. wmida mTaze dabrunebu<strong>li</strong><br />

mama ilarioni 3 we<strong>li</strong> gamoqvabulSi cxovrobda,<br />

Semdeg ki ufro mZime Rvaw<strong>li</strong> itvirTa da wm. pavles monastris<br />

godolSi daeyuda. dReSi mxolod 2 saaTi eZina. misi<br />

sazrdo iyo balaxi, xis fesvebi da wab<strong>li</strong>. wyalsac cotas<br />

svamda _ 1 patara Wiqas dReSi. Z<strong>li</strong>erma asketurma Rvawlma<br />

fizikurad ise daasusta, rom iZulebu<strong>li</strong> gaxda dayudebis<br />

− 146 − − 147 −

---

Rvawlze xe<strong>li</strong> aeRo. rogorc ki odnav momjobinda, iverTa<br />

monasterSi qarTul wignsacavs mixeda. moamzda krebu<strong>li</strong> 12<br />

tomad, romelsac ,,yvavilnari~ uwoda, wignebSi ZiriTadad<br />

wmindanTa cxovreba iyo aRweri<strong>li</strong>. es krebu<strong>li</strong> man gadasca<br />

zografis iRumens, rome<strong>li</strong>c ruseTSi miemgzavreboda. man<br />

Tormetive tomi gamosca qarTul enaze.<br />

mama ilarions moZRvarTa moZRvars uwodebdnen. su<strong>li</strong>eri<br />

rCevis misaRebad masTan yove<strong>li</strong> mxridan modiodnen, misi<br />

sityva Z<strong>li</strong>eri da miukerZoebe<strong>li</strong> iyo. erTxel, dionises<br />

monastris berebma daxmarebisaTvis mama ilarions mimarTes.<br />

man monastris winamZRvari usamarTlobaSi amxila. iRumens<br />

ar moewona aseTi pirdapiri da mkacri mxileba da mkvaxed<br />

miugo: `iRumenoba xom ar gsurs?~ amis Semdeg iRumeni Zmebs<br />

mama ilarionis winaaRmdeg aqezebda. `eh, aseT xalxTan me<br />

cxovreba ar SemiZ<strong>li</strong>a~ – Tqva mama ilarionma da anas patara<br />

savaneSi gadavida. male savaneSi mama ilarionTan beri haji-<br />

-giorgi mivida romelmac <strong>qriste</strong>s siyvaru<strong>li</strong>T SeniSna: `me<br />

maswav<strong>li</strong>di moTminebas, Sen ki wamoxvedi~. `ara – mSvidad<br />

upasuxa mama ilarionma – me saxarebiseulad moviqeci, sadac<br />

naTqvamia: Tu erT qalaqSi gdevnian, meoreSi gaiqeci~.<br />

aTonze saxelganTqmu<strong>li</strong> moRvawe evstaTi ambobda, rom<br />

mama ilarionma netari Teofanes, filoka<strong>li</strong>aSi (mSvenierebis,<br />

amaRlebu<strong>li</strong>s siyvaru<strong>li</strong>) aRweri<strong>li</strong> netarebis aTive<br />

safexuri gaiara.<br />

mama ilarioni 1864 w<strong>li</strong>s 12 Tebervals gardaicvala.<br />

sikvdi<strong>li</strong>s win mZimed dasneulebulma Tavis mowafes, mama<br />

sabas sTxova misi neSti malulad daekrZala. aTonze aseTi<br />

wesia: gardacvalebidan sami w<strong>li</strong>s Tavze saflavs xsnian.<br />

Tu neSti gauxrwne<strong>li</strong> aRmoCnda, mas wmidanad racxen. mama<br />

ilarionis saflavis gxsnisas, aTonelma berebma saocari<br />

keTilsurneleba igrZnes. misi wmida nawilebis gadatanisas<br />

erTma meudabnoe mamam mama sabas senakis Tavze mzis<br />

msgavsi manaTobe<strong>li</strong> sfero ixila, rome<strong>li</strong>c 1 saaTis ganmavlobaSi<br />

senakisgan moSorebiT haerSi mimodioda. meudabnoem<br />

gaifiqra, albaT mama ilarionis saflavi gaxsneso.<br />

nanaxiT gaocebulma mama sabas uambo, Tu rogor ixila misi<br />

senakis Tavze mzis magvari manaTobe<strong>li</strong> burTi, rome<strong>li</strong>c<br />

sxivebs afrqvevda. mama sabam ki Tavis mxriv uambo, zustad<br />

im dros, rogor amoiRes salavidan beris wmida nawilebi.<br />

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia ilarion qarTvel axals<br />

ixseniebs 14 (27) Tebervals (52).<br />

qebai da didebai qarTu<strong>li</strong>sa enisai<br />

`damarxul ars enai qarTu<strong>li</strong> dRemde meored mosv<strong>li</strong>sa misisa sawameblad<br />

raTa yovelsa enasa RmerTman amxilos amiT eniTa.<br />

da ese enai mZinare ars dResamomde da saxarebasa Sina amas enasa lazare<br />

hrqvian.<br />

da axalman nino moaqcia da helene dedofalman, ese arian orni dani,<br />

viTarca mariam da marTa.<br />

da megobrobai amisTvis Tqua, rameTu yove<strong>li</strong> saidumlo amas enasa<br />

Sina damarxul ars.<br />

da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisTvis Tqua daviT winaswarmetyvelman,<br />

rameTu `aTasi we<strong>li</strong> _ viTarca erTi dRe~.<br />

da saxarebasa Sina qarTulsa, xolo, Tavsa maTessa, wi<strong>li</strong> zis, romel<br />

asoi ars, da ityvis yovlad oTx aTassa maragsa.<br />

da ese ars oTxi dRei, da oTxisa dRisa mkudari, amisTvis mis Tanave<br />

daflu<strong>li</strong> sikudi<strong>li</strong>Ta naT<strong>li</strong>sRebisa misisaiTa.<br />

da ese enai, Semku<strong>li</strong> da kurTxeu<strong>li</strong> saxe<strong>li</strong>Ta uf<strong>li</strong>saiTa, mdaba<strong>li</strong> da<br />

dawunebu<strong>li</strong>, moe<strong>li</strong>s dResa mas meored mosvlasa uf<strong>li</strong>sasa,<br />

da saswaulad ese aqus: oTxmeoc da aToTxmeti we<strong>li</strong> umetes sxuaTa<br />

enaTa <strong>qriste</strong>s mosv<strong>li</strong>Tgan vidre dResamomde.<br />

da ese yove<strong>li</strong>, rome<strong>li</strong> weril ars, mowamed warmogiTxar, aso ese<br />

wi<strong>li</strong> anbanisai.~<br />

− 148 − − 149 −

---

,,qebai da didebai qarTu<strong>li</strong>sa enisai~ ara marto qarTu<strong>li</strong><br />

enis sadidebe<strong>li</strong> sagalobe<strong>li</strong>a, * igi amave dros mistiuri<br />

winaswarmetyvelebaa qarTu<strong>li</strong> eklesiis gansakuTrebu<strong>li</strong><br />

ro<strong>li</strong>s Sesaxeb <strong>qriste</strong>s meored mosv<strong>li</strong>sas. qarTu<strong>li</strong> eklesia<br />

* am sagalobe<strong>li</strong>s avtori ucnobia. ioane zosime (X s.) gadamweria. man<br />

igi moiZia sinas mTaze moRvaweobisas wmida ekaterines monasterSi. (63.<br />

gv. 475)<br />

erTgu<strong>li</strong> darCa marTlmadidebluri rwmenisa da arasodes<br />

midrekila mwvaleblobisken. amitom <strong>qriste</strong>, ufa<strong>li</strong> <strong>Cveni</strong><br />

meored mosv<strong>li</strong>sas qarTu<strong>li</strong> eniT ganikiTxavs codvil kacobriobas<br />

(ena Zvel qarTulSi aseve niSnavs xalxs, mT<strong>li</strong>anad<br />

qarTul modgmas). (63. gv. 477)<br />

,,da ese enai mZinare ars dResamomde da saxarebasa Sina<br />

amas enasa lazare hqvian~. avtori poemaSi qarTul enas lazares<br />

adarebs. qarTve<strong>li</strong> eri lazaresaviT mZinarea, magram<br />

Tuki Cven mtkiced davdgebiT da <strong>qriste</strong>s bolomde vuerTgulebT,<br />

maSin ufa<strong>li</strong> bolo Jams lazaresaviT mkvdreTiT<br />

aRgvadgens. qarTu<strong>li</strong> modgma kurTxeu<strong>li</strong>a. igi daibrunebs im<br />

didebas, rome<strong>li</strong>c mas uxsovar droSi hqonda da Seasrulebs<br />

im gansakuTrebul misias, rome<strong>li</strong>c mas ufalma Tavidanve<br />

daakisra. es misiaa uf<strong>li</strong>sadmi erTguleba, Tavganwirva da<br />

mowameoba, romelsac aucileblad mohyveba aRdgoma da amaRleba.<br />

(16.gv.70). bolo Jams qarTu<strong>li</strong> eklesia iqneba su<strong>li</strong>eri<br />

moZRvari da maga<strong>li</strong>Tis mimcemi msof<strong>li</strong>os xalxebisaTvis.<br />

<strong>Cveni</strong> winaprebi aRniSnavdnen qarTu<strong>li</strong> enis dRes lazares<br />

SabaTs, rome<strong>li</strong>c istoriulma bedukuRmarTobam dagvikarga.<br />

1985 wels, uwmindesisa da unetaresis i<strong>li</strong>a II-is locvakurTxeviT<br />

es dResaswau<strong>li</strong> aRsdga. (63. gv. 475).<br />

,,yove<strong>li</strong> saidumlo amas enasa Sina damarxul ars~. Zvel<br />

qarTul anbanSi yovel aso-niSans Tavisi Sesabamisi ricxvi-<br />

Ti mniSvneloba aqvs. lazares Seesabameba ricxvi 144 (l=30,<br />

a=1, z=7, a=1, r=100 da e=5, Sesabamisad lazare = 144). ioanes<br />

gamocxadebaSi (apoka<strong>li</strong>fsSi) ricxvi 144 aris im wmindanTa<br />

raodenoba, romlebic bolo Jams dadgebian kravTan<br />

erTad sionis mTaze (gamocxadeba 14:1) (63. gv. 476).<br />

saidumloebiT mocu<strong>li</strong> sagalobe<strong>li</strong>s `didebai da qebai<br />

qarTu<strong>li</strong>sa enisai~ teqstis sabolood amoxsna jer-jerobiT<br />

− 150 − − 151 −

---

ver xerxdeba. Tumca idea gamokveTi<strong>li</strong>a; qarTu<strong>li</strong> ena yovelTa<br />

enaTa upiratesia, igi saRmrTo enaa, rome<strong>li</strong>c Tavs<br />

wmidad inaxavs <strong>qriste</strong>s meored mosvlamde (53. gv. 104).<br />

,,...nawinaswarmetyvelebia, rom ukanasknel Jams<br />

kacobrioba dakargavs rwmenas, Caefloba codvebSi<br />

da mxolod qarTve<strong>li</strong> kaci daicavs WeSmarit sarwmunoebas.<br />

da ai, amis gamo, rogorc jildo, qarTvel<br />

ers miecema es wyaloba RvTisa, rom sayovelTao<br />

gankiTxva qarTu<strong>li</strong> eniT moxdeba. dalocvi<strong>li</strong> iyos<br />

qarTu<strong>li</strong> ena, romelsac lazaresaviT aRadgens ufa<strong>li</strong><br />

<strong>Cveni</strong> <strong>ieso</strong> <strong>qriste</strong>. ...<strong>Cveni</strong> erovnu<strong>li</strong> <strong>TviTSegne</strong>ba,<br />

<strong>Cveni</strong> qarTu<strong>li</strong> ena, <strong>Cveni</strong> marTlmadidebe<strong>li</strong> sarwmunoeba<br />

gadaarCens saqarTvelos.~<br />

sru<strong>li</strong>ad saqarTvelos kaTo<strong>li</strong>kos-patriarqi i<strong>li</strong>a II.<br />

ufalma Cvenma, <strong>ieso</strong> <strong>qriste</strong>m, Tavis sayvarel mowafes,<br />

ioanes, eklesiisa da samyaros momava<strong>li</strong> da dasasru<strong>li</strong><br />

gamoucxada. ioane mociqu<strong>li</strong>s gamocxadebaSi RmerTi mimarTavs<br />

aziis 7 eklesias. esenia: efeso, smirna, pergamosi,<br />

Tiatira, sardi, filadelfia da laodikia. am 7 eklesiidan<br />

mxolod filadelfiis eklesias mimarTavs RmerTi: `me<br />

Sen miyvarxar, Sen mcire Zala gaqvs, magram Cemi mcnebebi<br />

daicavi. Cemi gu<strong>li</strong>saTvis bevri gansacde<strong>li</strong> daiTmine, magram<br />

ar uaryavi saxe<strong>li</strong> Cemi. amitom bolo Jamis samsjavroze,<br />

rome<strong>li</strong>c kacobriobas moe<strong>li</strong>s, me dagicav. gvirgvini<br />

ukve xelT gaqvs, oRond frTxilad iyavi, ar wargtacon~<br />

(gamocxadeba 3:7,10). berZeni RvTismetyve<strong>li</strong> kirile lavr-<br />

iotisi (XIX s.) 35 we<strong>li</strong> swavlobda ioane mociqu<strong>li</strong>s<br />

gamocxadebas da mivida daskvnamde, rom filadelfiis eklesiaSi,<br />

romelsac RmerTi eubneba me Sen miyvarxar _ saqarTvelo<br />

igu<strong>li</strong>sxmeba. (berZnulad `filos~ niSnavs siyvaruls,<br />

`delfia~-gavrcelebas). qristianul eklesiebs Soris<br />

mxolod qarTu<strong>li</strong> eklesia darCa marTlmadidebluri<br />

tradiciebis erTgu<strong>li</strong>. patara saqarTvelo aris erTaderTi<br />

qveyana, romelsac marTlmadidebe<strong>li</strong> eklesiisaTvis<br />

arasodes uRalatia. misi ganmartebiT bizantiis imperia<br />

daemxo imitom, rom man gadauxvia uf<strong>li</strong>s gzas. Semdgom<br />

ufalma Tavisi Zalaufleba miando ruseTis marTlmadidebel<br />

mefeebs, magram maTac gadauxvies uf<strong>li</strong>s gzas da kidevac<br />

iwvnies RvTis risxva. bizantiac da ruseTic yovelTvis<br />

cdilobdnen saqarTvelos ganadgurebas. bizantia ukve aRar<br />

arsebobs. igive daemarTeba ruseTs. Tavisi sixarbisa da<br />

codvebisaTvis daisjeba, ganiZarcveba im ucxo samefoebisagan,<br />

romlebic man dapyrobiT SemoierTa. damcirebu<strong>li</strong> igi<br />

iqneba Semofarglu<strong>li</strong> mxolod sakuTari sazRvrebiT. misi<br />

dideba da siZ<strong>li</strong>ere kidev mxolod mcire droiT gagrZeldeba,<br />

is daecema da Tavis dacemul mdgomareobaSi gamoCndeba<br />

,,ubadruki, sawya<strong>li</strong>, glaxaki, brma da SiSve<strong>li</strong>, rogorc<br />

ufalma uwinaswarmetyvela laodekia – ruseTis eklesias.<br />

(kirile lavriotisi gamocxadebaSi naxsenebi laodekiis<br />

eklesiaSi ruseTs gu<strong>li</strong>sxmobs). laodekia-ruseTis eklesias<br />

ufa<strong>li</strong> eubneba: ,,vici Seni saqmeni: Sen arc civi xar, arc cxe<strong>li</strong>.<br />

oh, neta an civi iyo an cxe<strong>li</strong>. magram raki nel-Tbi<strong>li</strong><br />

xar, amitom amoganTxev piridan. Sen ambob: ,,me mdidari var,<br />

gavmdidrdi da araferi mak<strong>li</strong>a. is ki ar ici, rom ubeduri<br />

xar, sacodavi da Rataki.~ (ioanes gamocxadeba. Tavi 3:7-10).<br />

(asterios argiriusi, qarTve<strong>li</strong> imperatori aRmosavleTis<br />

marTlmadidebe<strong>li</strong> imperiis aRorZinebisaTvis 66. gv 122).<br />

− 152 − − 153 −

---

yvelas ar esmis is Zala da is mad<strong>li</strong>, rome<strong>li</strong>c gardamodis<br />

saqarTveloze; mavanma ar icis rom yovladwmida<br />

RvTismSobe<strong>li</strong> gansakuTrebiT ifaravs Cvens qveyanas da<br />

saqarTvelo aris misi wilxvedri. es rom icodnen, <strong>Cveni</strong><br />

Tanamemamuleni ar wavidodnen ucxoeTSi. Cven aq unda vipovoT<br />

sakuTari adgi<strong>li</strong>, es aris <strong>Cveni</strong> kurTxeu<strong>li</strong> da dalocvi<strong>li</strong><br />

miwa!<br />

Cven daviTianni varT! `daviTi~ niSnavs RvTisagan Seyvarebuls.<br />

Cven vuyvarvarT ufals, miuxedavad mrava<strong>li</strong><br />

sisusteebisa. mad<strong>li</strong>s keTebac viciT, codvaSic vvardebiT,<br />

magram mere isev vdgebiT da kvlav gzas ganvagrZobT da<br />

isev sikeTes vakeTebT. Cven bedniereba ucxoeTSi ki ar unda<br />

veZioT, aramed <strong>Cveni</strong>ve samSobloSi. gaxsovdeT, rom bednierebi<br />

viqnebiT mxolod saqarTveloSi! aq aris <strong>Cveni</strong> fesvebi,<br />

aq aris <strong>Cveni</strong> winaprebis Zvlebi da imedi maqvs, rom<br />

ucxoeTSi wasu<strong>li</strong> qarTve<strong>li</strong> xalxi kvlav dabrundeba. Cven<br />

gvqonda Sexvedra demografiu<strong>li</strong> dargis specia<strong>li</strong>stebTan<br />

da isini amboben, rom ucxoeTSi wasu<strong>li</strong> qarTvelebis gadagvareba<br />

ukve meore Taobidan iwyeba! xSir SemTxvevaSi ukve<br />

meore Taoba veRar laparakobs qarTulad.<br />

gaxsovdeT, qarTu<strong>li</strong> ena _ esaa <strong>Cveni</strong> oqros zRude da<br />

mas saTuTad unda gavufrTxildeT!<br />

minda vTqva, rom arc erTi eri, arc erTi qveyana ise<br />

ar scems Tayvans yovladwmida RvTisSobels, rogorc<br />

saqarTvelo. yvelam unda icodes, didma Tu pataram, rom<br />

RvTismSobe<strong>li</strong> daicavs Cvens ers da aravis apatiebs mis<br />

Seviwroebas.<br />

sru<strong>li</strong>ad saqarTvelos kaTo<strong>li</strong>kos-patriarqi i<strong>li</strong>a II.<br />

− 154 − − 155 −<br />

nikorwminda, wminda nikolozis taZari. re<strong>li</strong>efi. <strong>qriste</strong>s meored mosvla 1010-1014ww.

---

l i t e r a t u r a<br />

1. axa<strong>li</strong> aRTqumai, giorgi mTawminde<strong>li</strong>s redaqciiT, 2000.<br />

2. Zve<strong>li</strong> aRTqma, wigni Seqmnisa, saqarTvelos sapatriarqo,<br />

2006.<br />

3. qarTu<strong>li</strong> mwerloba, t. 23, 2005. kirion II, iveriis kulturu<strong>li</strong><br />

ro<strong>li</strong> ruseTis istoriaSi.<br />

4. episkoposi anania jafariZe, qarTvelTa winaprebis bib<strong>li</strong>uri<br />

istoria adamidan <strong>ieso</strong>mde, Tb. 1994.<br />

5. mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociqulo<br />

eklesiis istoria, t. 1, 2, 3.<br />

6. mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe, Soba, jvarcma, aRdgoma da<br />

amaRleba uf<strong>li</strong>sa da macxovrisa <strong>Cveni</strong>sa <strong>ieso</strong> <strong>qriste</strong>si, 1995.<br />

7. mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe, petre iberi marTlmadidebe<strong>li</strong><br />

episkoposi, 2002.<br />

8. mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe, qarTve<strong>li</strong> xalxis momzadeba<br />

macxovris misaRebad, 2001.<br />

9. mitropo<strong>li</strong>ti anania jafariZe, saqarTvelos eklesiis mokle<br />

istoria, Tb. 2007.<br />

10. diaCenko, sadResaswaulo saxarebaTa ganmarteba, 2002.<br />

11. wmindanTa cxovreba, w. I, II, Tb. 2003.<br />

12. s. janaSia, Sromebi, t. 3, 1959; t. 5, 1987.<br />

13. m. janaSvi<strong>li</strong>, saqarTvelos istoria, 1906.<br />

14. g. goza<strong>li</strong>Svi<strong>li</strong>, miTridate pontoe<strong>li</strong>, 1962.<br />

15. r. patariZe, qarTu<strong>li</strong> asomTavru<strong>li</strong>, 1980.<br />

16. z. gamsaxurdia, saqarTvelos su<strong>li</strong>eri misia, Tb. 1990.<br />

17. i. WavWavaZe, t. 5, 1987.<br />

18. l. WilaSvi<strong>li</strong>, nekresis uZvelesi qarTu<strong>li</strong> warwerebi da qarTu<strong>li</strong><br />

damwerlobis istoriis sakiTxebi, Tb. 2004.<br />

19. i. papiaSvi<strong>li</strong>, qarTvel ebraelTa warmomavloba da qarTu<strong>li</strong><br />

asomTavru<strong>li</strong> anbanis Seqmnis sakiTxisaTvis, ganTiadi, 1992.<br />

20. herodote, istoria, t. I, Tb. 1975.<br />

21. c. inwkirve<strong>li</strong>, <strong>ieso</strong> <strong>qriste</strong>s didmSvenieri dideba,<br />

22. qarT<strong>li</strong>s cxovreba, t . 1, 2.<br />

23. iveriis RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xati, Tb. 1999.<br />

24. n. kirTaZe, naTe<strong>li</strong> <strong>qriste</strong>si saqarTvelo, t. I-II.<br />

25. v. goilaZe, qarTu<strong>li</strong> eklesiis saTaveebTan.<br />

26. v. goilaZe, asurel mamaTa samSoblo da saqarTvelo.<br />

27. p. karbelaSvi<strong>li</strong>, ierarqia saqarTvelos eklesiisa, kaTa<strong>li</strong>kosni<br />

da mRvdelmTavarni, 1990.<br />

28. p. karbelaSvi<strong>li</strong>, qarTu<strong>li</strong> saero da sasu<strong>li</strong>ero kiloebi,<br />

1898.<br />

29. T. bagrationi, istoria dawyebiTgan iveriisa, ese igi giorgiisa,<br />

romel ars sru<strong>li</strong>ad saqarTveloisa, 1848.<br />

30. mcxeTa, Tbi<strong>li</strong>si, 2000.<br />

31. afxazeTi, saqarTvelos kulturu<strong>li</strong> memkvidreoba, t. I, 2007.<br />

32. eq. TayaiSvi<strong>li</strong>, Zve<strong>li</strong> saqarTvelo, t. III, 1913.<br />

33. J. feiqriSvi<strong>li</strong>, zogadi enaTmecnierebisa da qarTvelologiis<br />

sakiTxebi.<br />

34. a. gelovani, miTologiuri leqsikoni, Tb. 1983.<br />

35. s. yauxCiSvi<strong>li</strong>, ras gviamboben berZnebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb,<br />

1964.<br />

36. m. sabinini, saqarTvelos samoTxe.<br />

37. r. gabaSvi<strong>li</strong>, kavkasiuri rasis wv<strong>li</strong><strong>li</strong> msof<strong>li</strong>o civi<strong>li</strong>zaciaSi,<br />

38. z. batiaSvi<strong>li</strong>, kabadokia.<br />

39. saqarTvelos istoria, w. I, Tbi<strong>li</strong>sis universitetis gamomcemloba,<br />

2006.<br />

40. z. qafianiZe, kacobriobis pirve<strong>li</strong> anbani _ Sumerul-qarTu<strong>li</strong><br />

asomTavru<strong>li</strong>; T. mibCuani, Sumerul-qarTu<strong>li</strong> (svanuri)<br />

paralelebi, 2002.<br />

41. Jurna<strong>li</strong> `aia~, #9, 10, 2001.<br />

42. Rirsi aTone<strong>li</strong> mamebis ioanes, gabrie<strong>li</strong>s, eqvTimes da giorgis<br />

cxovreba da moRvaweoba, savedrebe<strong>li</strong> parak<strong>li</strong>si, sagalobe<strong>li</strong><br />

kanoni, 2004.<br />

43. gazeTi `iveria~, #232, 1888.<br />

44. Jurna<strong>li</strong> `iveria~, #14, 1877.<br />

45. gr. feraZe, ucxoel pi<strong>li</strong>grimTa cnobebi palestinis qarTve<strong>li</strong><br />

berebisa da qarTu<strong>li</strong> monastrebis Sesaxeb.<br />

46. e. mamisTvalaSvi<strong>li</strong>, qarTvelebi da bib<strong>li</strong>uri samyaro,<br />

47. e. mamisTvalaSvi<strong>li</strong>, ierusa<strong>li</strong>mis jvris monastris istoria,<br />

48. p. konWoSvi<strong>li</strong>, mogzauroba wmida qalaq ierusa<strong>li</strong>msa da wmida<br />

aTonis mTazed, Tb. 1901.<br />

− 156 − − 157 −

---

49. Jurna<strong>li</strong> `akademia~, 1, 2001.<br />

50. Zve<strong>li</strong> qarTu<strong>li</strong> agiografiu<strong>li</strong> <strong>li</strong>teraturis Zeglebi, II, petre<br />

qarTve<strong>li</strong>s cxovreba, 1967.<br />

51. cxovreba petre iberisa. asuru<strong>li</strong> redaqcia. Tb., 1988.<br />

52. mRvdelmonazoni antoni mTawminde<strong>li</strong>, mRvdelsqimmonazvnis<br />

ilarion qarTve<strong>li</strong>s cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis narkvevebi,<br />

Tb. 1993.<br />

53. saeklesio <strong>li</strong>teraturu<strong>li</strong> kalendari, 2000.<br />

54. m. tuskia, wmida grigol xanZTe<strong>li</strong>.<br />

55. n. taryaSvi<strong>li</strong>, saqarTvelos mefe wmindanebi, 2005.<br />

56. d. musxe<strong>li</strong>Svi<strong>li</strong>, saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevi, Tb. 2008.<br />

57. cxovreba, daujdome<strong>li</strong> da parak<strong>li</strong>si Rirsi Sio mRvime<strong>li</strong>sa,<br />

2004.<br />

58. petriwonis bulgaru<strong>li</strong> savane.<br />

59. qarTvel wmindanTa cxovreba, 2000.<br />

60. gazeTi `mrev<strong>li</strong>~ #7 (55), 2001.<br />

61. Michael Kurdiani, Georgian language and Script, 2008.<br />

62. Lives of the Georgian Saints, ST. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood, 2006.<br />

63. The Orthodox Word, No. 3(164), May-June, 1992.<br />

64. qarTu<strong>li</strong> qristianu<strong>li</strong> xelovneba<br />

Georgian Christian Art. Tbi<strong>li</strong>si 2008<br />

65. Jurna<strong>li</strong> ,,oqros sawmisi~ #4 1976<br />

66. g. mamalaZe, konstituciuri saxalxo monarqiisaTvis, 2007.<br />

67. s.m. JRenti, n. mari da axa<strong>li</strong> saenaTmecniero moZRvreba,<br />

1934.<br />

68. m. babuxardia, n. maris <strong>li</strong>ngvisturi moZRvreba da enaTa tipologia,<br />

2005<br />

69. akad. niko maris dabadebis 120 w<strong>li</strong>sTavisTvis miZRvni<strong>li</strong> saiubileo<br />

sesiis masalebi, Tb., 1988.<br />

70. akad. boris kuftini, saqarTvelos ssr po<strong>li</strong>tikuri da mecnieru<strong>li</strong><br />

codnis gamavrcelebe<strong>li</strong> sazogadoeba, qarTu<strong>li</strong> kulturis<br />

uZvelesi kera TrialeTSi, Tb. 1949.<br />

sarCevi<br />

odesRac didi yofila saqarTvelo ...............................................................3<br />

kavkasiuri rasis wv<strong>li</strong><strong>li</strong> msof<strong>li</strong>o civi<strong>li</strong>zaciaSi ..................................18<br />

uZvelesi qarTu<strong>li</strong> warwerebi ........................................................................20<br />

wmida e<strong>li</strong>a winaswarmetyve<strong>li</strong>s mosasxami (xaleni),<br />

winamorbedi uf<strong>li</strong>s kvarTis SemobrZanebisa saqarTveloSi. ................. 24<br />

nenana ....................................................................................................................36<br />

qarTvelno, erTad RvTisaken! ........................................................................37<br />

awyuris RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s xelTuqmne<strong>li</strong> xatis saswaulebi .........................50<br />

Tbi<strong>li</strong>sSi xvarazmelTagan wamebu<strong>li</strong> 100 000 mowame (1227) ................. 84<br />

yovladwmida RvTismSob<strong>li</strong>s didi gamocxadeba .........................................86<br />

6000 wmida mama, daviT garejis udabnoSi mowameobrivad<br />

aRsrulebu<strong>li</strong> (1626) ...................................................................................... 89<br />

marTlmadidebloba – WeSmariti sarwmunoeba .........................................93<br />

wmida efemiam saswaulebrivad daamtkica marTlmadidebe<strong>li</strong><br />

sarwmunoebis WeSmariteba ...............................................................................95<br />

saqarTvelo _ wmida miwisa da aRmosavleTSi<br />

qristianobis damcve<strong>li</strong> ............................................................................... 102<br />

ierusa<strong>li</strong>mis wmida jvris monasteri ..........................................................110<br />

aTonis iverTa monasteri ..............................................................................114<br />

zogi ram qarTu<strong>li</strong> tixru<strong>li</strong> minanqris Sesaxeb ......................................123<br />

wmida petre iberi (411-491) .........................................................................125<br />

Rirsi ilarion qarTve<strong>li</strong>, saswaulTmoqmedi (875). ..............................135<br />

wmida anTimoz iverie<strong>li</strong> ..............................................................................139<br />

wmida ilarion qarTve<strong>li</strong> axa<strong>li</strong> ..................................................................141<br />

qebai da didebai qarTu<strong>li</strong>sa enisai ...........................................................149<br />

l i t e r a t u r a ...................................................................................156<br />

− 158 − − 159 −

---

madlobas vuxdiT ana xaritonaSvils wignis gamocemaSi<br />

gaweu<strong>li</strong> finansuri daxmarebisTvis.<br />

wigni Seadgines ana abulaZe, biologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori<br />

maia yaWeiSvi<strong>li</strong><br />

kompiuteru<strong>li</strong> momsaxureba mariam yaWeiSvi<strong>li</strong><br />

aleqsandre kuzanaSvi<strong>li</strong><br />

koreqtori elene koplataZe<br />

daxmarebisTvis madlobas vuxdiT monazon anas (surgulaZe),<br />

S. amiranaSvi<strong>li</strong>s saxelobis saqarTvelos xelovnebis<br />

erovnu<strong>li</strong> muzeumis konservators, doqtor giorgi marsagiSvils,<br />

qeTevan tuRuSs, mariam miqiaSvils, nana zaqroSvils,<br />

ana kakabaZes da Tamar mWed<strong>li</strong>Svils.<br />

− 160 −