darigeba sasrolo saqmeSi 7.

62 mm-iani dragunovis snaiperis SaSxana ()

nawili pirveli snaiperis SaSxanis mowyobiloba, Senaxva da movla
Tavi I zogadi cnobebi
snaiperis SaSxanis daniSnuleba da sabrZolo Tvisebebi
1. 7,62 mm-iani dragunovis snaiperis SaSxana (nax. 1) aris snaiperis iaraRi. is gankuTvnilia sxvadasxva saxis: drodadro xilvadi (gamomCeni), moZravi, Ria da SeniRbuli erTeuli miznebis gasanadgureblad. snaiperis SaSxaniT gaxsnili cecxli yvelaze efeqtiania 800 m manZilze. optikuri samizniT srolis gamiznuli manZilia 1300 m, xolo Ria samizniT _ 1200 m. mkerdis figuraSi pirdapiri srolis manZili 430 m udris, xolo moZrav (morbenal) figuraSi _ 640 m. sabrZolo swrafsrola Seadgens 30 gasrolas wuTSi. optikur-samizniani snaiperis SaSxanis masa, xiSt-danis gareSe, aRuWuravi (daclili, carieli), savazne kolofiTa da kondaxis baliSiT Seadgens 4,3 kg. 2. snaiperis SaSxaniT srolisaTvis iyeneben SaSxanis vaznebs Cveulebrivi, mgezveli (mgezavi) da javSangamtan-cecxlgamCeni tyviebiT an SaSxanebisaTvis gankuTvnil snaiperul vaznebs. snaiperis SaSxanas calkeuli gasrolebiT isvrian. srolis dros vaznebs awvdian savazne kolofidan, romelSic 10 vazna eteva.

nax. 1. dragunovis snaiperis SaSxanis saerTo xedi

snaiperis SaSxanis ZiriTadi nawilebi da meqanizmebi, maTi muSaoba srolis dros

3. snaiperis SaSxanas aqvs Semdegi ZiriTadi nawilebi da meqanizmebi (nax. 2): _ lula lulis kolofiT, meqanikuri samizniTa da kondaxiT; _ lulis kolofis saxuravi; _ damabrunebeli meqanizmi; _ saketis CarCo; _ saketi; _ gazis milaki da regulatori, gazis dguSi da zambariani sabiZgebeli; _ lulis zesadebebi (marjvena da marcxena); _ damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmi; _ mcveli; _ savazne kolofi; _ kondaxis baliSebi; _ optikuri samizne; _ xiSt-dana. snaiperis SaSxanis kompleqtSi Sedis sakuTno, optikuri samiznis SaliTa, CanTa optikuri samiznisa da savazne kolofebis gadasatanad, patara CanTa optikuri samiznis badis ganaTebis zamTris mowyobilobis gadasatanad, saTadarigo batareebi, sazeTurebi da qamari.

1. xiSt-dana; 2. gazis milaki da rgulatori; 3. gazis dguSi; 4. zambariani sabiZgebeli; 5. damabrunebeli meqanizmi; 6. lulis kolofis Tavsaxuri; 7. kondaxis baliSi; 8. optikuri samizne; 9. damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmi; 10. savazne kolofi; 11. mcveli; 12. lula lulis kolofiT, meqanikuri samizniTa da kondaxiT; 13. lulis zesadebebi; 14. saketi; 15. saketis CarCo.

nax. 2. snaiperis SaSxanis ZiriTadi nawilebi da meqanizmebi

4. snaiperis SaSxana TviTdamteni iaraRia. iaraRis gadatena xdeba lulis arxidan gazis dguSisken mimarTuli denTis airis energiis gamoyenebis xarjze. gasrolis dros denTis airis is nawili, romelic tyvias mosdevs, lulis kedelSi arsebuli airamridi naxvretiT xvdeba gazis kameraSi, awveba gazis dguSis wina kedels da ukuagdebs dguSsa da sabiZgebels da maTTan erTad ukana mdgomareobaSi ayenebs saketis CarCos. rodesac saketis CarCo ukan gadadis, saketi lulis arxs xsnis, savaznidan iRebs masras da lulis kolofidan gareT gadmoagdebs mas. saketis CarCo kumSavs damabrunebel zambarebs da fexze Seayenebs Caxmaxs. saketis CarCosa da sakets wina mdgomareobaSi abrunebs damabrunebeli meqanizmi; am dros saketi savazne kolofidan savazneSi morig vaznas awvdis da ketavs lulis arxs. saketis CarCo aTavisuflebs avtosasxletis qanqaras Caxmaxis avtosasxletis Caxmaxis fexisagan. Caxmaxi sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi dgeba (Caxmaxis fexi Seyenebulia). saketi iketeba misi marcxniv mobrunebiT da sabrZolo Sverilebis SesvliT lulis kolofis amonaWrebSi. morigi gasrolisas saWiroa sasxletze xelis aSveba da xelaxla masze daWera. sasxleti kauWis gaTavisuflebis Semdeg sawevi win gadaadgileba da misi CamWidi qanqaras moedeba, xolo sasxlet kauWze daWeriT sawevis CamWidi Semoatrialebs qanqaras da daacilebs mas Caxmaxis fexs. bolo vaznis gasrolisas, rodesac saketi ukan gadava, savazne kolofis mimwodebeli zeviT wevs saketis saCers, saketi mas miebjineba da saketis CarCo ukana mdgomareobaSi rCeba (Cerdeba). es imis maniSnebelia, rom saWiroa SaSxanis kvlav (Tavidan) datena.

Tavi II snaiperis SaSxanis daSla da awyoba

5. snaiperis SaSxana SeiZleba daiSalos srulad an arasrulad. arasrulad is iSleba maSin, rodesac saWiroa misi gawmenda, dazeTva da daTvaliereba; srulad SaSxana iSleba Zlieri dabinZurebis SemTxvevaSi, raTa gaiwmindos; rodesac is wvimaSi an TovlSi moxvdeba; Tu icvleba zeTi an rodesac saWiroa SaSxanis SekeTeba. dauSvebelia SaSxanis xSiri daSla, vinaidan es aCqarebs misi nawilebisa da meqnizmebis cveTas. SaSxana unda davSaloT da avawyoT magidaze an sufTa safenze; nawilebi da meqanizmebi unda daiwyos daSlis TanamimdevrobiT. maT frTxilad unda moeqcnen, ar daadon erTmaneTs, ar gamoiyenon zedmeti Zala da mkveTri dartymebi. SaSxanis awyobisas unda Seadaron erTmaneTs misi nawilebis nomrebi. ase magaliTad: lulis kolofis nomers unda Seesabamebodes saketis CarCos, saketis, damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmis, lulis kolofis saxuravis, optikuri samiznisa da SaSxanis sxva nawilebis nomrebi. sabrZolo SaSxanebis gamoyenebiT misi daSla-awyobis swavleba mxolod gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSia daSvebuli, am dros saWiro nawilebisa da meqanizmebis moxsna-dayenebisas. 6. snaiperis SaSxanis arasruli daSlis wesi (Tanamimdevroba). 1) savazne kolofis moxsna. marjvena xeli mokideT savazne kolofs, cera TiTi daaWireT saketelas (nax. 3) win wawieT savazne kolofis qveda nawili da moxseniT is. amis Semdeg SeamowmeT, aris Tu ara savazneSi vazna. amisaTvis mcveli qveviT dauSviT, gadatenis saxeluri ukan gadawieT, daaTvaliereT savazne da xeli auSviT saxelurs. 2) optikuri samiznis moxsna. zeviT awieT momWeri xraxnis saxeluri da bolomde SemoabruneT is Tvalsafris mxares (nax. 4); ukan gadawieT samizne da moxseniT lulis kolofidan.

nax. 3. savazne kolofis moxsna

3) kondaxis baliSis moxsna. kondaxis baliSis saketis kilo (Wrili) qveviT miabruneT (nax. 5); mWids moxseniT maryuJi da moxseniT baliSi.

nax. 4. optikuri samiznis moxsna

nax. 5. kondaxis baliSis moxsna

4) lulis kolofis saxuravisa da damabrunebeli meqanizmis moxsna. lulis kolofis saxuravis Camketi moabruneT ukan, vidre is fiqsatoriT dafiqsirdeba; zeviT awieT lulis kolofis saxuravis ukana nawili (nax. 6), moxseniT saxuravi da damabrunebeli meqanizmi.

nax. 6. lulis kolofis Tavsaxurisa da damabrunebeli meqanizmis moxsna

5) saketis CarCosa da saketis moxsna. saketis CarCo bolomde ukan gadawieT, odnav zeviT awieT (nax. 7) da moxseniT lulis kolofs. 6) saketisa da saketis CarCos gancalkaveba. saketi ukan gadawieT; moabruneT is ise, rom saketis wamyvani Sverili gamovides saketis CarCos figuruli amonaWridan da win gadaadgileT saketi (nax. 8).

nax. 7. saketis CarCosa da CarCos nax. 8. saketisa da saketis moxsna CarCos gancalkeveba

7) damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmis moxsna. mcveli zeviT awieT da vertikalur mdgomareobaSi daayeneT (nax. 9a), gadaaadgileT is marjvniv da moxseniT lulis kolofidan; xeli mokideT sasxletis kavs (nax. 9b) da qveviT daweviT damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmi lulis kolofidan moxseniT.

a - mcvelis moxsna; b - damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmis moxsna.

nax. 9. damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmis moxsna

8) lulis zesadebebis moxsna. miabjineT zeda sabrjeni rgolis Camketi gazis milaks ise, rom Camketis gadanakeci gamovides rgolis amonaWridan da marjvniv bolomde SemoabruneT Camketi (nax. 10a); zeda samjeni rgolis gadanacvlebadi nawili win gadaaadgileT; zevidan daaweqiT lulis zesadebs da gverdze gadawieT is, Semdeg moxseniT lulidan. Tu Wirs lulis zesadebebis moxsna, saWiroa penalis gasaRebis amonaWeris Cadgma zesadebis xvrelSi (nax. 10b), Semdeg qveviT da gverdze moZraobiT moxseniT lulis zesadebi.

a - saketis Semobruneba; b - lulis zesadebis moxsna.

nax. 10. lulis zesadebebiis moxsna

9) gazis dguSisa da zambariani sacemelis moxsna. sabiZgebeli ukan gadawieT, misi wina bolo (mxare) gamoiyvaneT dguSis budidan da gazis milaks moxseniT dguSi (nax. 11a); SeiyvaneT sabiZgeblis wina bolo gazis milakSi; SekumSeT sabiZgeblis zambara ise, rom is gamovides samiznis xundis arxidan (nax. 11b) da moxseniT zambariani sabiZgebeli, Semdeg ki sabiZgebels zambara moxseniT.

nax. 11. gazis dguSis da zambariani sabiZgeblis moxsna

a - gazis dguSis moxsna; b - sabiZgeblis moxsna.

7. snaiperis SaSxanis arasruli daSlis Semdeg misi awyobis wesi. 1) SeaerTeT gazis dguSi da zambariani sabiZgebeli. CamoacviT zambara sabiZgeblis ukana bolos; gazis milakSi SeiyvaneT sabiZgeblis wina bolo; SekumSeT zambara da zambariani sabiZgeblis ukana bolo samiznis xundis arxSi SeiyvaneT; sabiZgebeli gadawieT ukan da misi wina bolo gamoiyvaneT gazis milakidan da gverdze gadawieT; CadgiT gazis dguSi gazis milakSi, xolo sabiZgeblis wina bolo _ dguSis budeSi. 2) lulis zesadebebis dayeneba. lulis marjvena (marcxena) zesadebis ukana (gafarToebuli) bolo CadgiT qveda sabjen rgolSi ise, rom zesadebis amonaWeri iyos mimarTuli samiznisaken, Semdeg daaweqiT zesadebs da SeuerTeT is lulas. zeda sabjeni rgolis gadaadgilebadi nawili zesadebebis bunikebis Tavze moaTavseT da zeda sabjeni rgolis Camketi abruneT gazis milakisaken manamde, vidre misi gadanakeci rgolis amonaWerSi Seva. 3) damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmis dayeneba (mierTeba). damrtymel-saxleti meqanizmis korpusis amonaWrebi SeiyvaneT lulis kolofis Sesakravis RerZs ukan da lulis kolofs miaWireT damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmi; mcvelis RerZi SeiyvaneT lulis kolofis naxvretSi; mcveli gadaiyvaneT vertikalur mdgomareobaSi, mWidrod miaWireT is lulis kolofs da qveviT miabruneT ise, rom faris Sverili Sevides lulis kolofis qveda mafiqsirebel (safiqsirebel) amonaWerSi. 4) saketis CarCoze saketis dayeneba. saketis cilindruli nawili CadgiT saketis CarCos arxSi, SemoabruneT saketi ise, rom misi wamyvani Sverili Sevides saketis CarCos figurul amonaWerSi da bolomde wawieT saketi. 5) saketisa da saketis CarCos dayeneba. SeakaveT saketi wina mdomareobaSi, saketis CarCos mimmarTveli Sverilebi moaTavseT lulis kolofis gadanakecis WrilebSi, mcire Zalis gamoyenebiT saketis lulis kolofs miaWireT da win wawieT. 6) SaSxanaze lulis kolofis saxuravisa da damabrunebeli meqanizmis dayeneba. damabrunebeli meqanizmi SeiyvaneT saketis CarCos arxSi; SekumSeT damabrunebeli zambarebi, moaTavseT saxuravis wina boloze arsebuli Sverilebi qveda sabjeni rgolis amonaWrebSi; daaweqiT saxuravis ukana bolos, vidre is srulad miedeba lulis kolofs; lulis kolofis saxuravis Camketi win miabruneT, raTa is fiqsatoriT dafiqsirdes.
5

7) miuerTeT kondaxis baliSi. baliSi daadeT kondaxis zeda nawils ise, rom kilo (Wrili) marjvniv misTvis gankuTvnili amonaWris pirdapir (win) iyos; mWids CamoacviT maryuJi da zeviT miabruneT kilo. 8) optikuri samiznis dayeneba. SeuTavseT samiznis kronSteinis kiloebi (Wrilebi) lulis kolofis marcxena kedlis Sverilebs; samizne bolomde win wawieT da moabruneT momWeri xraxnis saxeluri obieqtivisaken ise, rom misi gadanakeci Sevides kronSteinis amonaWerSi. 9) savazne kolofis dayeneba. lulis kolofis naxvretSi SeiyvaneT savazne kolofis CamWidi da SemoabruneT is Tqvenken ise, rom saketela gamoedos savazne kolofis sayrden Sverils. 8. snaiperis SaSxanis sruli daSlis wesi 1) arasrulad daSaleT SaSxana. amisaTvis ixelmZRvaneleT me-6 muxliT. 2) daSaleT savazne kolofi. magdebelas gamoyenebiT saCeris Tamasas Sverili CauSviT savazne kolofis saxuravze arsebul naxvretSi da ramdenadme win wawieT saxuravi; cera TiTiT SeakaveT saCeris Tamasa (nax. 12), moxseniT saxuravi korpuss; TandaTan gaaTavisufleT zambara, savazne kolofis korpusidan amoiReT zambara saCeris TamasasTan erTad, Semdeg moxseniT mimwodebeli (vaznebis mimwodebeli).

nax. 12. lulis kolofis Tavsaxuris moxsna

3) daSaleT damabrunebeli meqanizmi. daaWireT sayuris RerZis zambarian fiqsators da lulis kolofis saxuravis marcxena kedelze arsebul naxvretSi Seyvanili magdebelaTi amoagdeT sayuris RerZi (nax. 13a); zeviT SeabruneT damabrunebeli meqanizmi ise, rom is vertikalur mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndes da gamoitaneT sayure saxuravis sadebis naxvretidan (nax. 13b). zumbas rgols gaukeTeT mimmarTveli milisa, vertikalurad daayeneT is magidaze an sabjenze da SekumSeT ukana damabrunebeli zambara ise, rom misi bolo amovides sayuris budidan, adgilidan daZariT sayure da mimmarTveli Reros Sverilidan moxseniT is (nax. 13g); moxseniT damabrunebeli zambarebi da Rero mommarTveli milisadan.

a - sayuris RerZis amogdeba; b - damabrunebeli meqanizmis moxsna; g - sayuris moxsna.

nax. 13. damabrunebeli meqanizmis daSla

4) daSaleT saketi. magdebelaTi amoagdeT sarWi, romelsac ukavia sacemeli da saketis arxidan amoiReT sacemeli; magdebelaTi amoagdeT amomgdebis RerZi (nax. 14) da saketidan amoiReT zambariani amomgdebi.
6

5) daSaleT damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmi. daaWireT avtosasxletis betkets da ganacalkaveT avtosasxletis qanqara da Caxmaxi; cera TiTiT daiWireT Caxmaxi, daaWireT sasxlets (nax. 15), mdovrad dasxletiT Caxmaxi; gaaTavisufleT sasxletis kauWis zambaris boloebi damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmis korpusis kauWebisagan; saxraxnisis gamoyenebiT SeuTavseT sasxleti kauWis, qanqarasa da avtosasxletis RerZebis Sverilebi maTTvis gankuTvnil amonaWrebs, romlebic damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmis korpusis marjvena kedelzea; amoagdeT sasxleti kauWis RerZi da moxseniT sasxleti kauWiszambarasTan erTad; amoagdeT qanqaras RerZi da moxseniT qanqara; amoagdeT avtosasxletis RerZi da moxseniT avtosasxleti; magdebelas gamoyenebiT amoagdeT Caxmaxis RerZi, moxseniT Caxmaxi damrtymel zambarasTan erTad, Semdeg Caxmaxis poWoWikebidan moxseniT sabrZolo zambara.

nax. 14. amomgdeblis RerZis amogdeba

nax. 15. Caxmaxis dakaveba dasxletis dros

6) moxseniT gazis milaki regulatorTan erTad. SemoabruneT regulatori (ix. nax. 23) ise, rom mis wina nawilze arsebuli amonaWeri SeuTavsdes gazis milakis saketelas Sverils, TiTi daaWireT saketelas da penalis gasaRebis gamoyenebiT amoxraxneT gazis milaki (nax. 16), Semdeg ki moxseniT mas regulatori.

nax. 16. gazis milakis moxsna

9. snaiperis SaSxanis awyobis Tanamimdevroba misi sruli daSlis Semdeg. 1) miaerTeT gazis milaki da regulatori. gazis milaks CamoacviT regulatori; daaweqiT gazis milakis saketelas da CaxraxneT gazis milaki. amisaTvis penalis gasaRebi gamoiyeneT. milakze arsebuli amonaWeri unda SeuTavsdes saketelas Sverils; saketelas Sverili milakis amonaWerSi unda Sevides; regulatori saWiro danayofze daayeneT. 2) aawyeT damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmi: _ miuerTeT sasxleti kauWi: korpusSi CaayeneT sasxleti kauWi mis zambarasTan erTad (zambaris maryuJi sawevis ukana boloze unda iyos), CadgiT RerZi, misi Sverili SeuTavseT korpusis marjvena kedelze arsebul amonaWers da saxraxnisis gamoyenebiT SemoatrialeT RerZi; _ miuerTeT (daayeneT) Caxmaxi sabrZolo zambarasTan erTad: CamoacviT sabrZolo zambara Caxmaxis poWoWikebs; CadgiT Caxmaxi korpusSi da daamagreT is RerZiT; _ daayeneT qanqara: korpusSi CaayeneT qanqara ise, rom misi bolo (kudi) moedos sabrZolo zambaris grZeli bolos maryuJs; CaayeneT RerZi, SeuTavseT misi Sverili korpusis marjvena kedelze arsebul amonaWers; saxraxnisiT SemoatrialeT RerZi; _ daayeneT avtosasxleti: CaayeneT avtosasxleti korpusSi ise, rom misi bolo gamoedos sabrZolo zambaris mokle bolos maryuJs; CaayeneT RerZi, misi Sverili SeuTavseT
7

korpusis marjvena kedelze arsebul amonaWers da saxraxnisiT SemoatrialeT RerZi; sasxleti kauWis zambaris boloebi gamosdeT korpusis CamWidebs. 3) aawyeT saketi. zambariani magdebela CadgiT saketis amonaWerSi, daaweqiT magdebelas da CaayeneT magdebelas RerZi; saketis arxSi SeiyvaneT sacemeli ise, rom misi safexuri mimarTuli iyos sarWisaken; wamyvani Sverilis mxridan saketis naxvretSi CadgiT sarWi da bolomde win gawieT. 4) aawyeT damabrunebeli meqanizmi. ufro didi diametris naxvretis mxridan mimmarTvel milisaSi CadgiT mimmarTveli Rero (amonaWrebiT win), mimmarTvel milisas CamoacviT damabrunebeli zambarebi; zumbas rgols CamoacviT mimmarTveli da vertikalur mdgomareobaSi daayeneT is magidaze an sabjenze; SekumSeT ukana damabrunebeli zambara, mimmarTvel Reros CamoacviT sayure da gawieT is gverdze, Reros amonaWrebze. gaaTavisufleT zambara (misi bolo unda Sevides sayuris naxvretSi); SeiyvaneT sayure lulis kolofis saxuravis sadebis xvrelSi; daaweqiT sayuris RerZis zambarian fiqsators da gadawieT naxvretamde sayuris RerZi ise, rom misi bolo fiqsatorSi Sevides. 5) aawyveT savazne kolofi. savazne kolofis korpusSi moaTavseT (CadgiT) mimwodebeli; SekumSeT zambara, raTa saCeri Tamasa Sevides korpusSi. am mdgomareobaSi SeakaveT is da savazne kolofs saxuravi gaukeTeT ise, rom is Tavisi satacebiT korpusis gadanakecebs moedos da dafiqsirdes. saCeri Tamasas Sverili saxuravis naxvretSi unda Caxtes. 6) Semdgom awyobis procesi unda gagrZeldes me-7 muxlis Sesabamisad. 10. xiSt-danis gakeTeba da moxsna. 1) xiSt-danis gakeTeba. qarqaSidan amoiReT xiSt-dana; kiloebiT wamoacviT samiznis fuZis sayrdens; rgoli ki _ alCamqrobs ise, rom saketela srulad (bolomde) Caiketos. 2) xiSt-danis moxsna. marjvena xelis cera TiTiT daaweqiT saketelas (nax. 18), win (zeviT) wawieT xiSt-dana da moxseniT SaSxanas. CadeT is qarqaSSi.

nax. 17. xiSt-danis gakeTeba

nax. 18. xiSt-danis moxsna

Tavi III snaiperis SaSxanis nawilebisa da meqanizmebis, sakuTnosa da vaznebis mowyobiloba

SaSxanis nawilebisa da meqanizmebis daniSnuleba

11. lula (nax. 19) gamoiyeneba tyviis frenisaTvis mimarTulebis misaniWeblad. lulas SigniT aqvs arxi oTxi naWdeviT (kuTxviliT), romlebic marcxnidan zeviT marjvniv ixveva; agreTve aris savazne, lulis gamosasvleli da airamridi naxvreti. lulis arxis kalibri 7,62 mm-ia.
8

garedan lulas aqvs: samiznis fuZe, gazis kamera, rgolkavi qamrisaTvis, lulis zesadebebis, zeda da qveda sabjeni rgolebi, samiznis xundi da amonaWeri saxazino gadanaWerze amomgdebis CamWidisaTvis.

1. SaSxanis samiznis fuZe; 2. gazis kamera; 3. zeda sabjeni rgolis gadaadgilebadi nawili; 4. zeda sabjeni rgolis uZravi nawili; 5. lulis zesadebebi; 6. samiznis xundi; 7. qveda sabjeni rgoli; 8. zeda rgolis saketi; 9. rgolkavi.

nax. 19. lula

samiznis fuZes (nax. 20) aqvs alCamqrobi da kilo samiznis mcvelisaTvis.

sabjeni

xiSt-danis

dasamagreblad,

xvreliani

1.

samiznis mcveli; 2. kilo samiznis mcvelisaTvis; 3. sabjeni xiSt-danisaTvis; 4. alCamqrobi.

nax. 20. samiznis fuZe

gazis kamera (nax. 21) gamoiyeneba denTis airis misamarTad lulidan gazis dguSze. is Sedgeba naxvretiani gazis milakisa, regulatorisa, gazis dguSisa da gazis milakis saketelasagan. gazis kameris SigniT daxrili naxvretia, romelic SeTavsebulia lulis kedelSi arsebul airamrid naxvretTan. gazis milakis garedan aris oTxwaxnagiani Sesqeleba (gasqeleba) penalis gasaRebisaTvis.

1. gazis milaki; 2. oTxwaxnaga Sesqeleba penalis gasaRebisaTvis; 3. gazis dguSi; 4. gazis dguSis Tavi; 5. sabiZgeblis bude; 6. gazis milakis saketela; 7. gazis kamera; 8. regulatori.

nax. 21. gazis kamera

gazis dguSi Tavsdeba gazis milakSi da gamoiyeneba denTis airis wnevis sabiZgebelisaTvis gadasacemad. mas aqvs Tavi da bude sabiZgeblis wina bolosaTvis. zambariani sabiZgebeli (nax. 22) gamoiyeneba gasrolis dros saketis CarCos ukan gadasayvanad. mas aqvs buniki zambaris misabjenad da sabiZgeblis ukan gadaadgilebis SesazRudavad. sabiZgeblis zambara gamoiyeneba sabiZgeblisa da gazis dguSis wina mdgomareobaSi dasabruneblad.

1.

nax. 22. sabiZgebeli

gvirgvini; 2. sabiZgeblis zambara.

regulators aqvs ori mdgomareoba, romlebic aRniSnulia cifrebiT 1 da 2. mas ayeneben gazis milakis saketelas kawrulis gaswvriv 1-el danayofze. Tu xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi isvrian da iaraRs ar wmendnen an ar zeTaven, aman SeiZleba gamoiwvios Seferxeba srolaSi _ moZravi nawilebis arasruli ukan dabruneba (daxeva). am SemTxvevaSi regulatori me-2 poziciaSi (mdgomareobaSi) gadahyavT. amisaTvis regulatoris CamWidebSi unda Seiyvanon masris an vaznis nawiburi (nax. 23) da Semoabrunon regulatori.

nax. 23. gazis regulatoris gadaadgileba

zeda da qveda sabjeni rgolebi gamoiyeneba lulis zesadebebis lulaze misaerTeblad. qveda sabjen rgols aqvs lulis zesadebebis zambarebi da Sverili, romlebic xels uSlian (Tavidan icileben) zesadebebis gadanacvlebas; mas agreTve aqvs amonaWrebi lulis kolofis saxuravis SverilebisaTvis. zeda sabjeni rgoli ori nawilisagan Sedgeba _ moZravisa da uZravisagan. uZrav nawilze aris sabjenebi (gadanakecebi) zesadebebis Sesakaveblad, xolo gadanacvlebad nawilze _ saketi zeda sabjeni rgolis dasamagreblad mierTebul lulis zesadebebze. zesadebebis kedlebSi gakeTebulia saventilacio naxvretebi. 12. lulis kolofi (nax. 24) gamoiyeneba SaSxanis nawilebisa da meqanizmebis SesaerTeblad, lulis arxis saketiT Caketvis uzrunvelsayofad da saketis Casaketad; lulis kolofSi Tavsdeba saketis CarCo saketTan erTad da damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmi; zevidan mas saxuravi axuravs. lulis kolofs aqvs: _ SigniT: amonaWrebi saketis Casaketad, romelTa ukana kedlebi sabrZolo sabjenebad gamoiyeneba. marcxena mxares mas aqvs cerobiani Sverili saketis winaswar mosabruneblad (Semosatrialeblad) misi Caketvis dawyebisas; amonaWriani gadanakeci saketis CarCos da saketis moZraobis mimarTvisaTvis; cerobiani amsxleti Sverili masrebis asasxletad; RerZiani Sesakravi (zRudari) damrtymel-sasxletis misaerTeblad da bude zambariani saketis saCeris mosaTavseblad; agreTve amonaWeri savazne kolofis Sesakaveblad;

1. kondaxi; 2. Wrili damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmisaTvis; 3. naxvretebi mcvelisaTvis; 4. gadanakecebi; 5. saketis saCeri; 6. amrekli Sverili; 7. Wrili savazne kolofisaTvis; 8. amonaWrebi saketis Casaketad; 9. amonaWeri savazne kolofis mosadebad; 10. safiqsirebeli amonaWrebi; 11. zRudaris (Semkvrelis) RerZi; 12. zRudari (Semkvreli); 13. amonaWrebi gadanakecSi; 14. Camketis fiqsatori; 15. lulis kolofis Tavsaxuris saketi.

nax. 24. lulis kolofi

_ gverdiT kedelze: naxvretebi mcvelisaTvis da naxvretebi lulis kolofis saxuravis CamketisaTvis; marjvena kedelze: ori safiqsirebeli amonaWeri mcvelis dasayeneblad da fiqsatori lulis kolofis saxuravis saketisaTvis;
10

marcxena kedelze: Sverilebi optikuri samiznis dasamagreblad (misaerTeblad); qvevidan: Wrili savazne kolofisaTvis da naxvreti damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmisTvis. lulis kolofze damagrebulia kondaxi. 13. lulis kolofis saxuravi (nax. 25) dabinZurebisagan icavs im nawilebisa da meqanizmebs, romlebic lulis kolofSia moTavsebuli. masSi moTavsebulia damabrunebeli meqanizmi. win mas Sverilebi aqvs lulis qveda sabjen rgolSi saxuravis dasafiqsireblad; mis marjvena mxaresaa amonaWrebi gareT gadmoyrili vaznebis gasasvlelad da gadatenis saxeluris asamoZraveblad; ukan aqvs sadebi; gverdiT kedlebSi _ naxvretebi: marcxniv _ damabrunebeli meqanizmis sayuris RerZisaTvis, marjvniv _ am RerZis magdebelaTi amosagdeblad. sadebs aqvs Wrili damabrunebeli meqanizmis sayurisaTvis; Sverili naxevrad mrgvali amonaWeriT Camketis gamoyenebiT lulis kolofze saxuravis dasamagreblad; cilindruli Sverili, romelic sadebis wina kedelTan erTad kidur ukana mdgomareobaSi iRebs saketisa da saketis CarCos dartymas; naxvreti damabrunebeli meqanizmis sayuris RerZisaTvis da sayuris RerZis zambariani fiqsatori.

1. Sverilebi; 2. zambariani fiqsatori; 3. Sverili naxevrad mrgvali amonaWriT; 4. sadebi; 5. naxvretebi RerZis amosagdebad; 6. cilindruli Sverili; 7. amonaWrebi.

nax. 25. lulis kolofis Tavsaxuri

14. damabrunebeli meqanizmi (nax. 26) gamoiyeneba wina mdgomareobaSi saketis CarCosa da saketis dasabruneblad. is Sedgeba ori erTnairi damabrunebeli zambarisagan, mimmarTveli milisasagan, mimmarTveli Rerosa da RerZiani sayurisagan, romlebiTac is magrdeba lulis kolofis saxuravis sadebSi.

1. damabrunebeli zambarebi; 2. sayuris RerZi; 3. sayure; 4. mimmarTveli milisa; 5. mimmarTveli Rero.

nax. 26. damabrunebeli meqanizmi

15. saketis CarCo (nax. meqanizmis asamoqmedeblad.

27)

gamoiyeneba

saketisa

da

damrtymel-sasxleti

1. figuruli amonaWeri; 2. kiloebi lulis kolofis gadanakecebisTviis; 3. Sverili avtosasxletis berketis qveviT dasaSvebad; 4. arxi damabrunebeli meqanizmebisaTvis; 5. Sverili; 6. arxi saketisaTvis; 7. mimmarTveli Sverilebi; 8. kilo Caxmaxis Tavis gasavlelad; 9. gadatenis saxeluri.

nax. 27. saketis CarCo

saketis CarCos Semadgeneli nawilebia: SigniT _ zeda arxi damabrunebeli meqanizmebisaTvis, qveda arxi saketisaTvis, grZivi kilo amsxleti Sverilis gasavlelad (pirveli gamoSvebis SaSxanebSi es kilo ar aris) da ori gverdiTi arxi, romlebic gakeTebulia SaSxanis Sesamsubuqeblad; ukan _ Sverilebia, romelic gamoricxavs gasrolis saSualebas, rodesac
11

saketi bolomde Caketili ar aris, es Sverilebze saketis CarCos ukan gadasvlisas Caxmaxis mosabruneblad gamoiyeneba; gverdebze kiloebia mimmarTveli SverilebiT imisaTvis, rom saketis CarCom lulis kolofis gadanakecebze imoZraos; marcxena mxridan ukan Sverilia avtosasxletis berketis qveviT dasaSvebad (Semosabruneblad). marjvena mxridan win saxeluria SaSxanis gadasatenad; qveviT figuruli amonaWeria masSi saketis wamyvani Sverilis mosaTavseblad da cerobiani kilo Caxmaxis Tavis gasavlelad. 16. saketi (nax. 28) gamoiyeneba savazneSi vaznis bolomde Sesatanad, lulis arxis Casaketad, kafsulis gasaxvretad (gasatexad) da savaznidan masris (vaznis) amosaRebad. is Sedgeba ConCxis, damrtymelis, zambariani da RerZiani magdebelisagan, damrtymelis sarWisagan.

1. amonaWeri amomgdebisaTvis; 2. naxvreti amomgdebis RerZisaTvis; 3. wamyvani Sverili; 4. saketis ConCxi; 5. damrtymeli; 6. damrtymelis sarWi; 7. amomgdebis RerZi; 8. amomgdebis zambara; 9. amomgdebi; 10. amonaWeri RerZisaTvis; 11. amomgdebis CamWidi; 12. sarWis safexuri; 13. damrtymelis sacemeli; 14. sabrZolo Sverilebi; 15. cerobi; 16. grZivi kilo amsxleti SverilisaTvis; 17. amonaWeri masris ZirisaTvis.

nax. 28. saketi

saketis ConCxs aqvs: wina gadanaWerze _ ori cilindruli amonaWeri masris Zirisa da amomgdebisaTvis; ori amonaWeri, romlebic gamoricxaven lulis saxazino gadanaWerze saketis dartymas; sami sabrZolo Sverili, romlebic saketis Caketvisas lulis kolofis amonaWrebSi Sedian; marjvena sabrZolo Sverilzea wamyvani Sverili saketis mosabruneblad misi Caketva-gaxsnis dros; marcxena Sverils aqvs cerobi Caketvis dros saketis winaswar mosabruneblad; qveda Sverili warmoadgens vaznebis Wurvmimwods; marcxena mxares _ grZivi kilo lulis kolofis amsxleti Sverilis gasavlelad; saketis ConCxis Sesqelebul nawilSi ganivi naxvretia amomgdebis RerZisaTvis da damrtymelis sarWisaTvis. saketis ConCxis SigniT gakeTebulia arxi damrtymelis mosaTavseblad. sacemels aqvs nemsi da Sverili damrtymelis moZraobis sarWiT SesaszRudavad. zambariani amomgdebeli gamoiyeneba masris (vaznis) savaznidan amosaRebad da mis Sesakaveblad manamde, vidre is lulis kolofis amsxlet Sverils Sexvdeba. amomgdebs aqvs CamWidi masris dasaWerad, bude zambarisaTvis da amonaWeri RerZisaTvis. 17. damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmi (nax. 29) gamoiyeneba Caxmaxis fexis dasasxletad da avtosasxletis Sesayeneblad, erTeuli gasrolebiT srolis uzrunvelsayofad, srolis Sesawyvetad, gasrolis aRsakveTad (Tu saketi Caketili ar aris), agreTve mcvelze SaSxanis dasayeneblad. damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmi Seicavs korpuss, zambarian Caxmaxs, avtosasxlets, qanqaras da zambarian sasxlet kauWs.

12

1. sabrZolo zambara; 2. amonaWrebi zRudaris (Semkvrelis) RerZisaTvis; 3. naxvreti Caxmaxis RerZisaTvis; 4. naxvreti avtosasxletis RerZisaTvis; 5. naxvreti qanqaras RerZisaTvis; 6. naxvreti mcvelis RerZisaTvis; 7. naxvreti sasxleti kauWis RerZisaTvis; 8. CamWidi sasxleti kauWis zambaris bolosaTvis; 9. Wrili sasxleti kauWis bolosaTvis; 10. mcvelis kavi; 11. sasxleti kauWis zambara; 12. sasxleti kauWi; 13. faris SemzRudveli; 14. sasxleti kauWis sawevi; 15. RerZebi; 16. qanqaras bolo; 17. korpusi; 18. qanqara; 19. qanqaras CamWidebi; 20. avtosasxletis qanqara; 21. savazne kolofis saketela; 22. avtosasxletis berketi; 23. avtosasxleti; 24. Caxmaxis fexi; 25. avtosasxletis Caxmaxi; 26. Caxmaxi.A

nax. 29. damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmi

korpuss aqvs: qvevidan _ mcvelis kavi, naxvreti sasxleti kauWis bolosaTvis; gverdiT kedlebze _ sami amonaWrebiani naxvreti marjvena mxares sasxleti kauWis, qanqarasa da avtosasxletis RerZebisaTvis, agreTve naxvretebi mcvelisa da Caxmaxis RerZebisaTvis; ukana mxridan _ CamWidebi sasxleti kauWis zambaris boloebisaTvis. SigniT _ dgari (bigi), romelsac aqvs amonaWrebi sasxleti kauWis sawevis moZraobisaTvis mimarTulebis misaniWeblad da qanqaras bolos SemzRudveliT (SemzRudiT). Caxmaxi sabrZolo zambariT gamoiyeneba damrtymelze dartymisaTvis. Caxmaxs aqvs kiloiani sacemeli fexi sasxleti kauWis sawevisaTvis, avtosasxletis fexi, poWoWikebi da naxvreti RerZebisaTvis. sabrZolo zambara Camocmulia Caxmaxis poWoWikebze da Tavisi maryuJiT moqmedebs Caxmaxze, grZeli boloTi ki _ qanqaras boloze, mokle boloTi _ avtosasxletis boloze.E avtosasxleti gamoiyeneba srolis dros avtosasxletis fexisagan Caxmaxis avtomaturi ganTavisuflebisaTvis, agreTve maSin, rodesac saketi Caketili ar aris, Caxmaxis dasxletis Tavidan acilebisaTvis. mas aqvs qanqara avtosasxletis fexze Caxmaxis Sesakaveblad, berketi avtosasxletis qanqaras da Caxmaxis avtosasxletis fexis gansacalkeveblad saketis CarCos SveriliT, rodesac is wina mdgomareobas uaxlovdeba, bolo sabrZolo zambaris mokle bolosaTvis da naxvreti RerZisaTvis. qanqara gamoiyeneba gasrolis Semdeg bolo ukana mdgomareobaSi Caxmaxis Sesakaveblad. qanqaras aqvs CamWidebi Seyenebul mdgomareobaSi Caxmaxis Sesakaveblad, Sesakravi kauWis sawevis CamWidisaTvis da bolo damrtymeli zambaris grZeli bolosaTvis. zambariani sasxleti kauWi gamoiyeneba Seyenebuli Caxmaxis fexisagan qanqaras gasaTavisufleblad (gamosayvanad). mas aqvs CamWidiani sawevi, faris SemzRudi, naxvretebi RerZisa da bolosaTvis. damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmis korpusSi Tavis RerZze moTavsebulia savazne kolofis zambariani saketela. 18. mcveli (nax. 30) gamoiyeneba qanqaras, sasxleti kauWis Casaketad da erTdroulad saketis ukan moZraobis SesazRudad, rac gamoricxavs SemTxveviTi gasrolis SesaZleblobas, agreTve damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmis lulis kolofSi Casamagreblad. mcvels aqvs: RerZi, romelic damrtymel-sasxlet meqanizms lulis kolofze amagrebs. RerZs aqvs Sesqelebuli nawili qanqaras Casaketad da Sverilebi lulis kolofSi mis Sesakaveblad; Sveriliani fari, romelic saketis CarCos saxeluris moZraobisaTvis gankuTvnil amonaWers ketavs (xuravs), rodesac SaSxana mcvelzea dayenebuli. RerZis Sesqelebul nawilze aris amonaWrebi qanqaras bolosa (kudisa) da faris SemzRudvisaTvis. mcvelis qveda mdgomareoba Seesabameba mis dayenebas (mdgomareobas), romelic saWiroa cecxlis gaxsnisaTvis, xolo zeda mdgomareoba Seesabameba mcvelze dayenebas.
13

1. fari; 2. RerZis Sverili; 3. RerZis Sesqelebuli nawili; 4. amonaWeri faris SemzRudvelisaTvis; 5. RerZi; 6. amonaWeri qanqaras bolosaTvis; 7. faris Sverili.

nax. 30. mcveli

19. kondaxi da baliSi (nax. 31) saWiroa SaSxanis moxerxebuli gamoyenebisaTvis. kondaxs aqvs: amonaWeri, romelic saxelurad gamoiyeneba, masSi aTavseben marjvena xelis cera TiTs. mas agreTve aqvs amonaWeri kondaxis baliSis saketis SesakravisaTvis; qamrisaTvis gankuTvnili rgolkaviani naxvreti; liTonis sakisuri; lulis kolofis saxuravis Camketis samagri xraxni. kondaxi saerTebeli xraxnisa da samagri xraxnis gamoyenebiT uerTeba lulis kolofs.

1. maryuJi; 2. baliSi; 3. mWidis CamWidi; 4. rbili sateni; 5. xis fuZe; 6. Sesakravi; 7. rgolkavi; 8. liTonis sakisuri; 9. sarkmeli; 10. amonaWeri kondaxis baliSis saketis SesakravisaTvis; 11. amonaWeri, romelic saxelurs qmnis.

nax. 31. kondaxi da baliSi

kondaxis baliSi gamoiyeneba mxolod maSin, rodesac optikuri samizniT isvrian. mas aqvs xis fuZe, romelic tyaviTaa dafaruli. mas aqvs agreTve saketi kondaxze baliSis dasamagreblad. sakets aqvs garsakri CamWidiT da maryuJiani Sesakravi. 20. samizne mowyobilobebi gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva manZilze miznebSi srolis dros SaSxanis dasamizneblad. snaiperis SaSxanis samizne mowyobilobebi Sedgeba -1 (snaiperis optikuri samizne) optikuri samiznisa da meqanikuri samiznisagan. 21. optikuri samizne (nax. 32) warmoadgens snaiperis SaSxanis ZiriTad samiznes. samiznes aqvs 4 jeradi gadideba, 6 0-toli xedvis are. optikuri samizne Sedgeba meqanikuri da optikuri nawilebisagan.

14

a - xedi marcxnidan; b - xedi marjvnidan. 1. gamosawevi blenda; 2. luminescentiuri ekranis gadamrTveli; 3. zeda dolura; 4. skala; 5. korpusi; 6. rezinis Tvalsafari; 7. sabjeniani Tavdasaxuri; 8. batareis korpusi; 9. kronSteini; 10. momWeri xraxnis saxeluri; 11. eleqtronaTura; 12. tumbleri; 13. obieqtivis Tavsaxuri; 14. maCvenebeli; 15. torsis qanCi; 16. saCeri xraxni; 17. maerTebeli xraxni; 18. gverdiTi dolura; 19. sabjeni; 20. Zvria; 21. saregulirebeli qanCi; 22. momWeri xraxni.

nax. 32. optikuri samizne

samiznis meqanikuri nawils aqvs korpusi, zeda da gverdiTi dolurebi, optikuri samiznis badis ganaTebis mowyobilobis gamosawevi blenda, rezinis Tvalsafari da saxuravi. samiznis optikuri nawili (nax. 33) Seicavs obieqtivs, amosabrunebel sistemas, bades, luminescenciur ekransa da okulars.

1.

obieqtivi; 2. luminestenciuri ekrani 3. okulari; 4. damabrunebeli sistema; 5. bade.

nax. 33. samiznis optikuri nawili

korpusi gamoiyeneba SaSxanaze samiznis yvela nawilis SesaerTeblad. kronSteinze aris kiloebi, sabjeni, mosaWeri xraxni, am xraxnis saxeluri, zambariani Zvria da saregulirebeli qanCi. korpuss uerTdeba samiznis mdgomareobisa (dayenebis) da gverdiTi Sesworebebis maCveneblebi (indeqsebi) da obieqtivis saxuravi. zeda dolura gamoiyeneba samiznis dasayeneblad, gverdiTi dolura _ gverdiTi Sesworebebis Sesayvanad. maTi mowyobilobis principi erTnairia (identuria). maT aqvT: doluras korpusi, zambaris sayeluri, torsis qanCi da saerTebeli (centraluri) xraxni. yovel doluras zevidan aqvs sami naxvreti: Sua _ saerTebeli xraxnisaTvis, ori ganapira _ saCeri xraxnebisaTvis. zambaris sayeluri gamoiyeneba imisaTvis, rom doluram SeinarCunos is mdgomareoba, romelSic daayeneben mas. zeda doluras korpuszea samiznis ZiriTadi skala, romelzedac aris datanili danayofebi 1dan 10-mde; skalis cifrebi aRniSnaven srolis manZils aseul metrebSi.
15

gverdiTi doluras korpuszea gverdiTi Sesworebebis skala, romelzedac orive mxares datanilia danayofebi 0-dan 10-mde; yoveli danayofis fasi Seesabameba erT meaTaseds (001). doluras korpusebis zeda nawilze datanilia damatebiTi skala, romelsac iyeneben samiznis Semowmebis dros; skalis danayofTa fasi 0,5 meaTasedis tolia. zeda doluras ZiriTadi skalis mdgomareoba (dayeneba) me-3 danayofamde fiqsirdeba erTi danayofis Semdeg. am doluras dayeneba me-3 danayofidan me-10 danayofamde, agreTve gverdiTi doluras skalis yvela mdgomareobaSi dayeneba fiqsirdeba yovel naxevardanayofis Semdeg (erT danayofs Seesabameba ori wkapuni). zeda da gverdiTi dolurebis torsis qanCebze isriT miTiTebulia dolurebisa da torsis qanCebis brunvis mimarTuleba, rodesac samiznis da gverdiTi doluras mdgomareobaSi (dayenebaSi) saWiro Sesworeba SeaqvT (,, , _ zeda doluraze, ,, , ,, _ gverdiT doluraze). es niSnavs, rom dolurebis an torsis qanCebis isris mimarTulebiT brunvis (trialisas) moxvedris saSualo wertili () gadaadgildeba Sesabamisi mimarTulebiT (zeviT, marjvniv da sxva). saerTebeli xraxni aerTebs (akavSirebs) torsis qanCs dgimTamwesTan da doluras an qanCis brunvisas (trialisas) saWiro mimarTulebiT gadaaadgilebs dgimTamwes optikuri samiznis badesTan erTad. badis ganaTebis mowyobiloba gamoiyeneba RamiT da bindbundSi srolis dros samiznis badis gasanaTeblad. misi Semadgeneli nawilebia: korpusi sakontaqto xraxniT, batareebi, romlebic denis wyaros warmoadgenen, saxuravi sabjeniT da zambariT batareis xraxnTan misabjenad, sadenebi, romlebic tumbleris meSveobiT aerTeben xraxns (batareas) da eleqtronaTuras; tumblerebi eleqtronaTurebis CarTva-gamorTvisaTvis. batareas ayeneben korpusSi ise, rom centraluri eleqtrodi iyos xraxnTan SeerTebuli, xolo gverdiTi eleqtrodi (gverdze gadanacvlebuli) _ korpusTan. amisaTvis gverdiTi eleqtrodis sakontaqto firfita korpusis napirze iRuneba, ris Semdeg ukeTdeba saxuravi. rodesac temperatura +20C da ufro naklebia, optikuri samiznis badis ganaTebisas unda gamoiyenon badis ganaTebis zamTris mowyobiloba (nax. 34), romelic Sedgeba korpusis, saxuravisa da ekranizebuli sadenisagan. badis ganaTebis zamTris mowyobilobis srolisaTviis mosamzadeblad saWiroa zamTris mowyobilobis korpusSi Cadgma ise, rogorc zeviT iyo miTiTebuli; mas unda gaukeTdes saxuravi, romelic samiznis korpuss moxsnes, xolo zamTris mowyobilobis saxuravi unda gaukeTdes samiznis mowyobilobis korpuss. zamTris mowyobilobis korpussa da batareas snaiperi jibiT atarebs (gimnasturis an farajis), xolo ekranizebuli sadeni SeiZleba iyos gatarebuli zeda tansacmlis marjvena mklavSi.

1.

nax. 34. samiznis badis ganaTebis zamTris mowyobiloba

sabjeniani Tavsaxuri; 2. ekranizebuli sadeni; 3. korpusi batareisaTvis.

Tvalsafari (rezinis) gankuTvnilia Tvalis sworad dasayeneblad da moxerxebulad dasamizneblad. garda amisa, is dabinZurebisa da dazianebisagan icavs okularis linzebs. gamosawevi blenda gamoiyeneba uamindobaSi obieqtivis linzebis, agreTve mzis pirdapiri sxivebisagan dasacavad, rodesac mze msrolelis ukanaa da amiT gamoiricxeba anarekliT snaiperis ganiRbva. rezinis saxuravi obieqtivis linzebs dabinZurebisa da dazianebisagan icavs. obieqtivi gamoiyeneba saTvalTvalo obieqtis Semcirebuli da amobrunebuli gamosaxulebis misaRebad. is sami linzisagan Sedgeba, maTgan ori _ Sewebebulia.
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amosabrunebeli sistema gankuTvnilia gamosaxulebisaTvis normaluri (pirdapiri) mdgomareobis dasabruneblad; is oTxi linzisagan Sedgeba, romlebic wyvil-wyviladaa Sewebebuli. samiznis bades iyeneben damiznebisaTvis; is moZrav CarCoSi (dgimTamweSi) Camagrebul mizanzea datanili. samiznis badeze (nax. 35) datanilia: ZiriTadi (zeda) kuTxedi 1000 m-mde srolis dros damiznebisaTvis; gverdiTi Sesworebebis skala; damatebiTi kuTxedebi (vertikalur xazze gverdiTi Sesworebebis skalis qveviT) 1100, 1200 da 1300 m-ze srolis dros damiznebisaTvis; manZilmzomi skala (uwyveti horizontaluri da mrudi punqtiruli xazi). damatebiTi kuTxedebis gamoyenebiT srolis dros dasamizneblad saWiroa zeda doluraze samiznis 10-ze dayeneba.

nax. 35. samiznis bade

gverdiTi Sesworebebis skala qvevidan aRniSnulia cifriT 10 (kuTxedidan marjvniv da marcxniv), rac Seesabameba aT meaTaseds (0-10). manZili skalis or vertikalur xazs Soris Seesabameba erT meaTaseds (0-01). manZilmzomi skala gaangariSebulia 1,7 m-is simaRlis (adamianis saSualo simaRle) mizanze. miznis simaRlis es mniSvneloba miTiTebulia horizontalur xazs qvemoT. zeda punqtirul xazs zeviT datanilia danayofebiani skala. manZili danayofebs Soris Seesabameba miznamde 100 m-is tol manZils. skalis cifrebi 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 Seesabameba manZils 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 m. okulari gankuTvnilia saTvalTvalo obieqtis gadidebuli da pirdapiri gamosaxulebis daTvalierebisaTvis; is sami linzisagan Sedgeba, maTgan ori _ Sewebebulia. luminescenciuri ekrani gamoiyeneba infrawiTeli Suqis wyaroebis aRmosaCenad; is Txeli firfitaa, romelic specialuri qimiuri Semadgenlobidan aris damzadebuli. es firfita or minas Soris aris moTavsebuli. ekrans aqvs sarkmeli SuqfiltriT, romelic ekranis dasamuxtav CarCoSia moTavsebuli, da ekranis gadamrTveli Suqfiltris mxares (ekranis gadamrTvelis horizontaluri mdgomareoba) _ ekranis damuxtvisaTvis da Cveulebriv pirobebSi srolis dros; obieqtivis mxares (ekranis gadamrTvelis vertikaluri mdgomareoba) _ im miznebze dakvirvebisa da srolis dros, romlebic Tavs infrawiTeli gamosxivebiT amJRavneben. 22. meqanikuri samizne gamoiyeneba optikuri samiznis dazianebis (mwyobridan gamosvlis) SemTxvevaSi. is samiznisa da niSnisagan Sedgeba. samizne (nax. 36) Sedgeba samiznis xundis, brtyeli zambaris, samiznis Tamasasa da CarCikisagan.

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1. yunwebi; 2. samiznis Tamasa; 3. CarCiki; 4. samiznis Tamasas fafari; 5. ganaWeri; 6. seqtori; 7. samiznis xundi.

nax. 36. meqanikuri (Ria) samizne

samiznis xunds aqvs: zevidan _ seqtori samiznis TamasisaTvis gansazRvruli simaRlis misaniWeblad, yunwebi samiznis Tamasas dasamagreblad, bude brtyeli zambarisaTvis; SigniT _ gamWoli arxi zambariani sabiZgeblisaTvis. brtyeli zambara gamoiyeneba samiznis Tamasas im mdgomareobaSi Sesakaveblad, romelSic is daayenes. samiznis Tamasas aqvs kora dasamizneblad gankuTvnili ganaWeriT da amonaWrebiT dayenebul mdgomareobaSi CarCikis Sesakaveblad. samiznis Tamasaze datanilia skala danayofebiT 1-dan 12-mde da ,, asoTi. skalis cifrebi aRniSnaven srolis manZils aseul metrebSi, _ samiznis mudmivi mdgomareobaa (dayenebaa), romelic Seesabameba ,,4-ze samiznis dayenebas. CarCiki Camocmulia samiznis Tamasaze da miniWebul mdgomareobaSi mas saketela akavebs. saketelas aqvs kbili, romelic zambaris zemoqmedebiT samiznis Tamasas amonaWerSi Caxteba. samizne mcvelSia Caxraxnili. mcvelze da samiznis fuZeze datanilia kawrulebi, romlebic gansazRvraven samiznis mdgomareobas. 23. savazne kolofi (nax. 37) gamoiyeneba vaznebis Casawyobad da lulis kolofSi maT misawodeblad. mas aqvs korpusi, saxuravi, saCeri Tamasa, zambara da mimwodi. savazne kolofis korpusi aerTianebs savazne kolofis yvela nawils. mis gverdiT kedlebs aqvs gadanakeci, raTa vaznebi ar amocvivdes iqidan da mimwodis amoweva SeizRudos; mas agreTve aqvs Sverilebi, romlebic zRudaven lulis kolofis sarkmelSi savazne kolofis CaSvebas. wina kedelze aris CamWidi, xolo ukana kedelze ki _ sayrdeni Sverili, romlis meSveobiTac savazne kolofi lulis kolofze magrdeba. korpusis ukana kedelze qveviT sakontrolo naxvretia, romelic saWiroa vaznebiT savazne kolofis sruli gawyobis dasadgenad. simtkicisaTvis korpusis kedlebi wiboebiania.

nax. 37. savazne kolofi 18

1. mimwodebeli; 2. mimwodeblis Sverili; 3. sayrdeni Sverili; 4. korpusi; 5. Wrili; 6. saCeri Tamasa; 7. zambara; 8. CamWidi; 9. gadanakecebi.

qvevidan korpusi TavsaxuriT iketeba. masSi naxvretia saCeri Tamasas SverilisaTvis. korpusis SigniT moTavsebulia mimwodi da zambara saCeri TamasaTi. mimwodi uzrunvelyofs savazne kolofSi vaznebis Wadrakulad ganlagebas. mas aqvs Sverili, romelic savazne kolofidan bolo vaznis miwodebisas zeviT wevs saketis saCers. saCeri Tamasa damagrebulia zambaris qveda boloze da Tavisi SveriliT savazne kolofis saxuravs gadaaadgilebidan icavs (akavebs). 24. xiSt-dana (nax. 38) snaiperis SaSxanas ieriSis win ukeTdeba da gamoiyeneba xelCarTul brZolaSi mowinaaRmdegis dasamarcxeblad. sxva dros is danis, xerxis (liTonis gadasaxerxad) da makratlis (marTulis gadasaWrelad) saxiT gamoiyeneba. ganaTebis qselis sadenebi cal-calke unda gadaiWras, risTvisac winaswar xiSt-danas qamari da qarqaSs ki sakidari unda moxsnan. sadenis gaWrisas yuradReba unda mieqces imas, rom xelebi ar Seexos xiSt-danisa da qarqaSis liTonis zedapirebs.

a - Zveli gamoSvebis; b - bolo gamoSvebis. 1. mWreli piri; 2. xerxi; 3. saxeluri; 4. naxvreti qamrisaTvis; 5. mcveli Sverili; 6. saketela; 7. grZivi kilo; 8. rgoli; 9. piri; 10. naxvreti; 11. mWreli waxnagi; 12. liTonis buniki; 13. maerTebeli xraxni.

nax. 38. xiSt-dana

dauSvebelia xiSt-danis gamoyeneba im RoburebSi gasasvlelebis gasakeTeblad, romelSic deni gadis. xiSt-danis pirs aqvs: mWreli waxnagi, xerxi, mWreli piri, romelic qarqaSTan erTad gamoiyeneba, rogorc makrateli; naxvreti, romelSic qarqaSis Sveril RerZs aTavseben. saxeluri gamoiyeneba moxerxebuli moqmedebisaTvis da SaSxanaze xiSt-danis gasakeTeblad saxelurze aris: win _ rgoli alCamqrobze Camosacmelad, CamWidi qamrisaTvis; ukan _ grZivi kiloebi, romlebiTac xiSt-danas samiznis fuZis sayrdenis Sesabamis Sverilebze Camoacmeven; saketela; mcveli Sverili; naxvreti qamrisaTvis; plastmasis baliSebi da qamari xiSt-danis moxerxebuli gamoyenebisaTvis. 25. qarqaSi (nax. 39) gamoiyeneba xiSt-danis qamarze satareblad; garda amisa, is gamoiyeneba xiSt-danasTan erTad mavTulis saWrelad. qarqaSs aqvs: sakidari ori patara karabiniTa da saketiT; Sverili _ RerZi; sabjeni, romelic zRudavs xiSt-danis Semobrunebas (Semotrialebas), rodesac mas makratlad iyeneben da rezinis buniki eleqtroizolaciisaTvis; qarqaSis SigniT aris brtyeli zambara, rom xiSt-dana ar amovardes qarqaSidan. bolo gamoSvebis qarqaSebSi (nax. 39b) rezinis buniki Secvlilia plastmasis korpusiT da Secvlilia sakidari. zeda karabinis nacvlad gakeTebulia maryuJi qamarze xiSt-danis satareblad.

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a - Zveli gamoSvebis; b - bolo gamoSvebis. 1. sabjeni; 2. Sverili-RerZi; 3. rezinis buniki; 4. sakidari da patara karabinebi; 5. maryuJiani sakidari; 6. plastmasis korpusi.

nax. 39. qarqaSi

snaiperis SaSxanis sakuTnos daniSnuleba da mowyobiloba

26. sakuTno (nax. 40) gamoiyeneba snaiperis SaSxanis daSla-awyobisaTvis, wmenda-dazeTvisaTvis. sakuTnoSi Sedis: zumba, sawmendela, mrgvali jagrisi, saxraxnisi, magdebela, penali da sazeTuri. sakuTnos (sazeTuris garda) atareben optikuri samiznisa da savazne kolofebis satarebeli CanTiT.

1. sazeTuri; 2. penali; 3. magdebela; 4. saxraxnisi; 5. mrgvali jagrisi; 6. sawmendela; 7. zumba.

nax. 40. sakuTno

zumba gamoiyeneba lulis arxis, SaSxanis sxva nawilebis arxebisa da Rruebis gawmenda-dazeTvisaTvis. is sami rgolisagan Sedgeba, romlebiT erTmaneTzea daxveuli. zumbas erT rgols aqvs Tavi penalTan SesaerTeblad, meore ki _ xraxniania, raTa mas sawmendela an mrgvali jagrisi gaukeTdes. mas agreTve aqvs naxvreti Cvris da ZenZis gasakeTeblad. sawmendela gankuTvnilia lulis arxis, agreTve SaSxanis sxva nawilebis arxebisa da Rruebis gawmenda-dazeTvisaTvis. mrgvali jagrisi gamoiyeneba lgx-Ti (lulis gasawmendi xsnari) lulis arxis gasawmendad. saxraxniss iyeneben SaSxanis dasaSlelad da asawyobad, gazis kamerisa da gazis milakis gasawmendad, agreTve mas iyeneben gasaRebad simaRleSi samiznis mdgomareobis regulirebisas. saxraxnisis gverdiTi zedapiri warmaxvilebul-waxnagebiania gazis kameridan da gazis milakidan namwvis mosaSoreblad. saxraxnisis boloze arsebuli amonaWeri gankuTvnilia samiznis Casaxraxnad da amosaxraxnad, xolo SuaSi arsebuli naxvreti _ magdebelisaTvis, romelic saxeluris saxiT gamoiyeneba. imisaTvis, rom saxraxnisis gamoyeneba moxerxebuli iyos, mas penalis gverdiT naxvretebSi aTavseben. magdebelas RerZebisa da sarWebis amosagdebad iyeneben. penali gamoiyeneba sawmendelas, mrgvali jagrisis, saxraxnisisa da magdebelas Sesanaxad. igi TavsaxuriT ixureba.
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penali gamoiyeneba zumbas saxelurad SaSxanis gawmenda-dazeTvis dros; mas agreTve iyeneben rogorc saxraxnisis saxelurs SaSxanis daSla-awyobisas da gazis kamerisa da gazis milakis gawmendisas, agreTve rogorc gasaRebs gazis milakis mosaxsnelad da zumbas asawyobad. penals ori mrgvali naxvreti aqvs zumbisaTvis da ori ovaluri naxvreti saxraxnisaTvis, gasaRebi, amonaWrebi torsze zumbis rgolebis mosaxsnelad da amonaWeri saxuravis SverilisaTvis. lulis gawmendis dros saxuravs iyeneben lulis tuCis zesadebad; saxuravs aqvs naxvreti zumbas moZraobisaTvis mimarTulebis misaniWeblad da Sida Sverilebi mis Sesakaveblad alCamqrobsa da penalze. sazeTuri gamoiyeneba zeTis Sesanaxad. 27. optikuri samiznis saTadarigo nawilebSi, instrumentebsa da sakuTnoSi Sedis (nax. 41): saTadarigo batareebi da eleqtronaTurebi, Suqfiltri, gasaReb-saxraxnisi eleqtronaTurebis Casaxraxn-amosaxraxnad, sawmendi Cvari da tumbleris rezinis saxuravi. Suqfiltrs okulars ukeTeben maSin, rodesac haerSi nisli Cndeba da mcirdeba ganaTeba.

1. tumbleris rezinis saxuravi; 2. Suqfiltri; 3. xelsaxoci (patara naWeri); 4. bude (proteqtori) saTadarigo eleqtronaTurebisaTvis; 5. saTadarigo eleqtronaTurebi; 6. saTadarigo batareebi; 7. gasaReb-saxraxnisi.

nax. 41. optikuri samiznis saTadarigo nawilebi, iaraRi da sakuTno

28. snaiperis yovel SaSxanas unda hqondes (nax. 42): CanTa optikuri samiznisa da savazne kolofebis gadasatanad; SaliTa optikuri samiznisaTvis; patara CanTa optikuri samiznis badis ganaTebis zamTris mowyobilobis, saTadarigo batareebisa da sazeTuris gadasatanad.

a - CanTa optikuri samiznisa da savazne kolofebis gadasatanad; b - SaliTa optikuri samiznisaTvis; g - CanTa samiznis badis ganaTebis zamTris mowyobilobis, saTadarigo batareebisa da sazeTurebis gadasatanad. 1. jibe optikuri samiznisaTvis; 2. jibe xelsaxocisaTvis; 3. jibe SuqfiltrisaTvis; 4. jibe penalisaTvis; 5. jibeebi savazne kolofebisaTvis; 6. jibe gasaReb-saxraxnisaTvis; 7. jibe zumbisaTvis.

nax. 42. CanTebi da SaliTa

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optikuri samiznisa da savazne kolofebis gadasatan CanTas aqvs jibe optikuri samiznisaTvis; oTxi jibe savazne kolofebisaTvis; jibeebi zumbis, penalis, kondaxis baliSis, gasaReb-saxraxnisis, xelsaxocisa da SuqfiltrisaTvis. optikuri samiznis SaliTa gamoiyeneba wvimis, Tovlisa da mtvrisagan samiznis dasacavad im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac is SaSxanazea dayenebuli. CanTa optikuri samiznis badis ganaTebis zamTris mowyobilobis gadasatanad, saTadarigo batareebTan da sazeTurTan erTad, sanivTe CanTiT gadaaqvT.

7,62 mm-iani SaSxanis sabrZolo vaznebi

29. SaSxanis sabrZolo vazna (nax. 43) Sedgeba tyviis, masris, denTis muxtisa da kafsulisagan. vaznebis gansasxvaveblad tyviebis saTavo nawilebi sxvadasxva ferisaa: Cveulebrivi liTonis gulariT _ vercxlis feri; mZime, 1930 wlis nimuSis _ yviTeli; mgezveli (mgezavi) _ mwvane; javSangamtan-cecxlgamCeni _ Savi wiTeli sartyeliT; msubuq tyvias, 1908 wlis nimuSisas da SaSxanis snaiperis vaznas gansxvavebuli Seferiloba ar aqvT.

nax. 43. SaSxanis sabrZolo vazna

1. tyvia; 2. masra; 3. denTis muxti; 4. kafsuli.

mgezveli tyvia haerSi frenisas, rodesac srolis manZili 1000 m-mdea, tovebs mnaT kvals, rac cecxlis koreqtirebisa da miznis Cvenebis saSualebas iZleva. javSangamtan-cecxlgamCeni tyvia 500 m-is manZilze cecxls uCens sawvav siTxeebs, romlebic msubuqi javSniT arian dafaruli. snaiperis SaSxanis vaznebi isevea mowyobili, rogorc SaSxanis vaznebi foladis gulariT. srolis dros isini ufro maRal srolis mijrilobas uzrunvelyofen. 30. vaznebi xis yuTebSia Cawyobili. yuTSi deben or hermetulad Caketil liTonis kolofs yovel maTganSi 440 vaznaa; vaznebi kolofebSi 20-20-ad aris Sekruli. snaiperis SaSxanis vaznebian Sekvras ukeTdeba warwera ,,snaiperis. sul yuTSi 880 vaznaa moTavsebuli. im yuTebis gverdiT kedlebze, romlebSic Cawyobilia liTonisgulariani, mZime, mgezveli da javSangamtan-cecxlgamCentyviebiani vaznebi, datanilia feradi zolebi, romelTa feri tyviebis saTavo nawilebis Seferilobas (fers) Seesabameba. Tu yuTebSi moTavsebulia msubuqtyviebiani vaznebi an SaSxanis snaiperuli vaznebi, yuTs gverdiT kedelze feradi zolebi ar aqvs datanili.

Tavi IV snaiperis SaSxanis nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba

nawilebisa da meqanizmebis mdgomareoba datenamde
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31. saketis CarCo saketTan erTad damabrunebeli meqanizmis miwolis Sedegad ukidures wina mdgomareobaSi imyofeba; lulis arxi saketiTaa Caketili. saketi marcxniv grZivi RerZis garSemoa Semobrunebuli, misi sabrZolo Sverilebi lulis kolofis amonaWrebSi arian _ saketi Caketilia. damabrunebeli zambarebi _ yvelaze naklebad SekumSul mdgomareobaSi arian. gazis dguSs da sabiZgebels sabiZgeblis zambara win bolo mdgomareobaSi akavebs. TviT zambara yvelaze naklebad aris SekumSuli. avtosasxletis berketi saketis CarCos Sverili win da qveviT mobrunebulia da avtosasxleti ki gamorTuli. Caxmaxi daSvebulia da sakets ebjineba. damrtymeli Caxmaxis moqmedebiT win aris gadaadgilebuli. sabrZolo zambara yvelaze naklebad SekumSul mdgomareobaSia; Tavisi maryuJiT is Caxmaxs sakets miabjens, grZeli boloTi qanqaras bolos SemzRudvels miabjens, xolo mokle boloTi qveviT awveba avtosasxletis bolos. sasxleti kauWi zambariT wina mdgomareobaSi aris gadayvanili. sasxleti kauWis zambaris maryuJi sawevis ukana bolos awveba da sawevis zeda sibrtye CamWidTan erTad ebjineba qanqaras Camkets. mcveli bolos zeda mdgomareobaSia; is ketavs lulis kolofis saxuravSi arsebul amonaWers da zRudavs saketi CarCos ukan moZraobas; mcvelis RerZis Sesqelebuli nawili faris SemzRudvis qveS qanqaras bolos zeviT aris da xels uSlis maT brunvas (trials) (ketavs qanqaras da sasxlet kauWs).

nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba datenis dros

32. snaiperis SaSxanas dasatenad unda SeuerTdes aRWurvili savazne kolofi, qveviT daiwios mcveli (is unda daayenon mdgomareobaSi ,,cecxli _ unda Candes aso ,,0), saketis CarCo ukan bolomde gadaiwios da is qveviT daiwios. SaSxana datenilia. Tu saWiro ar aris dauyovnebliv cecxlis gaxsna, maSin saWiroa mcvelis zeviT aweva (SaSxana mcvelze unda daayenon _ unda Candes aso ,,). savazne kolofis dayenebisas misi CamWidi lulis kolofis amonaWerSi Sedis, xolo sayrdeni Sverili saketelas moedeba (mis ukan Caxteba) da savazne kolofi lulis kolofis naxvretSi Camagrdeba. zeda vazna qvevidan ebjineba saket CarCos, cotaoden qveviT wevs vaznebs savazne kolofSi da kumSavs mis zambaras. rodesac mcvels mdgomareobaSi ,,cecxli ayeneben, ixsneba amonaWeri gadatenis saxeluris gadasaadgileblad, xolo amonaWrebi mcvelis RerZis Sesqelebul nawilSi ganlagdebian qanqaras bolos da faris SemzRudis win (qanqara, bolo da sasxleti kauWi Tavisufldeba). rodesac saketis CarCo ukan gadadis Tavisufali svlis sigrZeze, is figuruli amonaWris wina cerobiT moqmedebs saketis wamyvan Sverilze, abrunebs sakets marjvniv, saketis sabrZolo Sverilebi amodian lulis kolofis amonaWrebidan _ saketi ixsneba; saketis CarCos Sverili aTavisuflebs avtosasxletis berkets; sabrZolo zambaris mokle bolo moqmedebs avtosasxletis boloze da avtosasxletis qanqara Caxmaxis sibrtyes ebjineba. saketis CarCos ufro metad gadawevisas masTan erTad ukan iwevs saketic da xsnis lulis arxs; damabrunebeli zambarebi ikumSeba; Sverili moqmedebs Caxmaxze, masze agreTve saketis CarCos kiloze arsebuli cerobic moqmedebs da is ukan Semobrundeba; sabrZolo zambara exveva; Caxmaxis sabrZolo fexi qanqaras CamWidebs ukan Sedis, xolo avtosasxletis qanqara avtosasxletis fexs ukan xteba. rogorc ki saketis CarCos qveda sibrtye gaivlis savazne kolofisaTvis gankuTvnil naxvrets, vaznebi savazne kolofis zambaris moqmedebiT zeviT adian manamde, vidre zeda vazna savazne kolofis kedlis gadanakecs miebjineba. saketis CarCosa da saketis moZraoba ukana bolo mdgomareobaSi lulis kolofis saxuravis sadebiT izRudeba. saketis CarCos gaTavisuflebisas is, saketTan erTad, damabrunebeli meqanizmis meSveobiT, win gadaadgildeba; vaznebis mimwodis gamoyenebiT saketi savazne kolofidan amoagdebs zeda vaznas, awodebs mas savazneSi da ketavs lulis arxs. amis Semdeg wydeba saketis winsvliTi moZraoba (gadaadgileba). rodesac saketi miuaxlovdeba lulis saxazino gadanaWers, amomgdebis CamWidi masris nawiburs moedeba; lulis kolofis Sverilis cerobi moqmedebs saketis sabrZolo Sverilis marcxena cerobze da saketi Tavdapirvel mdgomareobaSi brundeba, Semdeg ki win moZravi saketis CarCos figuruli amonaWris wamyvan Sverilze moqmedebiT grZivi RerZis irgvliv marcxniv brundeba; saketis sabrZolo Sverilebi Sedian lulis kolofis amonaWrebSi, xolo saketis wamyvani Sverili Sedis saketis CarCos figuruli amonaWris swor monakveTSi _ saketi iketeba. rodesac saketis CarCo bolo wina mdgomareobas uaxlovdeba, is Tavisi SveriliT avtosasxletis berkets win da qveviT
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abrunebs, ris Sedegad avtosasxletis qanqara Tavisufldeba Caxmaxis avtosasxletis fexisagan; Caxmaxi sabrZolo zambaris zemoqmedebiT brundeba da xdeba misi fexze Seyeneba. savazne kolofSi arsebuli vaznebi zambaris zemoqmedebiT zeviT iweven manamde, vidre zeda vazna saketis CarCos miebjineba. rodesac SaSxanas mcvelze ayeneben, fari ketavs gadatenis saxeluris amonaWers da ukan, misi moZraobis gzaze dgeba, xolo RerZis Sesqelebuli nawili qanqaras bolos da faris SemzRudis gaswvriv dgeba (ketavs qanqaras da sasxlet kauWs).

nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba srolis dros

33. gasrolisaTvis saWiroa mcvelidan SaSxanis moxsna da sasxlet kauWze daWera. SaSxanis mcvelidan moxsnisas (mdgomareobaiSi ,,cecxli gadayvana) ixsneba gadatenis saxeluris moZraobisaTvis gankuTvnili amonaWeri da Tavisufldeba qanqaras bolo da sasxleti kauWi. sasxleti kauWis boloze daWerisas is sawevTan erTad ukan gadaadgildeba; sawevis CamWidi abrunebs qanqaras da aTavisuflebs (ganacalkevebs) mas Caxmaxis fexisagan. sabrZolo zambara sakuTari RerZis irgvliv abrunebs Caxmaxs da energiulad artyams damrtymels. damrtymeli sacemeliT xvrets vaznis kafsuls. vaznis kafsulis Sedgeniloba aaldeba, ali masris Zirze arsebuli naxvretebiT denTis muxtze xvdeba da aaalebs mas. xdeba gasrola. denTis airis zemoqmedebiT tyvia lulis arxiT win moZraobs; rogorc ki is airamrid xvrels gascdeba, airis nawili am xvrelis gavliT gazis kameraSi midis da awveba gazis dguSs, xolo is ki _ sabiZgebels. sabiZgebeli kumSavs sakuTar zambaras, artyams saketis CarCos wina mxares da ukan agdebs saketis CarCos saketTan erTad. ukan moZraobisas saketis CarCo (iseve, rogorc gadatenis saxeluriT ukan misi gadawevis dros) figuruli amonaWris wina cerobiT abrunebs (atrialebs) sakets grZivi RerZis irgvliv da misi sabrZolo Sverilebi amodian lulis kolofis amonaWrebidan _ xdeba saketisa da lulis arxis gaxsna; saketis CarCos Sverili aTavisuflebs avtosasxletis berkets da avtosasxletis qanqara Caxmaxis sibrtyes ebjineba. am droisaTvis tyvia lulis arxidan gamofrindeba. gazis dguSi sabiZgebelTan erTad ukan moZraobs, kumSavs sabiZgeblis zambaras manamde, vidre sabiZgeblis gvirgvini samiznes xunds miebjineba. Semdgom sabiZgeblis SekumSuli zambara win wevs sabiZgebels da gazis dguSi win gadaadgildeba, gazis milakis torsze dguSis Tavis mibjenamde. saketis CarCo saketTan erTad inerciiT agrZelebs ukan moZraobas; masra, romelsac amomgdeblis CamWidi akavebs, lulis kolofis amsxlet Sverils Seejaxeba da gareT vardeba. Semdgom nawilebi da meqanizmebi, Caxmaxis sasxleti kauWisa da qanqaras garda, iseve muSaoben, rogorc datenis dros. Semobrunebis (motrialebis) bolos Caxmaxi artyams sasxleti kauWis sawevis wina nawils, qveviT wevs mas da aSorebs qanqaras, Semdeg avtosasxletis fexze dgeba. qanqara sabrZolo zambaris grZeli bolos zemoqmedebis Tavdapirvel mdgomareobaSi brundeba _ Caxmaxis fexis win. Semdegi gasrolisaTvis saWiroa sasxleti kauWidan xelis aSveba da Tavidan masze dawola (TiTis gamokvra). gaTavisuflebuli sasxleti kauWi Tavisi zambaris zemoqmedebiT sawevTan erTad win gadaadgildeba da sawevis CamWidi qanqaras Camkets gamoedeba, xolo sasxlet kauWze dawolisas qanqara Caxmaxis fexze modebidan gaTavisufldeba da gaaTavisuflebs Caxmaxs _ moxdeba morigi gasrola. savazne kolofSi arsebuli bolo vaznis gasrolis Semdeg, savazne kolofis mimwodi zeviT adis da sakuTari SveriliT moqmedebs saketis saCerze, lulis kolofis budidan amowevs mas da kumSavs saCeris zambaras. rodesac saketis CarCo win gadaadgildeba, saketis mimwodi ebjineba saketis saCers da saketis CarCo am mdgomareobaSi Cerdeba. amiT is mianiSnebs imaze, rom savazne kolofSi yvela vazna daixarja. SaSxanidan savazne kolofis moxsnisas saketis CarCo rCeba saketis saCerze, vinaidan saketis saCeris zambaras ar SeuZlia saketiT mibjenili saCeris budeSi CaSveba. imisaTvis, rom saketis saCeri Tavis budeSi Cavides, saWiroa saketis CarCos ukan gadaweva, xolo Tu carieli savazne kolofi aqvs mierTebuli, saWiroa saketis CarCos gadatenis saxelurze xelis mokideba da savazne kolofis mimwodze dawola.

Seferxebebi snaiperis SaSxanis srolis dros da maTi aRmofxvris xerxebi

34. snaiperis SaSxanis nawilebi da meqanizmebi SaSxanis swori gamoyenebis dros da saTanado movlis pirobebSi xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi saimedod da umtyunebod muSaoben. magram meqanizmebis dabinZurebis (gaWuWyianebis), nawilebis cveTisa da SaSxanis daudevrad gamoyenebis Sedegad, agreTve vaznebis gaumarTaobis gamo, srolis dros SesaZlebelia moxdes Seferxebebi.

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Seferxeba, romelmac Tavi iCina srolis dros, Tavidan unda aiciloT gadateniT, risTvisac energiulad ukan unda gadawion saketis CarCo; amisaTvis saxeluri unda gamoiyenoT. Semdeg unda ganagrZoT srola. Tu ver moxerxda Seferxebis aRmofxvra, unda gairkves misi gaCenis mizezi da is unda aRmoifxvras ise, rogorc zeviT iyo miTiTebuli.

Tavi V snaiperis SaSxanis Senaxva da movla-patronoba

zogadi debulebebi
35. snaiperis SaSxana mudam unda iyos srulad gamarTul mdgomareobaSi da moqmedebisaTvis mzadyofnaSi. es moxdeba SaSxanis drouli da swori wmendiTa da dazeTviT, agreTve swori SenaxviT. 36. qvedanayofSi arsebuli (ricxuli) SaSxanebi iwmindeba:
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_ srolisaTvis momzadebisas; _ sabrZolo da fuWi vaznebiT srolis Semdeg _ dauyovnebliv sasroleTze (velze) srolis damTavrebis Semdeg; iwmindeba da izeTeba lulis kolofi, lulis arxi, gazis kamera da saketi; Semdeg SaSxana sabolood iwmindeba srolebidan dabrunebisas da Semdgomi 3-4 dRis ganmavlobaSi yoveldRiurad; _ srolis gareSe velze ganwesisa da mecadineobis Semdeg _ ganwesidan an mecadineobebidan dabrunebisTanave; _ saomar viTarebaSi da xangrZlivi swavlebis dros _ yovedRiurad brZolasa da swavlebaSi Sesvenebebis periodSi; _ Tu SaSxana ar gamouyenebiaT, kviraSi erTxel mainc. 37. gawmendis Semdeg SaSxana unda daizeTos, zeTi mxolod kargad gawmendil da mSral liTonis zedapirze unda wausvan dauyovnebliv gawmendis Semdeg, raTa liTonze tenma ar imoqmedos. 38. snaiperis saSxana iwmindeba da izeTeba jgufis meTauris uSualo xelmZrvanelobiT. jgufis meTauri movalea: gansazRvros saWiro daSlis, gawmendisa da dazeTvis xarisxi; Seamowmos sakuTnos gamarTuloba da sawmendi masalebis xarisxi; Seamowmos wmendis siswore da xarisxi, ris Semdeg man dazeTvisa da awyobis ufleba unda misces xelqveiTebs. man unda Seamowmos SaSxanis dazeTvisa da awyobis siswore. oficrebi movaleni arian periodulad daeswron SaSxanis wmendas da Seamowmon misi Catarebis siswore. 39. lulis gasawmendi xsnariT (lgx) SaSxana iwmindeba mxolod srolis Semdeg da jgufis meTauris xelmZRvanelobiT sasroleTze an yazarmaSi. Tu srolis Semdeg SaSxana gawmendili iyo iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT, maSin yazarmaSi dabrunebisas is xelmeored unda gaiwmindos lgxTi. savele pirobebSi SaSxana iwmindeba mxolod iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT. 40. yazarmaSi an banakSi ganlagebis dros SaSxana unda gaiwmindos specialurad gamoyofil adgilebSi am mizniT mowyobil magidebze, xolo saomar viTarebaSi da swavlebis dros _ sufTa safenebze, ficrebze da sxva. 41. SaSxanis gawmendisa da dazeTvisaTvis gamoiyeneba: _ iaraRis Txevadi zeTi _ SaSxanis gasawmendad da misi nawilebisa da meqanizmebis dasazeTad +500C _500C-mde haeris temperaturis dros; iaraRis zeTi _ SaSxanis lulis arxis, nawilebisa da meqanizmebis dasazeTad maTi gawmendis Semdeg; am zeTs iyeneben maSin, rodesac haeris temperatura +5 0C aRemateba; _ lgx (lulis sawmendi xsnari) _ SaSxanis lulis arxisa da sxva nawilebis gasawmendad, romlebzec imoqmedes denTis airebma.
S e n i S v n a: xsnari mzaddeba qvedanayofSi. mis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis: sasmeli wyali _ 1 l; amoniumis naxSismJava _ 200 g; kaliumis biqromJava _ 3-5 g. xsnars im raodenobiT amzadeben, rac erT dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi sWirdebaT iaraRis gasawmendad. mcire odenobiT lgx 7 dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi SeiZleba dacobil SuSis WurWelSi Seinaxon. isini inaxeba bnel adgilas siTbosagan (gasaTbobi xelsawyoebidan) Sors. liTonis sazeTurebSi lgx-s Casxma dauSvebelia.

_ Cvrebi an KB-22 qaRaldi _ SaSxanis gasamSraleblad, gasawmendad da dasazeTad; _ ZenZi (mokle selos boWko) _ mxolod lulis arxis gasawmendad. imisaTvis, rom kiloebi (Wrilebi), amonaWrebi da naxvretebi moxerxebulad gaiwmindos, iyeneben xis Cxirebs.

gawmenda da dazeTva
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42. SaSxana unda gaiwmindos Semdegi TanamimdevrobiT: 1) moamzadeT sawmendad da dasazeTad saWiro masalebi. 2) daSaleT SaSxana. 3) daaTvaliereT sakuTno ise, rogorc 68-e muxlSia miTiTebuli, wmendisaTvis gamosayeneblad (nax. 44).

moamzadeT

is

1.

sawmendela; 2. zumba; 3. penali; 4. saxraxnisi; 5. lulis tuCis zesadebi (penalis saxuravi).

nax. 44. sakuTno, romelic momzadebulia SaSxanis sawmendad gamoyenebisaTvis

4) gawmindeT lulis arxi. SaSxana CadeT magidis amonaWrebSi, romlebic iaraRis gawmendis dros aris gamosayenebeli an dadeT Cveulebriv magidaze. Tu magida ar aris, SaSxana sufTa safenze dadeT. iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT lulis arxis gasawmendad ZenZi unda daikecos cifr ,,8isebrad. rvianis jvaredina unda daedos sawmendelas bolos da ZenZis boWkoebi daewyos sawmendelas RerZis gaswriv; amasTan ZenZis boloebi sawmendelas RerZze mokle unda iyos, xolo fenis sisqe ki iseTi, rom ZenZiani sawmendela lulis arxSi Sevides xelis mcire dawoliT; ZenZs unda daasxan cotaodeni Txevadi zeTi da TiTebiT odnav dasrison. zumba, zed daxveuli sawmendeliTa da ZenZiT, unda Seiyvanon lulis arxSi da alCamqrobze penalis Tavsaxuri daamagron. cal xelSi unda daiWiron SaSxana, xolo meore xelSi _ penali. Semdeg mdovrad zumba ramdenime jer gaatareT lulis arxis mTel sigrZeze. amoiReT zumba, SecvaleT ZenZi, gaJRindeT Txevadi zeTiT da imave wesiT ramdenjerme gawmindeT arxi. amis Semdeg guldagul gawmindeT zumba; sufTa mSrali ZenZiT gawmindeT lulis arxi, Semdeg arxidan is sufTa CvriTac unda gaiwmindos. amoRebuli Cvrebi unda daaTvalieron da, Tu maTze SeamCneven namwvis kvals (CaSaveba), agreTve Jangisa an WuWyis kvals, lulis arxi kidev unda gaiwmindos, Semdeg isev Semowmdes mSrali ZenZiTa da CvriT. Tu lulis arxidan amoRebuli Cvrebi iqneba sufTa, anu maTze ar iqneba denTis namwvisagan CaSaveba an maT ar eqneba yviTeli feri Jangisagan, lulis arxi guldagul unda daaTvalieron lulis arxi salule nawilisa da savaznis mxridan. daTvalierebis dros lula nela unda atrialon. am dros gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces naWdevebis kuTxeebs da Semowmdes, xom ar darCa iq namwvi. lgx-Ti lulis arxi jer am xsnarSi dasvelebuli mrgvali jagrisiT, xolo Semdeg _ ZenZiT unda gaiwmindos. am xsnariT wmenda unda gagrZeldes manamde, vidre namwvs srulad moaSoreben da vidre lulidan amoRebuli xsnariT dasvelebul jagriss an ZenZs namwvis niSnebi aRar eqneba. amis Semdeg lulis arxi mSrali ZenZiTa da CvrebiT unda gaiwmindos. meore dRes unda Semowmdes Catarebuli gawmendis xarixxi da, Tu lulis arxis sufTa Cvrebi gawmendisas masze namwvis kvali aRiniSneba, imave wesiT unda ganmeordes wmenda. lulis arxis naWdevebiani nawilis wmendis damTavrebisas imave wesiT unda gawmindon savazne da alCamqrobi.
S e n i S v n a: Tu wmendisas sawmendela zumbasTan erTad lulis arxSi CarCeba, saWiroa arxSi mcire odenobis zeTis Seyvana da ramdenime wuTis Semdeg zumbas amoReba. Tu zumba isev ar amodis arxidan, SaSxana saremonto saxeloxnoSi unda gaigzavnos.

5) gawmindeT gazis kamera. gazis milakis moxsnis Semdeg gazis kamera unda gairecxos iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT an lgx-Ti. Semdeg is saxraxnisiTa da xis CxiriT unda gaiwmindos. lgx-Ti gawmendis Semdeg gazis kamera unda gamSraldes, kidev gaiwmindos CvriT da daTvalierdes lulis arxi, raTa iq ucxo sagnebi ar iyos CarCenili. Semdeg lula garedanac unda gaiwmindos CvrebiT.
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6) lulis kolofi, saketis CarCo, saketi, gazis milaki, gazis dguSi gawmindeT iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT an lgx-Si dasvelebuli CvrebiT. amis Semdeg kargad gamSraleT isini. Tu srolis Semdeg gasawmendad iaraRis Txevad zeTs iyeneben, gazis dguSi, gazis milaki da saketis cilindruli amonaWrebi unda daizeTos an maT 3-5 wuTiT unda Semoaxvion zeTSi dasvelebuli Cvrebi, ris Semdegac Sesqelebuli (gamagrebuli) denTis namwvi CxiriT unda moacilon. Semdeg gazis dguSi, gazis milaki da saketi kargad unda gawmindon da gaamSralon mSrali CvrebiT. 7) danarCeni liTonis nawilebi mSrali CvrebiT unda gaiwmindos; Tu nawilebi Zlier dabinZurebulia, isini iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT unda daizeTos da gaiwmindos mSrali CvrebiT. 8) xis nawilebi mSrali CvrebiT gawmindeT. 43. SaSxanis gawmendis damTavrebis Sesaxeb snaiperi moaxsenebs jgufis meTaurs; Semdeg jgufis MmeTauris nebarTviT zeTavs da awyobs SaSxanas. 44. SaSxana izeTeba Semdegi TanamimdevrobiT: 1) dazeTeT lulis arxi. zumbaze daaxvieT sawmendela da zevidan daadeT mas zeTiT gaJRenTili Cvrebi. lulis tuCis mxridan lulis arxSi SeiyvaneT sawmendela da mdovrad orsamjer gaatareT lulaSi, mTel sigrZeze, raTa lulis arxi Tanabrad daifaros zeTis Txeli feniT. dazeTeT savazne. 2) SaSxanis yvela danarCeni liTonis nawili da meqanizmi zeTiT gaJRenTili Cvrebis gamoyenebiT zeTis Txeli feniT dafareT. Warbi zeTi xels uwyobs nawilebis dabinZurebas, ramac srolis dros SeiZleba gamoiwvios Seferxebebi. xis nawilebi ar izeTeba. 45. sufTa CvrebiT gawmindeT optikuri samiznis gare zedapirebi. optikuri samiznis badis ganaTebis mowyobilobas moxseniT saxuravi da gawmindeT batarea, korpusi da saxuravi. Tu gaWuWyianda obieqtivisa da okularis linzebis zedapiri, isini naWriT unda gaiwmindos Suidan napirebisaken, xelis wriuli moZraobiT. linzebi da minebi araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda gaiwmindos im CvrebiT, romlebiTac samiznis sxva nawilebi gaiwminda. ar SeiZleba misi dazeTva da TiTebiT Sexeba. 46. dazeTvis damTavrebis Semdeg SaSxana unda aiwyos, Semowmdes misi nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaoba, gaiwmindos da daizeTos savazne kolofi da sakuTno, Semdeg SaSxana da optikuri samizne jgufis meTaurs unda aCvenon. gawmendis dros optikuri samizne Sasxanas ar exsneba. 47. wlis im periodSi, rodesac temperatura +50C da ufro naklebia, SaSxana iaraRis Txevadi zeTiT izeTeba. erTi saxis zeTidan meore saxis zeTze gadasvlisas saWiroa SaSxanis yvela nawilidan Zveli zeTis kargad mocileba. zeTis mosaSoreblad saWiroa SaSxanis srulad daSla da liTonis yvela nawilis Txevad zeTSi garecxva, Semdeg ki sufTa CvrebiT gamSraleba. 48. yinvidan Tbil SenobaSi (oTaxSi) Semotanili SaSxana iwmindeba 10-20 wuTis Semdeg (mas Semdeg, rac moxdeba misi gaSroba). Tbil oTaxSi Setanamde rekomendebulia SaSxanis gare zedapirebis gawmenda Txevadi zeTiT gaJRenTili CvrebiT. 49. saStato yuTebSi Cawyobili xangrZlivad Sesanaxad sawyobSi Casabarebeli SaSxana unda daizeTos Txevadi zeTiT. mas erTi fena inhibirebuli qaRaldi unda Semoexvios, Semdeg ki _ erTi fena parafinirebuli qaRaldi. optikuri samiznis konservacia inhibirebuli qaRaldiT saWiro ar aris.

snaiperis SaSxanisa da vaznebis Senaxva

50. pasuxismgebloba qvedanayofSi SaSxanisa da vaznebis SenaxvisaTvis qvedanayofis meTaurs akisria. snaiperi movalea, rom SaSxana hqondes mudam sufTa da gamarTul mdgomareobaSi, man unda gamoiyenos SaSxana frTxilad da unda daaTvalieros is 61-e muxlis Tanaxmad.

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51. yazarmasa da banakSi ganlagebisas SaSxana piramidaSi inaxeba; saketis CarCo wina mdgomareobaSia; Caxmaxi dasxletili, optikuri samizne savazne kolofi da xiSt-dana moxsnilia, SaSxana mcvelzea dayenebuli. imave piramidis gansakuTrebul ganyofilebaSi inaxeba SaliTebiani optikuri samizneebi, savazne kolofebi, sakuTno da CanTebi; CanTebi, SaliTebi da qamari unda iyos sufTa da mSrali. 52. raime SenobaSi droebiT ganlagebisas (rodesac piramida ar aris) SaSxana mSral adgilze, karebisagan, Rumelisa da gasaTbobi xelsawyoebisagan Sors unda Seinaxon. 53. mecadineobebze da laSqrobis dros gadaadgilebisas SaSxana qamriT unda ataron. qamari ise unda iyos morgebuli, rom SaSxana aRWurvilobis magar sagnebs ar miertyas. SaSxana unda iyos mdgomareobaSi ,,qamarze, mas unda hqondes mierTebuli savazne kolofi; danarCeni savazne kolofebi da optikuri samizne CanTebSia. mecadineobebze Sesvenebebis dros, agreTve laSqrobisas Sesvenebis dros SaSxana snaipers aqvs qamarze an xelSi. 54. avtomobiliT (javSantransportioriT) gadaadgildebis dros, SaSxana muxlebs Sua Sveulad unda geWiroT, xolo tankiT gadaadgilebisas xelSi ise, rom daicvaT javSanze mirtymisagan. 55. rkinigziT an wyliT savali gziT gadaadgilebisas SaSxanas specialur piramidaSi ayeneben. Tu transporti piramidebiT ar aris aRWurvili, SeiZleba SaSxana xelSi eWiroT an Taroze dadon ise, rom ar gadmovardes da ar daziandes. 56. SaSxanas yovelTvis inaxaven da gadaaqvT daclil (dautenav) mdgomareobaSi, garda im SemTxvevisa, romlebic gansazRvrulia sabrZolo viTarebiT. datenili SaSxana yovelTvis unda iyos mcvelze dayenebuli. mcvelidan SaSxanas aTavisufleben mxolod cecxlis gaxsnisaTvis. 57. imisaTvis, rom Tavidan aicilon lulis gaberva da gaskdoma, ikrZaleba lulis arxSi raime nivTis (naWris) Catena. 58. vaznebi unda iyos sufTa, inaxebodes mSral adgilze da SeZlebisdagvarad iyos daculi mzis sxivebisagan. vaznebis dazeTva akrZalulia. 59. optikuri samizne unda daicvan davardnisagan, mkveTri dartymebisa da biZgebisagan, optikur nawilSi nestisa da mtvris moxvedrisagan; Tu samizne SaSxanazea da mas ar iyeneben, samiznes SaliTa unda gaukeTon (nax. 45). dasvelebuli (sveli) samizne guldagul unda gaiwmindos mSrali CvrebiT, SaliTebi unda gaaSron. ikrZaleba RumelTan da koconTan axlos samiznis Senaxva.

nax. 45. snaiperis SaSxana optikur samizneze Camocmuli SaliTiT

Tavi VI snaiperis SaSxanis daTvaliereba da srolisaTvis misi momzadeba

zogadi miTiTebebi
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60. srolisaTvis SaSxanis momzadebisas, misi gamarTulobisa da sisufTavis Sesamowmeblad, tardeba snaiperis SaSxanis daTvaliereba. SaSxanis daTvalierebasTan erTad unda daTvalierdes optikuri samizne da Semowmdes sakuTnos, savazne kolofebis, SaliTebisa da CanTebis gamarTuloba. 61. snaiperebi SaSxanas aTvaliereben: _ yoveldRiurad; _ mecadineobaze gasvlis win; sabrZolo viTarebaSi _ periodulad dRis ganmavlobaSi da sabrZolo amocanis Sesrulebis win; _ gawmendis dros. 62. jgufis meTaurebi aTvaliereben SaSxanas periodulad, Sinagani samsaxuris wesdebiT dadgenil vadebSi, srolis win da maT nawils ki _ sabrZolo amocanis Sesrulebamde. 63. SaSxanis, optikuri samiznis, savazne kolofebisa da sakuTnos gaumarTaobebi dauyovnebliv unda aRmoifxvras. Tu qvedanayofSi SeuZlebelia SaSxanis (optikuri samiznis, savazne kolofebis, sakuTnos) gaumarTaobis aRmofxvra, isini saremonto saxelosnoSi unda gaigzavnos. 64. damaxasiaTebeli gaumarTaobebi, romlebic SaSxanis normalur srolas arRveven, SeiZleba iyos: _ mizani gaRunuli an momZvralia, gadanacvlebulia gverdze, zeviT an qveviT _ tyviebi gadaixreba miznis gadanacvlebis sawinaaRmdego mxares; _ samiznis Tamasa gaRunuli an gamrudebulia _ tyviebi gadaixreba samiznis Tamasas ganaWeris gadaadgilebis mxares; _ lulis arxi gacveTilia (gansakuTrebiT lulis tuCis nawilSi), naWdevebis (Wdeebis) kuTxeebi gacveTili da momrgvalebulia, samiznis Tamasa, samizne, kondaxi moZraobs (qanaobs) _ yovelive es zrdis tyviebis gafantvas; _ optikuri samizne gaumarTavia: samiznis bade gasrolis momentSi gadanacvlebulia; dolurebi qanaobs; SaSxanaze dayenebuli samizne qanaobs; samiznis SigniT optikaze WuWyia, rac xels uSlis TvalTvals; linzebi gabzarulia, Camotexilia da erTmaneTs daSorebulia (romelic Sewebebuli iyo) _ yovelive es iwvevs moxvedris saSualo wertilis gadaxras da tyviebis gafantvis zrdas.

snaiperebis mier SaSxanis daTvalierebis wesi

65. yoveldRiuri daTvalierebis dros unda darwmundnen, rom SaSxanas yvela meqanizmi adgilze aqvs da Seamowmon SaSxanis gare nawilebze Jangis, WuWyis, SenaWyletis, nakawris, Camonatexebisa da sxva dazianebis arseboba, romlebmac SeiZleba gamoiwvion SaSxanis meqanizmebisa da optikuri samiznis normaluri muSaobis darRveva; garda amisa, unda Semowmdes zeTis arseboba SaSxanis im nawilebze, romlebic misi daSlis gareSe Cans; Sesamowmebelia savazne kolofebis, xiSt-danebis, sakuTnos, optikuri samiznis SaliTis, optikuri samiznisa da savazne kolofebis CanTebis, agreTve im CanTebis arseboba, romlebic gankuTvnilia optikuri samiznis badis ganaTebis zamTris mowyobilobisaTvis, saTadarigo batareebisa da sazeTurebisaTvis. 66. mecadineobebze gasvlis win da sabrZolo viTarebaSi SaSxanis daTvalierebis dros unda Semowmdes igive, rac yoveldRiuri daTvalierebis dros; garda amisa, unda Semowmdes optikuri da Ria samizneebis, agreTve samiznis gamarTuloba; unda darwmundnen, rom lulis arxSi ar aris ucxo sagnebi; Semowmdes nawilebisa da meqanizmebis muSaobis siswore. optikuri samiznis gamarTulobis Semowmebisas unda darwmundnen, rom okularisa da obieqtivis linzebi mTelia (Semowmeba tardeba okularisa da obieqtivis mxridan samizneSi CaxedviT); agreTve unda Semowmdes: ramdenad Tavisuflad gadaadgildeba samiznis bade doluras brunvisas (trialisas) (mowmdeba okularSi CaxedviT); ramdenad mdovrad trialeben (brunaven) da fiqsirdebian dolurebi dayenebul mdgomareobaSi da xom ar qanaoben isini; mdovrad gadaadgildeba, Tu ara luminestenciuri ekrani; xom ar qanaobs samizne da momWeri xraxniT saimedod aris Tu ara damagrebul SaSxanaze; gamarTulad aris Tu ara ganaTebuli bade, risTvisac obieqtivs saxuravi unda Camoacvan; unda CarTon tumbleri
30

da Caixedon okularSi (Tu xelsawyo gamarTulia, bade mkafiod Cans, xolo Tu bade ar Cans, Sesacvlelia batarea an naTura); gamarTulia Tu ara badis ganaTebis zamTris mowyobiloba, risTvisac is samiznes unda SeuerTon, CarTon tumbleri da Caixedon okularSi. Tu samizne qanaobs an saxeluris gadanakeci ar Sedis kronSteinis amonaWerSi, rodesac samizne SaSxanaze kargadaa damagrebuli, saWiroa momWeri xraxnis regulireba. amisaTvis SaSxanas samizne unda moxsnan, Zvria saxelurs miaWiron (SekumSon zambara) da mouWiron an mouSvan momWeri xraxnis saregulirebeli qanCi. meqanikuri samiznisa da samiznis gamarTulobis Semowmebis dros unda darwmundeT, rom CarCiki mdovrad gadaadgildeba samiznis Tamasaze da saketeliT saimedod aris damagrebuli dayenebul mdgomareobaSi; zambara saimedod akavebs (iWers) samiznis Tamasas; samiznis Tamasas ganaWers ar aqvs amonatexebi; niSani ar aris gaRunuli da mtkiced aris damagrebuli samiznis mcvelSi; mcvelze arsebuli kawrula emTxveva samiznis fuZeze arsebul kawrulas; samiznis mcveli mtkiced aris dafiqsirebuli (Sekavebuli) samiznis fuZeSi. nawilebisa da meqanizmebis swori muSaobis Semowmebisas saWiroa SaSxanis mcvelidan moxsna (gaTavisufleba), gadatenis saxeluris gamoyenebiT saketis CarCos bolomde ukan gadaweva da xelis aSveba; saketis saCeriT saketis CarCo ukana mdgomareobaSi unda gaCerdes. moxseniT savazne kolofi, saxeluri, ramdenadme ukan gadaiyvaneT saketis CarCo da xeli auSviT mas; saketis CarCo energiulad (swrafad) unda dabrundes wina mdgomareobaSi. SaSxana mcvelze daayeneT da daaWireT sasxlet kauWs; sasxleti kauWi ukan ar unda gaiwios, xolo Caxmaxi Seyenebuli unda darCes. SaSxana moxseniT mcvelidan da daaWireT sasxlet kauWs; unda gaismas wkapuni _ damrtymelze Caxmaxis energiuli dartymis xma; xelaxla daayeneT SaSxana mcvelze da SeuerTeT savazne kolofi; saketis CarCo ar unda gadaiwios ukan; mcveli saimedod unda iyos Sekavebuli im mdgomareobaSi, romelSic is daayenes. 67. wmendis dros SaSxanis daTvalierebisas cal-calke unda SeamowmoT yoveli nawili da meqanizmi da darwmundeT maT gamarTulobaSi da imaSi, rom liTonisa da xis nawilebi ar aris dazianebuli; Jangi, gaRunva, amonatexi, namwvi da WuWyi, bzarebi da sxva. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces lulis arxis, gazis kameris, gazis milakisa da gazis dguSis mdgomareobas. 68. sakuTnos daTvalierebisas unda Semowmdes sakuTnoSi aris Tu ara yvela iaraRi da maTi gamarTuloba. zumbis Sesamowmeblad mas unda moxsnan rgolebi da Seamowmon gaRunulia Tu ara is; zumbis rgolebi Tavisuflad unda moixsnas da mtkiced SeuerTdes erTmaneTs. sawmendelasa da mrgvali jagrisis Sesamowmeblad rig-rigobiT daaxraxneT isini zumbas; sawmendela da mrgvali jagrisi kargad unda iyos damagrebuli zumbaze, xolo sawmendelas zeda nawili _ Tavisuflad unda trialebdes. mrgvali jagrisi unda iyos sufTa da jagari ar unda scviodes. unda Semowmdes, aqvs Tu ara penals bzarebi, gadanaRunebi da SenaWyletebi; mtkiced aris Tu ara damagrebuli penalis saxuravi alCamqrobze, xom ar moZraobs is aqeTiqiT da xom ar gadis sawmendela mis naxvretSi. sazeTuridan ar unda Jonavdes zeTi; sazeTuris saxuravi mWidrod unda iyos daxraxnili. unda darwmundeT, rom saxraxnisi ar aris dazianebuli: pirze, gazis kamerisa da gazis milakis sawmendad gamosayenebel gverdiT waxnagebze da amonaWrebis kedlebze aqvs Tu ara amonatexebi. magdebela unda iyos swori da ar unda hqondes blagvi bolo. 69. SaSxanis, optikuri samiznisa da maTi sakuTnos daTvalierebisas gamovlenili yvela gaumarTaobis Sesaxeb snaiperebma dauyovnebliv unda moaxsenon Tavian meTaurs.

jgufis meTauris mier SaSxanis daTvalierebis wesi

70. jgufis meTaurebi aTvaliereben awyobil da daSlis SaSxanas. awyobil mdgomareobaSi SaSxana daaTvaliereT 65-e da 66-e muxlebis Tanaxmad. garda amisa, SeamowmeT: 1) savazneSi vaznebis miwodeba, masrebis (vaznebis) amoReba da asxleta:
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gaawyeT savazne kolofi saswavlo vaznebiT, miuerTeT is SaSxanas da savazne kolofis saketelaze daWeris gareSe xeliT scadeT savazne kolofis moxsna _ savazne kolofi Tavisuflad unda Sevides lulis kolofis naxvretSi da saimedod unda iyos Sekavebuli savazne kolofis saketeliT. ramdenimejer gadateneT SaSxana, am dros saswavlo vaznebi Seuferxeblad unda miewodos savazne kolofidan savazniT da energiulad gadmovardes lulis kolofidan gareT. 2) lulis zesadebebis gamarTuloba: isini kargad unda iyvnen lulaze damagrebuli, qveviT dawolisas ramdenadme unda daiwios qveviT, xolo xelis aSvebisas Tavdapirvel mdgomareobaSi dabrundes qveda sabjeni rgolis zambarebiT. 3) kondaxis gamarTuloba: gamarTuli kondaxi ar unda qanaobdes lulis kolofSi; kondaxis xraxni da sakisuris xraxnebi bolomde moWerilia, xolo baliSebi mtkiced aris kondaxze damagrebuli. 4) savazne kolofebis gamarTuloba: savazne kolofebi ar unda iyos SeWyletili, maT ar unda hqondeT anaqerclebi korpusze da gadanakecze, ramac SeiZleba gaarTulos (Seaferxos) vaznebis miwodeba; saCeri Tamasas Sverilma saimedod unda Seakavos (daikavos) savazne kolofis Tavsaxuri, xolo mimwodi zambaris moqmedebiT energiulad unda dabrundes zeda mdgomareobaSi. 5) xiSt-danis gamarTuloba: gamarTuli xiSt-dana kargad aris damagrebuli SaSxanaze, Tavisuflad ixsneba SaSxanidan da mtkiced devs qarqaSSi. mis pirze ar unda iyos amonatexebi, qarqaSi ar unda iyos SeWyletili, saxeluri _ gabzaruli da mas ar unda hqondes Camonatexebi. xiSt-danisa da qarqaSis izolacia ar unda iyos dazianebuli. 71. daSlil mdgomareobaSi SaSxanis dasaTvaliereblad saWiroa misi arasruli an sruli daSla da nawilebis gamSraleba (gawmenda). daSlil mdgomareobaSi SaSxanis daTvalierebisas unda Semowmdes nomrebi mis nawilebze. yoveli nawili da meqanizmi guldagul unda daaTvalieron, raTa darwmundnen, rom liTonis nawilebs ar aqvs amonatexebi, SenaWyletebi, ganaRunebi, Jangisa da WuWyis kvali, xolo xis nawilebze _ bzarebi da sxva dazianebebi. 1) lulis daTvalierebisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda miaqcion lulis arxis xarisxs (xarisxobriv mdgomareobas). amisaTvis SaSxana Tvalebis donemde unda awioT, lula Suqis wyarosken mimarToT ise, rom Suqis sxivebi pirdapir TvalebSi ki ara, lulis kedlebze iyos mimarTuli; Semdeg SemoabrunoT SaSxana, yuradRebiT daaTvalieroT arxi lulis tuCisa da saxazino nawilis mxridan; arxis Sua nawilis daTvalierebisas lula TvalebTan axlos miitaneT, xolo lulis tuCisa da saxazino nawilebis daTvalierebisas _ Tvalebidan Sors waiReT (Tvalebs daaSoreT). savazne daaTvaliereT saxazino nawilis mxridan. lulis arxSi SeiZleba SeimCnes Semdegi nakli (naklovanebebi): _ gaxurebis bade wvrili gadakveTili xazebis saxiT, Cveulebriv, saxazino nawilis mxridan (Wdeebis dasawyisSi); Semdgom srolis dros gaxurebis badis adgilebSi Cndeba bzarebi da iwyeba qromis aqercvla calkeuli wertilebis saxiT, Semdeg aqercvla izrdeba da gadadis qromis monatexebSi; arasakmarisad gulmodgine wmendisas qromis Camotexis adgilebSi SeiZleba Jangic gaCndes; niJarebi _ es mniSvnelovani CarRmavebebia liTonSi, qromis Camotexis adgilebSi, romlebic mravali gasrolis Sedegad an qromis Camotexis adgilebSi xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi Jangis zemoqmedebiT Cndeba; lula, romelSic CaRrmavebebi gaCnda, srolis Semdeg gansakuTrebiT gulmodginad unda gaiwmindos. _ TvaliT SesamCnevi naWdevebis gaxexva an naWdevebis momrgvaleba, gansakuTrebiT maTi marcxena waxnagis; _ lulis gaberva, romelic SesamCnevia ganivi muqi (Crdilovani) erTiani rgolis (naxevarrgolis) saxiT an SeimCneva lulis gare zedapirze liTonis amonaburciT. aseTi lulis mqone SaSxanis srolis SesaZleblobas oficeri gansazRvravs. SaSxana, romelsac aqvs lulis mcire rgolisebri gaberva, lulis gare zedapirze liTonis amonaburcis gareSe, gamosadegia Semdgomi srolisaTvis, Tu is akmayofilebs normaluri moxvedrebis moTxovnebs. lulis arxis gamovlenili naklovanebebi unda SeitanoT SaSxanis Tvisobrivi mdgomareobis baraTSi (SaSxanis formulaSi). garedan lulis daTvalierebisas Sesamowmebelia gazis milakis gadanaWerze amonatexebis arseboba. unda Semowmdes gazis milakis saketelas moqmedeba: TiTis daWeriT saketela unda amovides gazis milakze arsebuli amonaWridan, xolo ganTavisuflebis Semdeg (TiTis aRebis Semdeg), man Tavdapirveli mdgomareoba unda miiRos. Semowmdes zeda sabjeni rgolis Camketis moqmedeba: is sabjeni rgolis gadaadgilebad nawilSi mtkiced unda Seakavos gadanakecma. 2) lulis kolofis daTvalierebisas SeamowmeT: motexili an mocveTili xom ar aris amsxleti Sverili; gadanakecebze amonatexebi da gaRunuloba xom ar aris; xom ar qanaobs kondaxi; gamarTulia Tu ara saketis saCeris zambara (saketis saCeris zeviT awevis Semdeg is Tavisuflad da energiulad unda daeSvas qveviT); saimedod aris Tu ara dafiqsirebuli lulis kolofis saxuravis saketela. 3) saketis CarCos daTvalierebisas unda SeamowmoT figurul amonaWerze da mimmarTvel Sverilebze amonatexebis arseboba.
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4) saketis daTvalierebisas yuradReba unda miaqcioT, damrtymelis sacemelis amosasvleli naxvretis garSemo bzarebis gaCenas; gamarTulia Tu ara damrtymeli da amomgdebi; Tavisuflad gadaadgildeba Tu ara damrtymeli saketSi; amodis nemsi cilindruli amonaWris naxvretidan Tu ara, xom ar aris is amotexili (Camotexili) an Zlierad xom ar aris gaxurebuli. amomgdebis gamarTulobis Sesamowmeblad is TiTiT gverdze unda gawioT da xeli auSvaT: amomgdebi zambaris zemoqmedebiT energiulad unda dabrundes Zvel mdgomareobaSi. saketSi unda CadoT saswavlo vazna da SeecadoT winidan amoiRon is: vazna amomgdebis CamWidiT unda iyos mtkiced Sekavebuli. amomgdebis CamWids ar unda hqondes amonatexebi. 5) damabrunebeli da damrtymel-sasxleti meqanizmebis nawilebis daTvalierebisas unda Semowmdes, zambarebi gatexili da gaRunuli xom ar aris, agreTve maTi nawilebi ar unda iyos gatexili da dabzaruli. 6) optikuri samiznis daTvalierebisas unda SeamowmoT, gverdiTi Sesworebebis skalis sxvadasxva mdgomareobaSi dayenebisas samizne dgeba Tu ara yvela danayofze. sabrZolo vaznebis daTvaliereba 72. vaznebi unda daTvalierdes srolis win da agreTve meTauris gankargulebiT. vaznebis daTvalierebisas SeamowmeT: _ xom ar aris Jangiani an SeWyletili masrebi, xom ar moZraobs (meryeobs) tyvia masris lulaSi; _ kafsuls mwvane feris nadebi da bzarebi xom ar aqvs, kafsuli xom ar scildeba masris Zirs; _ saswavlo vaznebs Soris xom ar aris sabrZolo vaznebi. yvela gaumarTavi vazna bardeba sawyobSi. Tu vaznebi WuWyiania, mcire mwvane nadebi an Jangi aqvT, saWiroa mSrali sufTa CvrebiT maTi gawmenda.

snaiperis SaSxanis srolisaTvis momzadeba

73. srolisaTvis SaSxanis momzadebis mizania srolis dros misi umtyunebo muSaobis uzrunvelyofa. srolisaTvis SaSxanis momzadeba xdeba jgufis meTauris xelmZRvanelobiT. srolisaTvis SaSxanis mosamzadeblad aucilebelia: _ SaSxanis gawmenda; _ daSlili SaSxanis daTvaliereba da dazeTva; _ awyobili SaSxanis daTvaliereba; _ optikuri samiznis daTvaliereba da luminestenciuri ekranis damuxtva. uSualod srolis win lulis arxi (naWdevebiani nawili da savazne) kargad unda gaamSraloT, daaTvalieroT vaznebi da vaznebiT aRWurvoT savazne kolofi. Tu SaSxana xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi yinvaSi iyo, maSin misi datenis win saWiroa ramdenimejer saketis CarCos xeliT energiulad ukan gaweva da win gadaadgileba. 74. savazne kolofis aRWurvisaTvis saWiroa marcxena xeliT savazne kolofis daWera ise, rom mimwodi zeviT da amoburculi mxare ki marcxniv iyos mimarTuli, marjvena xeliT ki vaznebi unda aiRoT savazne kolofisaken mimarTuli tyviebiT ise, rom masris Ziri odnav ufro zeviT iyos, vidre cera da saCvenebeli TiTebi. cera TiTis dawoliT daiWireT savazne kolofi (nax. 46), TiTo-TiTod CadeT masSi vaznebi. vaznebi savazne kolofis gverdiTi kedlebis gadanakecis qveS unda moaTavsoT ise, rom masris Ziri savazne kolofis ukana kedlisaken iyos mimarTuli. Tu savazne kolofi srulad aris gawyobili (10 vazna), maSin savazne kolofis ukana kedlis naxvretSi vazna unda Candes.

nax. 46. savazne kolofis vaznebiT aRWurva

75. luminestenciuri ekranis damuxtvisaTvis saWiroa ekranis gadamrTvelis horizontalur mdgomareobaSi dayeneba; samizne unda daidos Suqfiltriani WriliT Suqisaken an is unda dasxivdes im Suqis wyaros mier, romelsac ultraiisferi sxivebi gaaCnia. damuxtvis dro: dRis gabneuli Suqis dros _ 15 wuTi, pirdapiri mzis sxivebiT ganaTebisas da 100-200 vt simZlavris eleqtronaTuriT 20 sm-is manZilidan dasxivebisas _ 710 wT. damuxtuli ekrani inarCunebs infrawiTeli sxivebis miRebis (infrawiTel sxivebze reagirebis) unars 6-7 dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi, ris Semdegac is Tavidan unda damuxton.
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Tavi VII snaiperis SaSxanis moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmeba da misi normalur moxvedrebamde miyvana
zogadi miTiTebebi
76. qvedanayofSi arsebuli snaiperis SaSxana yovelTvis unda iyos miyvenili normalur moxvedrebamde. SaSxanis moxvedrebis sizuste mowmdeba: _ rodesac SaSxana qvedanayofs gadaecema; _ SaSxanis SekeTebis da im nawilebis Secvlis Semdeg, romlebmac SeiZleba Secvalon misi moxvedrebis sizuste; _ rodesac daadgenen, rom srolis dros moxvedrebis saSualo wertili gadaxrilia an tyviebis gafantva ar akmayofilebs SaSxanis normaluri moxvedrebis sizustes. 77. snaiperis SaSxanebis moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmeba da maTi normalur moxvedrebamde miyvana tardeba snaiperTa jgufis meTauris xelmZRvanelobiT. pirdapiri ufrosebi nawilis meTauris CaTvliT, movaleni arian Seamowmon SaSxanis moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmebis wesis dacvas. moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmebis win (Semowmebamde) SaSxana guldagul unda daaTvalieron da aRmofxvran aRmoCenili gaumarTaobebi. 78. SaSxanis moxvedrebis sizustes amowmeben da axdenen mis normalur moxvedrebamde miyvanas uqaro amindSi sasroleTze, agreTve daxurul tirSi an qarisagan dacul sasroleTis ubanze normaluri ganaTebis pirobebSi. 79. snaiperis SaSxanas amowmeben da axdenen mis normalur moxvedrebamde miyvanas meqanikuri samizniT, ris Semdegac amowmeben optikur samiznes da optikuri samizniT sakontrolo srolas axdenen. 80. SaSxanis moxvedrebis sizustes amowmebs da axdens mis normalur moxvedrebamde miyvanas is snaiperi, romelsac ekuTvnis (romelzec gaformebulia) SaSxana. moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmebas sasurvelia eswrebodes iaraRis SemkeTebeli an iaraRis teqnikosi. mas unda hqondeT saWiro instrumentebi. moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmebisas da normalur moxvedrebamde miyvanisas SaSxanas xiSt-dana moxsnili aqvs. 81. SaSxanis moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmebisas da normalur moxvedrebamde miyvanisas iyeneben vaznebs Cveulebrivi tyviebiT, romlebsac foladis gularebi aqvT. am vaznebs hermetuli yuTebidan iReben. vaznebi erTi partiidan unda iyos. srolis manZilia 100 m, samizne dayenebulia 3-ze. isvrian mibjeniT wolela mdgomareobidan. 82. esvrian samiznes Sesamowmeblad an Sav markuTxeds, romlis siganea 20 sm. xolo simaRle ki _ 30 sm. is damagrebulia 0,5 m siganis da 1 m simaRlis TeTr farze. damiznebis wertilad iyeneben Savi marTkuTxedis an samiznis qveda kidis Sua wertils, romelsac qvevidan miwebebuli aqvs TeTri qaRaldi pirvel TeTr xazamde. is daaxloebiT msrolelis Tvalebis doneze unda iyos. Sesamowmebel samizneze (Sav marTkuTxeze) Sveul xazze damiznebis wertilidan 16 sm-iT zemoT carciT an feradi fanqriT unda moiniSnos meqanikuri samizniT srolis dros moxvedris saSualo wertilis normaluri mdgomareoba.

SaSxanis moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmeba

83. SaSxanis moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmebisas mas moxseniT optikuri samizne da kondaxis baliSebi. srolis Sesamowmeblad snaiperi (msroleli) asrulebs 4 calkeul gasrolas, meqanikuri samiznis gamoyenebiT gulmodgined da erTnairad umiznebs Sesamowmebeli niSnis an Savi marTkuTxedis qveda kidis Sua nawils. srolis damTavrebis Semdeg yoveli snaiperi aTvalierebs niSans da natyviarebis ganlagebas, gansazRvravs srolis mijrilobas da moxvedris saSualo wertilis mdgomareobas. 84. SaSxanis moxvedrebis sizustis mijriloba normalurad iTvleba, Tu oTxive natyviari moxvdeba 8 sm-is diametris wreSi.
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Tu natyviarebis ganlagebis mijriloba am moTxovnas ar akmayofilebs, srola meordeba. ganmeorebiT, aradamakmayofilebeli srolis Sedegis miRebisas, SaSxana saremonto saxelosnoSi unda gaigzavnos. Tu natyviarebis ganlageba (mijriloba) normaluria, meTauri gansazRvravs moxvedrebis saSualo wertils da mis mdgomareobas sakontrolo wertilis mimarT. oTxi natyviariT moxvedraTa saSualo wertilis gansazRvrisaTvis saWiroa, rom: _ ori nebismieri natyviari swori xaziT SeaerToT da maT Soris arsebuli manZili Suaze gayoT; _ gayofis wertili SeaerToT mesame natyviarTan da maT Soris manZili sam tol nawilad gayoT; _ gayofis wertili, romelic uaxloesia pirvel or natyviarTan, SeaerToT meoTxe natyviarTan da manZili maT Soris oTx tol nawilad gayoT. pirveli sam natyviarTagan uaxloesi danayofis wertili iqneba oTxi natyviaris moxvedris Sua wertili (nax. 47a). Tu natyviarebi simetriulad arian ganlagebuli, moxvedraTa saSualo wertili Semdegnairad ganisazRvreba: natyviarebi wyvil-wyvilad SeaerTeT, Semdeg orive swori xazis Sua wertilebi SeaerTeT erTmaneTTan, miRebuli xazi gayaviT Suaze; gayofis wertili iqneba moxvedraTa saSualo wertili (nax. 47b). iaraRis moxvedrebis sizuste normaluria, Tu moxvedraTa saSualo wertili sakontrolo wertils daemTxva an misgan nebismier mxares gadaixara maqsimum 3 sm-iT.

a - monakveTebis Tanamimdevruli dayofiT; b - natyviarebis simetriuli ganlagebis dros.

nax. 47. moxvedris saSualo wertilis gansazRvra

SaSxanis normalur moxvedrebamde miyvana

85. Tu srolis Semowmebis dros moxvedraTa saSualo wertili sakontrolo wertilidan romelime mxares 3 sm-ze metiT gadaixara, maSin amis Sesabamisad unda Seicvalos SaSxanis samiznis mdgomareoba. Tu moxvedrebis saSualo wertili sakontrolo wertilze qveviTaa, samizne unda Caxraxnon, Tu is zeviTaa _ amoxraxnon. Tu moxvedrebis saSualo wertili sakontrolo wertilis marcxnivaa, mcveli marcxniv unda gadaiwios, Tu is marjvnivaa _ marjvniv gadaiwios. rodesac samiznis Tavaks 1 mm-iT gverdze gadaaadgileben, an samiznes Caxraxnian (amoxraxnian) erTi sruli bruniT moxvedrebis saSualo wertili 100 m-ze srolis dros gadaadgildeba 16 sm-iT. samiznis fuZes wina torsze datanili danayofebi 0,6 mm-s udris, rac Seesabameba moxvedrebis saSualo wertilis gverdiTi mimarTulebiT 10 sm-iT gadanacvlebas. samiznis gadaadgilebis siswores amowmeben ganmeorebiTi sroliT. 86. rodesac SaSxanas normalur moxvedrebamde miiyvanen, datanil Zvel kawrulas auqmeben da mis magier axal kawrulas akeTeben.

optikuri samiznis Semowmeba

87. SaSxanis srolis Semowmebisa an misi normalur moxvedrebamde miyvanis Semdeg mowmdeba optikuri samizne. amisaTvis saWiroa: _ SaSxanas gaukeTdes optikuri samizne da kondaxis baliSebi; dolurebis trialiT samizne unda daayenon me-3 danayofze, gverdiTi Sesworebebis skala ki _ ,,0-ze; _ SaSxana Caamagron samiznis dazgaSi da daumiznon 3-ze dayenebuli meqanikuri samizniT im wertils, romelsac meqanikuri samizniT srolisas umiznebdnen, Semdeg marTkuTxedis qveda nawils 2 sm-is siganis TeTri qaRaldis zoli unda miawebon; _ Caixedon optikur samizneSi da naxon, saiTaa mimarTuli samiznis badis ZiriTadi (zeda) kuTxedi; Tu is mimarTulia marTkuTxedis qveda kidis SuaSi, optikuri samizne Semowmebulad iTvleba; _ im SemTxvevaSi, Tu samiznis badis ZiriTadi kuTxe damiznebis wertils ar emTxveva, saWiroa dolurebis saCeri (gverdiTi) xraxnebis erTi-ori bruniT moSveba, Semdeg ki torsis qanCebis trialiT badis ZiriTadi kuTxis wveris damiznebis wertilTan miaxloeba da dolurebis saCeri xraxnebis frTxilad bolomde moWera;
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_ Semowmdes, xom ar gadainacvla samiznis badis kuTxedma damiznebis wertilis mimarT saCeri xraxnebis moWeris dros; Tu is gadanacvlebulia, Tavidan unda Semowmdes samizne zeviT ganmartebuli TanamimdevrobiT. 88. optikuri samiznis Semowmebis Semdeg unda Sesruldes sakontrolo srola optikuri samiznis gamoyenebiT. srolis pirobebi unda iyos iseTive, rac meqanikuri samizniT SaSxanis moxvedrebis sizustis Semowmebis dros, mxolod sakontrolo wertili moiniSnos damiznebis wertilidan 14 sm-is daSorebiT (simaRleze). qvevidan TeTri qaRaldi unda miawebon Sesamowmebeli samiznis mesame TeTr xazamde. Tu sakontrolo srolis dros oTxive natyviari moTavsdeba 8 sm-is diametris wreSi, xolo moxvedrebis saSualo wertili sakontrolo wertilidan 3 sm-ze metiT gadaixreba, saWiroa moxvedrebis saSualo wertilis gadaxris gansazRvra, doluras saCeri xraxnebis moSveba da torsis qanCebis dayenebaSi (mdgomareobaSi) Sesabamisi Sesworebebis Setana. damatebiTi skalis erTi danayofiT torsis qanCis gadanacvleba 100 m srolis dros moxvedrebis saSualo wertilis mdgomareobas 5 sm-iT Secvlis.
magaliTi: srolis manZilia 100m, samizne dayenebulia 3-ze, moxvedrebis saSualo wertili sakontrolo wertilidan zeviT 5 sm-iT da marcxniv 7 sm-iT gadaixara. imisaTvis, rom moxvedrebis saSualo wertili SeuTavsdes sakontrolo wertils, saWiroa zeda doluras saCeri xraxnebis moSveba, saCeri qanCis triali ,, -s mimarTulebiT da erTi danayofiT qanCis maCveneblis gadanacvleba doluras korpusis damatebiTi skalis mimarT; Semdeg bolomde frTxilad unda dauWiroT saCeri xraxnebi; amis Semdeg unda mouSvaT gverdiTi doluras saCeri xraxnebi, atrialoT torsis qanCebi ,, mimarTulebiT, 1,5 danayofiT gadaanacvloT qanCis maCvenebeli doluras korpusis damatebiTi skalis mimarT da bolos frTxilad bolomde mouWiroT (dauWiroT) saCeri xraxnebi.

torsis qanCebis mdgomareobaSi Sesworebebis Setanis Semdeg saWiroa xelmeored srola. Tu xelmeored srolis dros oTxive natyviari moTavsdeba 8 sm-is diametris wreSi, xolo moxvedrebis saSualo wertili daemTxveva sakontrolo wertils an nebismier mxares 3 sm-ze naklebiT gadaixreba, maSin SaSxana iTvleba normalur moxvedrebamde miyvanilad. amis Semdeg moxvedrebis saSualo wertilis mdgomareoba formularSi SeaqvT.

nawili meore snaiperis SaSxaniT srolis ileTebi da wesebi

Tavi VIII snaiperis SaSxaniT srolis ileTebi
zogadi miTiTebebi
89. adgilmdebareobisa da cecxlis pirobebidan gamomdinare, snaiperis SaSxanas isvrian wolela, jdomela, Coqela da dgomela mdgomareobidan. 90. brZolis pirobebSi snaiperi ikavebs da awyobs srolisaTvis adgils meTauris komandiT an damoukideblad. snaiperis SaSxaniT srolisaTvis unda SeirCes iseTi adgili, romlidanac saukeTeso TvalTvali da cecxldaSena iqneba uzrunvelyofili an snaipers eqneba saSualeba moefaros (moeridos, Tavi daicvas) mowinaaRmdegis cecxlsa da TvalTvals. am adgilidan uzrunvelyofili unda iyos srolis ileTebis moxerxebuli Sesruleba da pirvelive gasroliT mowinaaRmdegis dazianeba. viTarebidan gamomdinare, srolisaTvis adgils irCeven tranSeaSi, sangarSi, Wurvisagan gaCenil ZabrSi, TxrilSi, qvis ukan da sxva. dasaxelebul punqtSi srolisaTvis adgilis SerCeva SeiZleba Senobis fanjaraSi, sxvenSi, SenobaTa sardafebSi da sxva. srolisaTvis adgili ar unda SeirCes gamokveTili, calkeuli adgilobrivi sagnebis axlos da agreTve maRlobebis Txemebze 91. winaswari momzadebis dros unda Seamowmon mocemul (miTiTebul) seqtorSi an miTiTebuli mimarTulebiT cecxlis gaxsnis saSualeba, risTvisac SaSxana Tanamimdevrulad unda daumiznon sxvadasxva adgilobriv sagans cecxldaSenis miTiTebul seqtorSi. imisaTvis, rom moxerxebuli iyos cecxlis gaxsna, saWiroa SaSxanisaTvis sabjenebis momzadeba. Tu
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srolas raime sagani uSlis xels, unda SearCion axali, srolisaTvis ufro moxerxebuli adgili. srolisaTvis SerCeuli snaiperis adgili kargad unda iyos SeniRbuli. 92. srolisaTvis adgilis dasakaveblad gaicema komanda, magaliTad: ,,amasa da amas (ama da am snaipers), srolisaTvis adgili aqa da aq _ brZolisaTvis. am komandiT snaiperi, romelic adgils egueba, ikavebs miTiTebul adgils da emzadeba srolisaTvis. dauyovnebliv cecxlis gaxsnis molodinSi SaSxana gadaaqvT optikuri samizniT. 93. srolisaTvis adgilis Sesacvlelad gaicema komanda, magaliTad: ,, aman da aman (am da am snaiperma), gadairbinos ama da am adgilze _ win. am komandiT snaiperi moniSnavs srolisaTvis axal adgilze gadaadgilebis gzas, gzis dafarul monakveTebs, romlebic SeiZleba gamoiyenos SesaCereblad da gadaadgilebis xerxs, Tu is komandaSi ar iyo miTiTebuli. gadaadgilebis dawyebamde SaSxana mcvelze unda daayenos. adgilis (adgilmdebareobis) xasiaTidan da safrebidan gamomdinare, snaiperi gadaadgildeba sirbiliT, aCqarebuli nabijiT, gadarbenebiT an gadacocviT. sirbiliT, aCqarebuli nabijiT gadarbeniT gadaadgilebis dros SaSxana unda eWiros erTi an ori xeliT, rogorc ufro moxerxebulia. gadacocvisas SaSxanas marjvena xeliT iWers. xels kidebs qamars zeda rgolkaviT an lulis zesadebebs (nax. 48).

nax. 48. gadacocvisas SaSxanis daWera

94. brZolaSi sacecxle amocanis warmatebiT Sesasruleblad, snaiperi srulyofilad (zedmiwevniT kargad) unda flobdes SaSxaniT srolis ileTebs; srolis yvela ileTi man mkafiod da moxerxebulad unda Seasrulos da ar Sewyvitos brZolis velis TvalTvali. yovelma snaiperma unda ixelmZRvanelos srolis ileTebis Sesrulebis saerTo wesebiT da, iTvaliswinebs ra Tavis individualur Tavisebeburebebs, unda gamoimuSaos da gamoiyenos yvelaze ufro xelsayreli da mdgradi mdgomareoba srolisaTvis, miaRwios Tavis korpusis, xelebisa da fexebis erTgvar mdgomareobaSi dayenebas. snaiperis fizikuri Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare, nebadarTulia srola marcxena mxridan, damizneba orive gaxelili TvaliT da a.S. 95. snaiperis SaSxaniT srola Sedgeba srolisaTvis momzadebisagan, gasrolisa da srolis Sewyvetisagan.

srolisaTvis momzadeba
96. snaiperi srolisaTvis komandiT an damoukideblad emzadeba. saswavlo mecadineobebze srolisaTvis momzadebis komanda SeiZleba cal-calke gaices, magaliTad: ,,sacecxle zRudeze, nabijiT _ iar da Semdeg ,,datene. Tu saWiroa, ,,datene komandis win mieTiTeba mdgomareoba srolisaTvis. 97. srolisaTvis momzadeba gulisxmobs: srolisaTvis mdgomareobis miRebas da SaSxanis datenas. garda amisa, srolisaTvis mdgomareobis miRebisas snaiperi optikur samiznes xsnis SaliTas da optikuri samiznisa da savazne kolofebis CanTaSi debs; is agreTve obieqtivs xsnis rezinis Tavsaxurs da Camoacmevs mas batareis korpuss; uamindobaSi da maSin, rodesac mzis sxivebi winidan ecemian, snaiperi blendas wevs win. 98. wolela srolisaTvis mdgomareobis misaRebad marjvena xeli qamarze odnav zeviT unda gadawioT, mxridan moixsnaT SaSxana, marcxena xeli lulis zesadebebs CavkidoT, Semdeg marjvena xeliT lulis zesadebebiT daiWiroT SaSxana lulis tuCis nawiliT win; amasTan erTad marjvena fexiT erTi sruli nabiji win da odnav marjvniv unda gadadgaT.
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daixareT win, CaiCoqeT marcxena muxlze da marcxena xeliT daeyrdeniT miwas Tqven win; xelis TiTebi marjvniv SeatrialeT (nax. 49a); Semdeg TanmimdevrobiT daeyrdeniT marcxena barZays da marcxena xelis winamxars, daweqiT marjvena gverdze da swrafad gadabrundiT mucelze, odnav gaSaleT fexebi ise, rom fexis wverebi gareT iyos mimarTuli; marcxena xelis gulze daideT SaSxanis lulis zesadebebi (nax. 49b).

a - snaiperi eyrdnoba marcxena muxls da marcxena mklavs; b - SaSxana lulis zesadebebiT marcxena xelSi ukaviaT.

nax. 49. wolela srolisaTvis adgilis dakaveba (mdgomareobis miReba)

99. Coqela srolisaTvis mdgomareobis dasakaveblad marjvena xeli mokideT (muxli 98) SaSxanis lulis zesadebebs ise, rom lulis tuCis nawili win iyos mimarTuli, amasTan erTad, marjvena fexi ukan gadadgiT, daeSviT marjvena muxlze da quslze CamojeqiT; marcxena fexis wvivi am dros vertikalur mdgomareobaSi unda darCes, xolo TeZoebma unda Seadginon TiTqmis swori kuTxe. SaSxana lulis zesadebebiT marcxena xelSi gadaitaneT da mimarTeT miznis mxares (nax. 50).

nax. 50. mdgomareoba Coqela srolisaTvis

100. jdomela srolisaTvis mdgomareobis dasakaveblad aiReT SaSxana marjvena xeliT; xeli mokideT lulis zesadebebs ise, rom lulis tuCis nawili win iyos mimarTuli. amasTan erTad, daeyrdeniT marcxena xels, dajeqiT miwaze miznis mimarTulebis mimarT naxevrad SemobrunebiT, mWidrod miabjineT miwas fexis quslebi (nax. 51a) an gadaajvaredineT fexebi da akeceT isini ise, rom erTi fexis terfi iyos gatarebuli meore fexis wvivsa da barZays Soris (nax. 51b); marcxenaa xeli daideT marcxena fexis barZayze, rogorc ufro moxerxebuli iqneba; am xeliT daiWireT SaSxana lulis zesadebebiT.

a - quslebiT miwaze dayrdnobiT; b - mokecili fexebiT.

nax. 51. mdgomareoba jdomela srolisaTvis 38

101. dgomela srolisaTvis mdgomareobis dasakaveblad saWiroa miznis mimarTulebis mimarT marjvniv naxevrad Semobruneba da marcxena fexis miudgmelad marcxniv misi gadadgma daaxloebiT mxrebis siganze, rogorc snaiperisaTvis aris moxerxebuli; am dros tanis simZime orive fexze Tanabrad unda ganawildes. amasTan erTad, marjvena xeli ramdenadme win gadaanacvleT qamarze, mxridan moixseniT SaSxana, marcxena xeli qvevidan mokideT lulis zesadebebs, energiulad gadaanacvleT SaSxana lulis tuCis nawiliT win, miznis mxares (nax. 52).

nax. 52. mdgomareoba dgomela srolisaTvis

102. SaSxanis dasatenad saWiroa: SaSxanas SeuerTdes gawyobili savazne kolofi (ix. muxlebi 7 da 9), Tu ar iyo mierTebuli; _ SaSxana mcvelisagan gaaTavisufleT; _ saketis CarCo gadatenis saxeluriT bolomde ukan gadawieT da auSviT xeli; _ mcvelze daayeneT SaSxana, Tu mosalodneli ar aris dauyovnebliv cecxlis gaxsna an Tu ar gacemula komanda ,,cecxli.

gasrola
103. SaSxanas isvrian komandiT an damoukideblad, viTarebidan da dasaxuli amocanidan gamomdinare. cecxlis gaxsnaze komandaSi unda miuTiTon: msrolelis vinaoba, mizani, samiznis mdgomareoba (dayeneba), gverdiTi Sesworeba da damiznebis wertili, magaliTad: ,,snaiperi WeliZe, tyviamfrqvevs, xuTi, marcxniv erTi, miznis qveviT (miznis qveS) _ cecxli . samiznis mdgomareoba, gverdiTi Sesworeba da damiznebis wertili snaipers SeiZleba ar miuTiTon, magaliTad: ,,snaipero gabaZe, ambrazuras _ cecxli. am SemTxvevaSi snaiperi damoukideblad gansazRvruli samiznis mdgomareobiT isvris. 104. gasrolisas saWiroa samiznis dayeneba da gverdiTi Sesworebis Seyvana, SaSxanis mxarze mibjena, damizneba da Caxmaxis dasxleta. 105. samiznis dasayeneblad da optikur samizneSi gverdiTi Sesworebis Sesayvanad saWiroa SaSxanis sakuTari Tavisken miaxloeba, raTa ukeT iyos SesaZlebeli dolurebis skalebis danayofebis danaxva; zeda doluras trialiT maCveneblis gaswvriv samiznis saWiro danayofis dayeneba (nax. 53a); gverdiTi doluras trialiT maCveneblis gaswvriv gverdiTi Sesworebebis skalis saWiro mdgomareobaSi dayeneba (nax. 53b). gverdiTi Sesworebebis Seyvanisas unda gamoiyenon: moxvedrebis saSualo wertilis marjvniv gadasanacvlad _ Savcifriani skala, marcxniv mis gadasanacvlelad _ wiTelcifrebiani skala.

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nax 53. samiznis dayeneba da gverdiTi Sesworebis Seyvana

a - samiznis dayeneba; b - gverdiTi Sesworebis Seyvana.

Ria samiznis dayenebisas miiaxloveT SaSxana, cera da saCvenebeli TiTebiT SekumSeT CarCikis saketela da win gadaanacvleT is samiznis Tamasaze manamde, vidre uRelakis wina waxnagi samiznis Tamasis saWiro danayofs SeuTavsdeba. 106. mxarze SaSxanis mibjenisaTvis saWiroa mcvelidan SaSxanis gaTavisufleba (Tu is mcvelze iyo dayenebuli); marcxena xeliT lulis zesadebebiT (nax. 54a) an savazne kolofiT (nax. 54b) SaSxanis daWera, marjvena xeliT ki kondaxis daWera, miznis TvalTvali, kondaxiT mxarze SaSxanis mibjena ise, rom kondaxis mTeli sakisuri mWidrod iyos morgebuli (midebuli) mxarze; kisris dauZabavad Tavis odnav win daxra, marjvena ybis kondaxis baliSze mideba; marjvena xelis saCvenebeli TiTis (pirveli saxsris) sasxlet kauWze dadeba.

nax. 54. SaSxanis daWera wolela srolis dros

a - lulis zesadebebiT; b - savazne kolofiT.

idayvebi Semdegnairad unda daawyon: _ wolela srolis dros, agreTve wolela mdgomareobiT sangridan, Coqela da dgomela mdgomareobidan srolis dros idayvebi miwaze unda daayenon yvelaze moxerxebul mdgomareobaSi, daaxloebiT mxrebis siganeze; _ sangris gareT Coqela mdgomareobaSi srolis dros marcxena xelis idayvi unda daayenon marcxena fexis muxlTan, rbilSi an odnav qveviT, xolo marjvena xelis idayvi daaxloebiT mxris simaRleze unda aiwios (nax. 55a); _ sangris gareT dgomela mdgomareobaSi srolis dros marjvena xelis idayvi daaxloebiT mxris simaRleze unda awion (nax. 55g); _ jdomela srolis dros orive xelis idayvi muxlebze unda daiwyon an, Tu ufro moxerxebulia snaiperisaTvis, muxlebs qveviT dauSvan (nax. 55b).

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nax. 55. SaSxanis daWera Coqela, jdomela da dgomela srolis dros

a - Coqela; b - jdomela; g - dgomela (ara sangarSi).

Tu srolis dros SaSxanis ukeT (ufro mtkiced) dasaWerad gamoiyeneba qamari, maSin qamari marcxena xelis mtevnis qveS unda moaTavson ise, rom snaipers SeeZlos qamris miWera lulis zesadebebze (nax. 56).

nax. 56. SaSxanis daWera qamris gamoyenebiT

107. optikuri samiznis gamoyenebiT damiznebisaTvis marjvena Tvali samiznis optikuri RerZis gagrZelebaze TvalsafarTan unda iyos, marcxena Tvali ki SeiZleba daxuWoT; idayvebis, xolo Tu saWiroa, korpusisa da fexebis gadaadgilebiT badis kuTxedis wveti damiznebis wertilis qveS unda moTavsdes (nax. 57), amasTan erTad, marjvena xelis saCvenebeli TiTis pirveli saxsriT unda daawveT sasxlet kauWs. gverdiTi Sesworebebis skala am dros unda iyos horizontalur mdgomareobaSi da snaiperi unda xedavdes samiznis mTeli xedvis ares;

41

nax. 57. damizneba optikuri samiznis gamoyenebiT

Tu snaiperis Tvali optikuri RerZidan gverdze, zeviT an qveviT gadanacvlebulia, maSin samiznis xedvis areSi im mxares, saiTac gadanacvlebulia Tvali, gaCndeba mTvarisebri Crdili. aseTi Crdilebis arsebobisas tyviebi Crdilis sawinaaRmdego mxares gadaixreba (nax. 58).

1 _ Tvali daSorebulia okularidan 68 sm-iT _ normaluria; 2 _ Tvali okularTan axlosaa, samiznis xedvis areSi Cans Crdili; 3 _ Tvali okularidan Sorsaa, samiznis xedvis areSi Cans Crdili; 4 _ Tvali samiznis optikuri RerZis gagrZelebaze 68 sm-iT daSorebul manZilzea _ natyviarebi miznis centrSi ganlagdebian; 5 _ Tvali samiznis optikuri RerZis zeviT (qveviT) aris, Cans mTvarisebri naxevarCrdili (zeviT an qveviT) _ natyviarebi aRmoCndebian miznis qveviT (zeviT); 6 _ Tvali samiznis optikuri RerZis marcxniv (marjvniv) aris, mTvarisebri naxevarCrdili marcxniv (marjvniv) Cans _ natyviarebi ganlagdebian miznidan marjvniv (marcxniv).

nax. 58. Secdomebi damiznebis dros

meqanikuri samiznis gamoyenebiT damiznebisas daxuWeT marcxena Tvali, marjvena TvaliT ki samiznis Tamasas ganaWeris gamoyenebiT SexedeT miznis wvers ise, rom mizani samiznis Tamasas ganaWeris SuaSi, xolo misi wveri samizne Tamasis koras zeda napirebis doneze iyos, e.i. aiReT swori mizani; swori mizani damiznebis wertils unda dauaxlovoT da erTdroulad daaWiroT sasxlet kauWs. damiznebisas yuradReba unda mieqces imas, rom samiznis Tamasam daikavos horizontaluri mdgomareoba. 108. Caxmaxis dasasxletad saWiroa sunTqvis Sekaveba, sasxlet kauWze mdovrad dawola manamde, vidre Caxmaxi snaiperisaTvis SeumCnevlad daisxliteba, e.i. moxdeba gasrola. Tu damiiznebis dros samizne mniSvnelovnad gadaixreba damiznebis wertilidan an xedvis areSi gamoCndeba Tvarisebri Crdili, saWiroa sasxlet kauWze daWeris Seususteblad ufro zustad damizneba da sasxlet kauWze dawolis gaZliereba (metad dawola) manamde, vidre gasrola moxdeba.
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Caxmaxis dasxletisas yuradReba ar unda miaqcion damiznebis wertilTan badis kuTxedis umniSvnelo rxevas. survili sasxlet kauWs daawvnen maSin, rodesac samizne yvelaze ukeT aris SeTavsebuli damiznebis wertilTan, Cveulebriv, iwvevs sasxlet kauWze ucbad xelis gamokvras da arazust gasrolas. Tu snaiperi sasxlet kauWze dawolisas igrZnobs, rom aRar SeuZlia sunTqvis Sekaveba, man arc unda moumatos da arc Seasustos sasxlet kauWze dawola, ganaaxlos sunTqva, Semdeg amoisunTqos da isev Seikavos sunTqva, daazustos damizneba da metad daawves sasxlet kauWs.

srolis Sewyveta
109. srola SeiZleba Sewydes droebiT an srulad. droebiT srolis SewyvetisaTvis gaicema komanda ,,sdeq an ,,Sewyvite cecxli. am komandiT snaiperma unda Sewyvitos sasxlet kauWze dawola, mcvelze daayenos SaSxana da, Tu saWiroa, Secvalos savazne kolofi. savazne kolofis Sesacvlelad SaSxanas unda moxsnaT savazne kolofi da miuerToT aRWurvili (savse) savazne kolofi. Tu savazne kolofSi yvela vazna daxarjuli iyo, maSin SaSxanaze axali savazne kolofis dayenebisas saketis CarCo gadatenis saxeluriT ukan unda gadaiwios; srolis srulad SewyvetisaTvis ,,sdeq an ,,Sewyvite cecxli komandis Semdeg gaicema komanda ,,dacale. am komandiT snaiperma zeda da qveda dolurebi ,,0-ze unda daayenos (samiznis CarCiki win bolomde unda wawios da samizne ,,-ze dayendes), dacalos SaSxana da Semdeg viTarebis Sesabamisad imoqmedos. wolela mdgomareobaSi srolis dros SaSxana lulis zesadebebiT marjvena xeliT unda daikavos, kondaxi miwaze dauSvas, lulis tuCis nawili ki marcxena xelis winamxarze dados. sangridan srolis dros daclili SaSxana SeiZleba sangris brustverze daidos gadatenis saxeluriT qveviT (optikuri samizniT zeviT). Tu mosalodneli ar aris dauyovnebliv cecxlis gaxsna, blenda adgilze unda daayenoT, obieqtivs Tavsaxuri CamoacvaT, samiznes ki SaliTa gaukeToT an moxsnaT SaSxanas optikuri samizne da CadoT CanTaSi. 110. SaSxanis dasaclelad saWiroa: _ savazne kolofis moxsna; _ mcvelidan SaSxanis moxsna; _ gadatenis saxeluriT saketis CarCos nela ukan gadayvana, savaznidan vaznis amoReba da saketis CarCosaTvis xelis aSveba; _ sasxlet kauWze daWera (Caxmaxis dasxleta); _ davayenoT SaSxana mcvelze, aviRoT igi mdgomareobaSi ,,qamarze~, Tu srola xdeboda dgomela mdgomareobidan an davdoT (davuSvaT SaSxana) miwaze, Tu srola xdeboda wolela mdgomareobidan; _ savazne kolofidan vaznebis amoReba da SaSxanaze savazne kolofis mierTeba; _ aviRoT miwidan savaznedan gadmogdebuli vazna. imisaTvis, rom savazne kolofidan amoiRon vaznebi, saWiroa savazne kolofis marcxena xeliT daWera vaznebiT zeviT, marjvena xeliT masris (vaznis) gamoyenebiT savazne kolofidan TiTo-TiTo vaznebis amogdeba ise, rogorc nax. 59-zea naCvenebi.

nax. 59. savazne kolofidan vaznebis amogdeba 43

111. imisaTvis, rom wolela mdgomareobaSi srolis Semdeg adgnen, saWiroa orive xelis mkerdis doneze mitana, lulis zesadebebiT marjvena xelSi SaSxanis daWera da erTdroulad orive fexis erTmaneTTan miweva (nax. 60a), xelebis mkveTri gasworebiT, avwioT mkerdi miwidan da gavwioT marcxena (marjvena) fexi win (nax. 60b), swrafad avdgeT da, Tu saWiroa, daviwyoT moZraoba.

a - snaiperis mdgomareoba adgomis win; b - snaiperis mdgomareoba adgomis dros.

nax. 60. ,,adeq komandis Sesruleba

112. daclis Semdeg, Tu saWiroa, meTauri gascems komandas ,,iaraRi _ daTvalierebisaTvis. am komandiT saWiroa: _ wolela mdgomareobaSi: savazne kolofis moxsna da SaSxanis gverdze misi dadeba mimwodiT Cvenken, mcvelidan SaSxanis moxsna, saketis CarCos ukan gadayvana da SaSxanis odnav marcxniv mibruneba; mas Semdeg, rac meTauri savaznesa da savazne kolofs daaTvalierebs, saketis CarCos win gadanacvleba, Caxmaxis dasxleta (sasxlet kauWze dawola), mcvelze SaSxanis dayeneba, SaSxanisaTvis savazne kolofis mierTeba da 109-e muxlSi miTiTebuli mdgomareobis miReba; _ ,,qamarze SaSxaniT dgomela mdgomareobaSi: dgomela srolisaTvis mdgomareobis dakaveba; lulis zesadebebiT qvevidan marcxena xeliT SaSxanis daWera, marjvena xeliT savazne kolofis moxsna da marcxena xelSi misi gadatana (mimwodiT zeviT amoburculi nawiliT Tqvengan). marcxena xelis TiTebiT savazne kolofi lulis zesadebs miaWireT; moxseniT SaSxana mcvelidan da ukan gadaiyvaneT saketis CarCo (nax. 61).

nax. 61. dgomela mdgomareobaiSi dasaTvaliereblad momzadebuli snaiperis SaSxana

mas Semdeg, rac meTauri savaznes da savazne kolofs daaTvalierebs, saketis CarCo win gadaanacvleT, dasxliteT sasxleti (daaWireT sasxlet kauWs), mcvelze daayeneT SaSxana, miuerTeT savazne kolofi da ,,qamarze mdgomareobaSi daaWireT SaSxana.

sayrdeniT da safridan srolis ileTebi

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113. sayrdens iyeneben srolis sizustis gasazrdelad. srolisaTvis momzadebis dros snaiperma sayrdeni ise unda moimarjvos, rom man uzrunvelyos yvelaze moxerxebuli mdgomareoba srolis dros. rac ufro moxerxebulia sayrdeni, miT ukeTesi iqneba srolis Sedegi. safars iyeneben imisaTvis, rom mowinaaRmdeges gauWirdes TvalTvali da agreTve imisaTvis, rom Tavi daicvan misi cecxlisagan. myari mdgomareobis misaRebad da srolis sizustis gasazrdelad snaiperi iyenebs safars tanis sayrdenad da, calkeul SemTxvevebSi (rodesac gverdze Sverilebi da amonaRebebia), iaraRisaTvis sayrdenadac. sayrdeni an safaris simaRlidan gamomdinare snaiperi irCevs mdgomareobas srolisaTvis: wolela, Coqela an dgomela. 114. sayrdenis gamoyenebiT srolisaTvis SaSxana luliT sayrdenze dadeT, xolo marjvena xeli kondaxis wina nawilSi mokideT SaSxanas (nax. 62a) an lulis zesadebebiT SaSxana sayrdenze dadeT da marcxena xeli mokideT savazne kolofs (nax. 62b) an kondaxis qveda nawils (nax. 62g). xisti sayrdenis dasarbileblad mas kordi, dakecili labada-karavi, mokecili faraja (Sineli) da sxva daafareT.

nax. 62. mdgomareoba sayrdeniT srolis dros, rodesac SaSxana marcxena xeliT ukaviaT
a - lulis zesadebebiT; b - savazne kolofiT; g - kondaxiT.

115. xis, Senobis kuTxis an sxva safars amofarebuli srolisaTvis miiReT srolisaTvis saWiro mdgomareoba, safars mieyrdeniT ise, rom man dagifaroT mowinaaRmdegis cecxlisagan; SaSxana daiWireT iseve, rogorc safris gareSe srolis dros (nax. 63). SaSxana da misi damWeri xelis mtevani ar unda exebodnen safars, raTa Tavidan aiciloT tyviebis gverdze gadaxra.

nax. 63. mdgomareoba safars amofarebuli srolis dros

a - wolela; b - dgomela.

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116. sangridan an tranSeidan srolisaTvis tani miayrdeniT sangris kedels, orive mklavis idayvebi miabjineT miwas, xolo kondaxi ki mWidrod miaWireT mxars; am dros SeiZleba srola rogorc sayrdeniT, agreTve mis gareSe (nax. 64).

nax. 64. mdgomareoba sangridan srolis dros

srolis xerxebi gadaadgilebis (moZraobis) dros

117. xanmokle SeCerebiT swrafad momarjvebiT srolisaTvis unda SevCerdeT da marcxena fexis miwaze dadgmis momentSi erTdroulad mivibjinoT kondaxi mxarze; marjvena fexis miudgomlad davumiznoT, gavisroloT erTi-ori jeri (gasrola), davuSvaT SaSxana da ganvagrZoT moZraoba. SaSxana unda gadaitenos moZraobaSi (moZraobis dros). 118. javSantransportioridan isvrian misi adgilze gaCerebisa da mokle SeCerebebis dros; am dros srolisaTviis nebismier moxerxebul mdgomareobas iyeneben, romelic uzrunvelyofs SaSxanis simyares da mezoblebis usafrTxoebas. xelebis, winamxris, gverdisa da fexebis sayrdenad saWiroa skamebis zurgebis, skamebis, bigebis (dgarebis) da javSantransportiorebis SigniT arsebuli sxva nawilebis gamoyeneba. bortis zevidan srolis dros lulis zesadebs SaSxanis qamari an raime rbili nivTi (sagani) unda daudoT, marcxena xeli borts CakidoT (mokidoT) da daiWiroT SaSxana. 119. TxilamurebiT gadaadgilebisas SaSxanas isvrian adgilidan wolela, Coqela da dgomela mdgomareobaSi. wolela srolisaTvis SaSxana aiReT marjvena xeliT, xolo joxebi ki _ marcxenaTi. marjvena fexiT win da marjvniv farTo nabiji gadadgiT, erTdroulad tani daxareT marjvena muxlisaken da Tqvengan marjvniv dadeT SaSxana (Tu Tovli Zalian Rrma da fxvieria, maSin SaSxana kondaxiT TovlSi unda CaarWoT); SeaerTeT joxebi; amisaTvis erTi maTganis bolo meoris rgolSi gadaatareT; daawyeT isini win da daweqiT ise, rom idayvebi SeerTebul joxebs miebjinos; aiReT SaSxana da miiReT iseTi mdgomareoba, rogorc Txilamurebis gareSe wolela srolisaTvis (nax. 65a). Coqela srolisaTvis CavarWoT TovlSi joxebi marcxena mxares, SemoabruneT marjvena Txilamuri wveriT marjvniv ise, marjvena muxliT daeSviT marjvena Txilamurze da miiReT mdgomareoba, rogorc Txilamurebis gareSe Coqela srolis dros (nax. 65b). dgomela srolisaTvis joxebi marcxena mxares CaarWveT TovlSi, marcxena Txilamuris wveri SemoabruneT da daikaveT iseTi mdgomareoba, rogorc Txilamurebis gareSe dgomela srolisaTvis (nax. 65g).

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nax. 65. mdgomareoba Txilamurebze dgomiT srolis dros

a - wolela; b - Coqela; g - dgomela.

Txilamurebze dgomisas srolis dros simyarisaTvis SeiZleba joxebis gamoyeneba sayrdenis saxiT, risTvisac joxebi unda SevaerToT maryuJebiT da SaSxana saluliT davdoT maryuJze. sahaero miznebSi srolis xerxebi 120. Ria adgilze snaiperis SaSxaniT sahaero miznebs esvrian wolela, Coqela da dgomela mdgomareobaSi (nax. 66).

nax. 66. mdgomareoba sahaero mizanSi srolis dros

a - wolela; b - Coqela; g - dgomela.

rodesac adgilobrv sagnebs amofarebul mdgomareobaSi isvrian, SeZlebisdagvarad sayrdenad adgilobrivi sagani unda gamoiyenon. 121. sangridan (tranSeidan) sahaero miznebSi srola unda ganaxorcielon marcxena xelis winamxrisa da savazne kolofis sangris wina cerobze dayrdnobiT (nax. 67a) an sangris ukana cerobze zurgisa da sangris wina cerobze marcxena fexis mibjeniT (nax. 67b).

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a - savazne kolofis mibjeniT wina cerobze; b - sabjenis gamoyenebis gareSe.

nax. 67. mdgomareoba tranSeidan sahaero mizanSi srolis dros

Tavi IX snaiperis SaSxaniT srolis wesebi

zogadi miTiTebebi
122. brZolaSi amocanis warmatebiT Sesasruleblad snaipers sWirdeba: _ ganuwyvetliv, moTminebiTa da daJinebiT brZolis velis TvalTvali da umniSvnelo (naklebSesamCnevi) niSnebiT miznis moZebna, sakuTari Tavis gaumJRavneblad; _ dasazianebeli miznis droulad da sworad SerCeva; _ srolisaTvis monacemebis swrafad da zustad momzadeba da, moxerxebuli momentis SerCevis Semdeg, miznis dazianeba umokles droSi, Tu SesaZlebelia, pirvelive gasroliT; _ moxerxebuli srola yvelanair miznebSi, sabrZolo viTarebis sxvadasxva pirobebSi, dRisiTa da RamiT; _ sakuTari cecxlis (srolis) Sedegebze dakvirveba (TvalTvali) da misi moxerxebuli koreqtireba; _ brZolaSi vaznebis xarjvaze Tvalyuris devneba da zomebis miReba maTi maragis droulad Sesavsebad.

brZolis velis TvalTvali da miznis Cveneba

123. brZolis velis uwyveti (mudmivi) TvalTvali snaiperis movaleobaa. TvalTvali saWiroa mowinaaRmdegis ganlagebisa da moqmedebis drouli aRmoCenis mizniT. garda amisa, brZolis dros saWiroa meTauris signalebis (niSnebis) Tvalyuris devneba, agreTve mezoblebis moqmedebebisa da sakuTari cecxlis Sedegebze dakvirveba. Tu snaipers meTauris gansakuTrebuli miTiTebebi ar aqvs miRebuli, is agrZelebs TvalTvals misTvis miTiTebul seqtorSi 1500 m siRrmeze. aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi snaiperi Seadgens cecxlis baraTs, romelSic Seaqvs orientirebi, TvalTvalis adgili, seqtori da manZili orientirebamde. 124. uTvalTvaleben SeuiaraRebuli TvaliT. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba TvalTvalisas unda miaqcion farul misadgomebs da mowinaaRmdegis sacecxle saSualebebisa da saTvalTvalo punqtebis ganlagebisaTvis moxerxebul adgilebs. adgilmdebareobas aTvaliereben marjvnidan marcxniv, uaxloesi sagnebidan Sors mdebare sagnebisaken. saWiroa gulmodgined TvalTvali, vinaidan mowinaaRmdegis aRmoCenas xels uwyoben umniSvnelo ganmniRbavi niSnebic ki. aseTi niSnebi SeiZleba iyos bzinva, xmauri, totebisa da buCqebis moZraoba, axali adgilobrivi sagnebis gamoCena, adgilobrivi sagnebis mdebareobasa da formaSi cvlilebebi da sxva. calkeuli sagnebisa da adgilmdebareobis monakveTebis ufro gulmodginad Sesaswavlad saWiroa optikuri samiznis gamoyeneba; am dros unda iyos miRebuli zomebi imisaTvis, rom samiznis minebis bzinvam snaiperis adgilmdebareoba ar gamoamJRavnos. RamiT mowinaaRmdegis ganlagebisa da moqmedebis adgilis dadgena SeiZleba xmebiT, Suqis wyaroebiTa da misi proJeqtorebis infrawiTeli gamosxivebiT. Tu
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adgilmdebareoba saWiro mimarTulebiT sanaTi vaznebiT (raketiT) an ganaTebis sxva wyaroTi aris ganaTebuli, swrafad unda daaTvalieron ganaTebuli monakveTi.E 125. brZolis velze SemCneuli miznebis Sesaxeb snaiperma dauyovnebliv unda moaxsenos meTaurs an misi miTiTebiT TvalTvalis Sedegebi TvalTvalis JurnalSi Caweros. CanawerSi unda miuTiTos TvalTvalis dro da adgili, ra da sad SeamCnia.L zepiri moxsenebis dros snaiperi iyenebs adgilobriv sagnebs (orientirebs), romlebTan axlosac aRmoaCines mizani. miuTiTebs miznis ganlagebis adgils da mis xasiaTs. am dros moxseneba unda iyos mokle, mkafio da zusti, magaliTad: ,,pirdapir _ yviTeli buCqi, marjvniv _ tyviamfrqvevi;''mesame orientiri, marjvniv aTi, ufro axlos asi _ tanksawinaaRmdego iaraRi. miznis SerCeva 126. snaiperis SaSxaniT upirvelesad unda ganadgurdes cocxali miznebi _ oficrebi, moTvalTvaleebi, metyviamfrqveebi, snaiperebi, mekavSireebi, qvemexebis gaTvlebi, tankebis ekipaJebi, reaqtiuri tanksawinaaRmdego marTvadi Wurvebis, radiolokaciis sadguris operatorebi da sxva miznebi, romlebic yvelaze metad emuqrebian sakuTar qvedanayofs. garda amisa, snaiperis SaSxaniT cecxls sahaero miznebsac uSenen. brZolis velze miznebi SeiZleba iyos uZravi, xanmokle droiT gamomCeni da moZravi. 127. Cveulebriv, meTauri irCevs mizans da miuTiTebs mas snaipers. meTuris mier snaiperisaTvis miTiTebuli mizani snaiperma swrafad unda ipovnos da moaxsenos: ,,vxedav. Tu snaiperi ver poulobs mizans, is miaxsenebs: ,,ver vxedav da ganagrZobs TvalTvals. Tu brZolis dros snaipers ar miuTiTes mizani, is TviTon irCevs mas. upirveles yovlisa, unda daziandes yvelaze saxifaTo da mniSvnelovani miznebi. ori TanabarmniSvnelovani miznidan gasanadgureblad unda SeirCes ufro axlos mdebare da ufro mowyvladi mizani. srolis dros axali, ufro mniSvnelovani miznis gamoCenisas cecxli dauyovnebliv masze unda gadaitanon.

koris damiznebis wertilis SerCeva da gverdiTi Sesworebebis gansazRvra

128. koris damiznebis wertilis SerCevisa da gverdiTi Sesworebebis gansazRvrisaTvis unda gaizomos manZili miznamde da gaiTvaliswinon gare faqtorebi, romlebmac SeiZleba gavlena iqonion tyviis frenis manZilsa da mimarTulebaze. moZrav mizanSi srolisaTvis, garda amisa, saWiroa misi moZraobis mimarTulebisa da siCqaris gaTvaliswineba. koris dayeneba, gverdiTi Sesworeba da damiznebis wertili SeirCeva im gaangariSebiT unda moxdes, rom srolis dros saSualo traeqtoriam miznis SuaSi gaiaros. miznamde manZilebis zusti gansazRvra da srolis gare faqtorebiT gamowveuli Sesworebebis swori gaTvaliswineba is umniSvnelovanesi pirobebia, romlebic uzrunvelyofen pirvelive gasroliT miznis dazianebas. 129. srolisaTvis cxrilis (normaluri) monacemebad iTvleba: haeris temperatura +15 0C. uqaroba, adgilmdebareobis amaRleba zRvis doneze maRla; miznis adgilis kuTxe 15 0 an ufro naklebi. srolis gare pirobebis mniSvnelovani gadaxra cxrilis (normaluri) monacemebidan cvlis tyviis frenis manZlis an gadaxris mas srolis sibrtyidan. 130. manZili miznamde SeiZleba ganisazRvros TvalzomiT, optikuri samiznis manZilsazomi skaliT da ,,meaTasedebis formuliT. adgilobriv sagnebamde (orientirebamde) manZilis codna aadvilebs miznebamde manZilis gansazRvras. amitom, Tu viTareba iZleva saSualebas, manZili orientirebamde da adgilobriv sagnebamde unda ganisazRvros nabijebiT an sxva, ufro zusti xerxiT. RamiT manZili ganaTebul miznebamde ganisazRvreba iseve, rogorc dRisiT. TvalzomiT manZilebi ganisazRvreba adgilmdebareobis im monakveTebiT, romlebic mxedvelobiT mexsierebaSi kargad CaibeWda da romlebic gulSi unda gadaiTvalon sakuTari Tavidan miznamde; xilvadobis xarisxiT da miznebis (sagnebis) moCvenebiTi sididiT im sididebTan SedarebiT, romlebic mexsierebaSi CaibeWda, orive xerxis erTad gamoyenebiT.
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manZilsazomi skaliT manZilis gansazRvrisaTvis saWiroa mizanze skalis damizneba (mimarTva) ise, rom mizani aRmoCndes mTlian horizontalur da punqtirul daxril xazebs Soris (nax. 68). miznis zeviT ganlagebuli skalis Strixi miuTiTebs manZils, 1,7 m-is simaRlis miznamde. Tu miznis simaRle 1,7 m-ze naklebia (metia), maSin skaliT gansazRvruli manZili unda gamravldes miznis simaRlisa da 1,7 m fardobaze.

nax. 68. manZilmzomi skaliT manZilebis gansazRvra (manZili miznamde 500 m) magaliTi. ganisazRvros manZili tyviamfrqvevamde, romlis simaRle 0,55 m-ia, Tu tyviamfrqvevi Tavis zeda nawiliT exeba cifri 8-iT aRniSnul Strixiani manZilsazomi skalis punqtirul (wyvetil) xazs. a m o x s n a. miznis simaRlesa da 1,7 m Soris Tanafardobaa 1/3 (0,55:1,7); skala miuTiTebs 800 m manZils; manZili miznamde damrgvalebulad 270 m tolia (800X1,3).

manZilmzomi skaliT manZilis gansazRvra mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba, rodesac mizani mTeli simaRliT Cans. Tu mizani sruli simaRliT ar Cans, maSin am skaliT manZilis gansazRvra gamoiwvevs uxeS Secdomebs (Cveulebriv, manZilebi am SemTxvevaSi iqneba gazrdili). ,,meaTasedebis formuliT manZilis gansazRvrisaTvis saWiroa miznebis (adgilobrivi sagnebis) xazovani zomebis codna. miznis (adgilobrivi sagnebis) kuTxuri sidideebis gazomva xdeba samiznis badis gverdiTi Sesworebebiis skaliT.
magaliTi. ganisazRvros manZili mowinaaRmdegis moTvalTvalemde (miznis sigane 0,5m), Tu samiznis badiT gazomili miznis kuTxuri sidide udris erT meaTaseds. a m o x s n a: = 1000 = 0,51000= 500 m, 1 sadac _ manZilia, _ miznis simaRlea (sigane), _ miznis kuTxuri sididea meaTasedebSi.

nabijebiT adgilmdebareobis gazomvisaTvis snaiperma unda icodes sakuTari nabijebis erTi wyvilis saSualo sidide; nabijebis wyvilebis Tvla saWiroa marjvena an marcxena fexidan. 131. kora, rigirc wesi, SeirCeva miznamde adgilis Sesabamisad. (magaliTad, 500 m-is manZilze mdebare mizanSi srolisaTvis _ gamoiyeneba kora 5). damiznebis wertils am SemTxvevaSi miznis SuaSi irCeven.damiznebis wertilad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli miznis qveda kidis Sua wertili. am SemTxvevaSi unda SeirCes koras iseTi danadgari, romliT srolisas saSualo traeqtoriebis gadameteba miznamde manZilze daaxloebiT miznis simaRlis naxevris tolia.
magaliTi. 450 m manZilze tyviamfrqvevze srolisaTvis kora 5-zea dayenebuli. miznis simaRlea 0,55 m. 5-ze dayenebuli koriT 450 m-is manZilze saSualo traeqtoriis gadameteba 0,28 m-ia, rac uzrunvelyofs imas, rom saSualo traeqtoria miznis SuaSi gaivlis.

brZolis daZabul momentebSi, rodesac viTareba ar iZleva miznebamde manZilis Sesabamisad koras Secvlis saSualebas, SeiZleba cecxlis gaxsna 400 m-is manZilze 4-ze dayenebuli koraTi (meqanikuri samiznis gamoyenebis dros _ 4-ze an -ze dayenebuli koriT). am dros, Tu mizani maRalia (morbenali, welamde figura da sxva) unda daumiznon miznis qveda kides an miznis Sua nawils.

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rodesac miznebs 500 metramde manZilze esvrian, tyviis frenis manZilze haeris temperaturis gavlena SeiZleba ar gaiTvaliswinon, vinaidan am manZilebze misi gavlena umniSvnelovania. 500 m-sa da met manZilebze srolis dros unda gaiTvaliswinon haeris temperaturis gavlena tyviis frenis manZilze. civ amindSi kora unda gazardon da Seamciron _ cxel amindSi. amisaTvis Semdegi cxriliT xelmZRvaneloben:

132. uZrav da gamomCen miznebSi srolis dros gverdiTi Sesworeba damokidebulia gverdiTi qaris siCqaresa da mimarTulebaze, agreTve miznamde manZilze. rac ufro Zlieria gverdiTi qari, rac ufro axlosaa 90 0-Tan kuTxe, romliTac is uberavs, miT ufro metad gadaixreba tyvia srolis mimarTulebidan, amasTan dakavSirebiT saWiroa, rom gverdiTi doluras dayenebaSi winaswar Seitanon Sesworeba. amisaTvis is unda atrialon torsis qanCze arsebuli warwerebiT da isrebiT miTiTebuli mimarTulebiT. Sesworeba im mxares SehyavT, saidanac uberavs qari. ase, marcxnidan qaris dros moxvedrebis saSualo wertili marcxniv gamoaqvT, marjvnidan qaris dros _ marjvniv. Tu brZolis viTareba ar iZleva gverdiTi doluras dayenebaSi Sesworebis Seyvanis saSualebas, maSin srolis dros gverdiTi qariT gamowveuli Sesworeba SeiZleba gaiTvaliswinon damiznebis wertilis gataniT adamianis figurebSi (metrebSi) an samiznis badis gverdiTi Sesworebebis skaliT. am dros damizneba xdeba ara kuTxediT, aramed gverdiTi Sesworebis sididis Sesabamisi skalis danayofiT. rodesac qari marjvnidan qris, maSin badis danayofebs iReben kuTxedidan marcxniv, xolo Tu qari qris marcxnidan _ badis danayofebi misgan marjvniv (nax. 69).

nax. 69. samiznis badis skaliT gverdiTi qariT gamowveuli Sesworebis gaTvaliswineba (Sesworeba marcxnidan Zlier qarze 5 meaTaseds udris)

gverdiTi qariT gamowveuli Sesworebis gansazRvrisas unda ixelmZRvanelon Semdegi cxriliT:

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cxrilSi miTiTebuli Sesworebebi orjer unda gaizardos maSin, rodesac srolis mimarTulebis mimarT swori kuTxiT qris Zlieri qari (8 m/wm), xolo susti qaris dros siCqare 2 m/wm) _ Semcirdes 2-jer; susti, zomieri da Zlieri qaris dros, romelic srolis mimarTulebis mimarT maxvili kuTxiT qris, 900-is kuTxiT mqroli qarisaTvis gansazRvruli Sesworebebi 2-jer unda Semcirdes. damiznebis wertili miznis Suidan gaaqvT. gverdiTi doluras dayenebaSi Sesworebebis Setanisas mizans SuaSi umizneben. imisaTvis, rom ufro ioli iyos im Sesworebebis damaxsovreba, romelic gamowveulia 0 90 -iT mqroli zomieri qariT, saWiroa gverdiTi doluras skalis danayofebSi miznamde manZilis Sesabamisi koras cifris gayofa: 500 m-mde manZilze srolis dros _ mudmiv ricxvze 4, xolo did manZilebze srolis dros _ 3-ze.
magaliTi. gverdiTi doluras skalis danayofebSi ganisazRvros Zlieri gverdiTi qariT gamowveuli Sesworeba, romelic srolis mimarTulebis mimarT maxvili kuTxiT qris, Tu miznamde manZili 600 m Seadgens (samizne 6). a m o x s n a. 6 (kora) : 3 (mudmivi ricxvi)=2

133. yvela SemTxvevaSi, rodesac viTareba iZleva saSualebas, monacemebi cecxlis gaxsnisaTvis unda iyos winaswar momzadebuli da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi Setanili cecxlis baraTSi. cecxlis gaxsnis win momzadebul monacemebSi SeaqvT Sesworebebi gverdiT qarsa da haeris temperaturaze.

cecxlis gaxsnis momentis SerCeva

134. cecxlis gaxsnis momenti ganisazRvreba meTauris komandiT ,,cecxli, xolo damoukideblad cecxlis warmoebisas _ viTarebidan da miznis mdgomareobidan gamomdinare. cecxlis gaxsnisaTvis yvelaze xelsayreli momentebia: rodesac mizani SeiZleba moulodnelad daazianoT axlo manZilidan; rodesac mizani Sejgufebulia, giSverT flangs an mTeli simaRliT dgas; rodesac mizani uaxlovdeba im adgilobriv sagans (orientirs), sadamdec manZili winaswar iyo gansazRvruli an romlis mixedviTac koras dayeneba (mdgomareoba) sroliT iyo dazustebuli.

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cecxlis gaxsna, mis Sedegebze dakvirveba da koreqtireba

135. cecxlis gaxsnisas snaiperma yuradRebiT unda adevnos Tvalyuri sakuTari cecxlis Sedegebs da moaxdinos misi koreqtireba, risTvisac koras da gverdiTi doluras dayenebaSi (mdgomareobaSi) an damiznebis wertilis mdgomareobaSi saWiro Sesworebebi Seitanos. sakuTari cecxlis Sedegebs akvirdebian (Tvalyurs adevneben) rikoSetebis, tyviebis trasebiT da mowinaaRmdegis qcevebis mixedviT. trasebiT cecxlis koreqtirebisaTvis saWiroa, rom srolis dros gamoiyenon vaznebi Cveulebrivi da mgezavi (mgezveli) tyviebiT. maTi Sefardeba unda iyos: erTi vazna mgezveli tyviiT, erTi vazna Cveulebrivi tyviebiT. niSnebi, romlebic miuTiTeben sakuTari cecxlis namdvilobaze, SeiZleba iyos mowinaaRmdegis danakargebi, mowinaaRmdegis gadacocvaze gadasvla, cecxlis Sesusteba an Sewyveta, mowinaaRmdegis daxeva an safarSi Sesvla. 136. Tu sacecxle amocanas ori snaiperi asrulebs, maSin rikoSetebze an trasebze dakvirvebis Sedegebze moTvalTvale snaiperi moaxsenebs: _ mizanSi moxvedrisas _ ,,mizani; _ miuwvdomlobis (gadacdenis) dros _ ,,miuwvdomloba (gadacdena) an ,,miuwvdomloba (gadacdena) amdeni da amdeni (metri); _ tyviebis gverdiT gadaxris dros _ ,,marjvniv (marcxniv) an marjvniv (marcxniv) amdeni da amdeni (meaTasedebSi an figurebSi). 137. brZolis dros cecxlis koreqtireba, Cveulebriv, xdeba damiznebis wertilis mdgomareobis SecvliT simaRlesa da gverdiTi mimarTulebiT. amasTan, damiznebis wertili gaaqvT miznidan rikoSetebis an trasebis gadaxris sididiT gadaxris sawinaaRmdego mxares (nax. 70).

damiznebis wertili pirveli gasrolisaTvis

rikoSeti, skalis Strixi meore gasrolis dros damiznebisaTvis

nax. 70. cecxlis koreqtireba samiznis badis skaliT gadaxris gansazRvriTa da gaTvaliswinebiT

Tu miznidan tyviebis gadaxra SedarebiT didia da viTareba iZleva saSualebas, rom korasa da gverdiTi doluras mdgomareoba Seicvalos, maSin cecxlis koreqtireba xdeba samiznesa da gverdiT doluraSi Sesworebebis SetaniT. koras zrdian (amcireben) miuwvdomlobis (gadacdenis) sididiT, romelic gazomilia metrebSi an meaTasedebSi. meaTasedebSi simaRleSi tyviebis gadaxris gasazomad saWiroa koras badis kuTxedis (gverdiTi Sesworebebis skalis didi Strixis) simaRlis gamoyeneba, romelic or meaTaseds udris. rodesac tyvia simaRleSi erTi meaTasediT gadaixreba 600 m manZilze srolis dros da ori meaTasediT did (met) manZilebze srolis dros, koras mdgomareoba erTi danayofiT unda Seicvalos. gverdiTi doluras dayenebaSi Sesworeba SehyavT meaTasedebSi gverdiTi mimarTulebiT tyviebis gadaxris sididis Sesabamisad, romelic gazomilia samiznis badis gverdiTi Sesworebebis skalis gamoyenebiT.

srola uZrav da gamomCen miznebSi

138. erTeul, kargad xilvad uZrav (gamomCen) mizans cecxli unda dauSinon 131-e da 132-e muxlebis Tanaxmad gansazRvruli korasa da gverdiTi doluras dayenebiT. cecxli (srola)
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grZeldeba manamde, vidre mizani ganadgurdeba an moefareba (daimaleba), magram snaiperma unda scados miznis ganadgureba pirvelive gasroliT. 139. gamoCenadi miznis gasanadgureblad saWiroa misi gamoCenis adgilis damaxsovreba (moniSvna), swrafad momzadeba srolisaTvis, doluras dayeneba Sesabamis danayofze da miznis gamoCenis dros cecxlis gaxsna. cecxlis gaxsnis siswrafes gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs miznis dazianebisaTvis. Tu srolisaTvis momzadebisas mizani aRar Cans, misi meored gamoCenis dros saWiroa damiznebis dazusteba da cecxlis gaxsna. rodesac erTsa da imave adgilze mizani mravalgzis Cndeba, saWiroa im adgilisaTvis winaswar SaSxanis damizneba da miznis momdevno gamoCenis dros damiznebis swrafad dazusteba da cecxlis gaxsna. mravalgzis gamomCeni mizani SeiZleba axal adgilze gamoCndes, amitom misi dazianeba damokidebuli iqneba moTvalTvalis yuradRebasa da cecxlis gaxsnis siswrafeze. 140. jgufur mizans, romelic erTeuli, kargad xilvadi figurebisagan Sedgeba, cecxli unda dauSinon erTi figuridan meoreze Tanamimdevrulad cecxlis gadataniT. unda daiwyon yvelaze mniSvnelovani mizniT (tyviamfrqvevi, qvemexi da sxva).

moZrav miznebSi srola

141. miznis frontaluri moZraobis dros (msrolelisken an misgan) cecxli unda gaxsnan koras dayenebiT, romelic Seesabameba im manZils, romelzedac SeiZleba aRmoCndes mizani cecxlis gaxsnis momentSi. unda gaiTvaliswinon Sesworebebi haeris temperaturasa da gverdiT qarze. im manZilebze, romlebic pirdapiri damiznebis manZils ar aRematebian, cecxlis gaxsna SeiZleba pirdapiri gasrolis manZilis Sesabamisi samiznis dayenebiT (mdgomareobiT). 142. miznis flanguri da iribi moZraobis dros cecxli SeiZleba gaixsnas koras iseTi dayenebiT, rogorc 141-e muxlSia miTiTebuli, da gverdiTi doluras dayenebiT im sidideze, romelic Seesabameba winswrebas da Sesworebas gverdiT qarze. manZils, romelzedac mizani gadaadgildeba miznamde tyviis frenis dros, winswreba ewodeba. winswrebas iReben (iTvaliswineben) miznis moZraobis mxares. ase magaliTad, rodesac mizani marcxnidan marjvniv moZraobs, moxvedrebis saSualo wertili marjvniv unda gaitanon, xolo marjvnidan marcxniv miznis moZraobis dros _ marcxniv unda gaitanon. Tu srolis pirobebi saSualebas ar iZleva, rom gverdiTi dolura daayenon saWiro danayofze, maSin winswrebas ayeneben samiznis badis gverdiTi Sesworebebis skalis gamoyenebiT an miznis figurebiT damiznebis wertilis gamotaniT. samiznis badis gverdiTi Sesworebebis skalis gamoyenebisas unda daumiznon miznis moZraobis mxares mdebare dayofiT (nax. 71).

nax. 71. gverdiTi Seasworebebis skaliT miznis moZraobaze winswrebis gaTvaliswineba (winswreba 4 meaTaseds udris)

flangurad (srolis mimarTulebis mimarT swori kuTxiT) moZrav miznebSi srolisas winswrebis gansasazRvravad unda ixelmZRvanelon Semdegi cxriliT:

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rodesac mizani cxrilSi miTiTebuli siCqarisagan gansxvavebuli siCqariT moZraobs, winswreba unda gaizardos (Semcirdes) miznis moZraobis siCqaris Secvlis proporciulad. miznis iribi moZraobis dros misi flanguri moZraobisaTvis gansazRvruli winswreba orjer unda Semcirdes. damiznebis wertili miznis Suidan unda gaitanon. gverdiTi doluras dayenebaSi Sesworebis Setanisas saWiroa miznis SuaSi damizneba. imisaTvis, rom ufro ioli iyos 3 m/wm (10 km/sT) siCqariT flangurad moZravi miznisaTvis winswrebis damaxsovreba, gverdiTi doluras (samiznis badis) danayofebSi SeiZleba winswrebebis sidideebis damrgvaleba da CaTvla, rom 600 m-mde manZilze srolis dros winswreba 4,5 meaTaseds (skalis danayofebs) udris, xolo did manZilebze srolisas _ 6 meaTaseds (skalis danayofebs). 143. flangurad da iribad moZrav mizans cecxls uSenen misi Tanxlebis an lodinis (sacecxle Tavdasxmis) xerxebiT. miznis Tanxlebis xerxiT cecxlis gaxsnisas snaiperi ganuwyvetliv gadaaadgilebs SaSxanas miznis moZraobis mxares da yvelaze swori damiznebis momentSi isvris. miznis lodinis (sacecxle Tavdasxmis) xerxiT cecxlis gaxsnisas snaiperi umiznebs miznis win SerCeul wertils (adgilobriv sagans). rodesac mizani am wertilSi aRmoCndeba, snaiperi isvris (gverdiTi doluras dayenebiT winswrebis gaTvaliswinebiT). Tu mizani dauzianebeli darCeba, snaiperi miznis moZraobis gzaze irCevs axal wertils, umiznebs mas da masTan miznis miaxloebisas axdens Semdeg gasrolas, am xerxiT srola grZeldeba manmade, vidre moxdeba miznis dazianeba. Tu winswrebas iTvaliswineben damiznebis wertilis gataniT, saWiroa gasrola im momentSi, rodesac mizani dasaxul (SerCeul) wertils gamoTvlili winmswrebi sididiT miuaxlovdeba. 144. moZrav miznebSi srolis dros iseTi vaznebis gamoyeneba, romlebsac mgezavi (mgezveli) tyviebi aqvT, uzrunvelyofs srolis Sedegebze ukeTes dakvirvebas da winswrebis sididis dazustebis SesaZleblobas. mowinaaRmdegis cocxal Zalas, romelic ganTavsebulia javSantransportiorebSi, avtomobilebsa da motociklebze, unda esrolon Cveulebrivi da javSangamtan-cecxlgamCeni tyviebiani vaznebiT (1 : 1 an sxva TanafardobiT miTiTebuli vaznebis xelTarsebuli raodenobidan gamomdinare).
55

sahaero miznebSi srola

145. dabal simaRleze mfren TviTmfrinavebs da vetmfrenebs snaiperis SaSxaniT cecxls uSenen aTeulis an oceulis SemadgenlobaSi da mxolod meTauris komandiT, paraSutistebs ki _ komandiT an damoukideblad. TviTmfrinavebSi (vetmfrenebSi) srolis dros unda gamoiyenon vaznebi, romlebsac javSangamtan-cecxlgamCeni da mgezavi tyviebi aqvT, aseTi vaznebis uqonlobis SemTxvevaSi _ Cveulebrivi da mgezveltyviebiani vaznebi. trasebis mixedviT cecxlis koreqtirebisas mxedvelobaSi unda iqonion, rom TviTmfrinavisken (vetmfrenisken) mimarTuli trasebi snaipers eCveneba, rogorc TviTmfrinavis (vetmfrenis) zeviT da ramdenadme mis win gamavali trasebi. 146. snaiperis mxares mopikire TviTmfrinavs 4-ze an -ze dayenebuli koraTi unda esrolon da am dros miznis saTavo nawils unda daumiznon. cecxli unda gaixsnas TviTmfrinavamde 700-900 m manZilidan. 147. dabali siCqariT mfren TviTmfrinavs (vetmfrens), romelic gverdze an sakuTari qvedanayofis Tavze mifrinavs, cecxls uSenen Tanxlebi xerxiT: am dros 300 m-mde manZilidan vetmfrens optikuri samizniT umizneben, xolo 300 m-ze meti manZilidan TviTmfrinavs da vetmfrens meqanikuri samizniT umizneben. cecxli unda gaixsnas 700-900 m-ze TviTmfrinavis (vetmfrenis) moaxloebisas. rodesac snaiperi cecxls Tanxlebis xerxiT xsnis, komandaSi unda miuTiTon winswreba, gamoxatuli TviTmfrinavis (vetmfrenis) korpusebSi an metrebSi. snaiperi 4-ze an -ze dayenebuli koraTi SaSxanas mimarTavs TviTmfrinavis (vetmfrenis) frenis mxares, winswrebis saWiro sididiT gaaqvT damiznebis wertili, acilebs TviTmfinavs da swori damiznebis momentSi isvris. gacilebis xerxiT sahaero miznebSi srolis dros winswrebis gansazRvrisaTvis unda ixelmZRvanelon Semdegi cxriliT:

S e n i S v n a: TviTmfrinavis korpusis sigrZe miCneulia 15 m-is tolad, vetmfrenisa da planerisa ki _ 8 m.

sahaero miznebs, romelTa siCqare 150 m/wm-ze metia, uSenen gadamRob cecxls. komandaSi miTiTebuli mimarTulebiT snaiperi SaSxanas 45-iani amaRlebis kuTxes aniWebs da xsnis cecxls xSiri erTeuli gasrolebiT da cecxls uSens manmade, vidre mizani cecxlis zonidan gava. 148. paraSutistebs cecxls uSenen SaSxaniT, romlis kora 4-ze an -zea dayenebuli. damiznebisTvis unda gamoiyenon optikuri samizne. srolis dros winswreba unda aiRon miznis xilul zomebSi paraSutistebis daSvebis gzaze da ixelmZRvanelon Semdegi cxriliT:

56

winswrebis aTvla xdeba paraSutistis figuris Suidan (nax. 72).

damiznebis wertili 2 figuriT gadatanisas.

nax. 72. damiznebis wertilis gatana paraSutebSi srolis dros S e n i S v n a: paraSutistis daSvebis siCqare miRebulia 6 m/wm-is tolad.

srola mTebSi 149. mTebSi, 700 m-ze met manZilebze srolis dros, Tu adgilmdebareobis simaRle zRvis donidan 2000 m aRemateba, haeris dabali simWidrovis gamo, miznamde manZilis Sesabamisi koras mdgomareoba erTi danayofiT unda Semcirdes; Tu adgilmdebareobis simaRle zRvis donidan 2000 m-ze naklebia, kora ar unda Semcidres, xolo damiznebis wertili miznis qveda kideze unda SeirCes. 150. Tu srolis dros mizani snaiperze zeviT an qveviTaa, xolo miznis adgilis kuTxe amasTan (am dros) Seadgens: _ 15-30, maSin 700 m-ze met manZilebze damiznebis wertili unda SeirCes miznis qveda kideze; _ 30-45, maSin miznamde manZilis Sesabamisi kora erTi danayofiT unda Semcirdes 700 m-ze met manZilze da naxevari danayofiT _ 400700 m-mde manZilebze. _ 45-60, maSin miznamde manZilis Sesabamisi kora ori danayofiT unda Semcirdes 700 m-ze meti manZilebisaTvis da erTi danayofiT 400700 metramde manZilebze. 151. mTebSi cecxlis gaxsnisaTvis snaipers moeTxoveba gansakuTrebuli gawafuloba da simarjve mdgomareobis dakavebisas, gansakuTrebiT didi amaRlebis (daxrilobebis) kuTxeebiT srolis dros. wolela srolisaTvis mdgomareobis dakavebisas marcxena fexi muxlSi odnav unda moixaros, raTa Ceqmis cxviriT an qusliT Seikavon Tavi Camocurebisagan.

srola SezRuduli xilvadobis pirobebSi

57

152. ganaTebul miznebs RamiT iseve esvrian, rogorc dRisiT. adgilmdebareobis ganaTebis dros, rodesac snaiperi aRmoaCens mizans, is swrafad ayenebs samiznes, umiznebs da isvris. xanmokle drois ganmavlobaSi miznis ganaTebis dros (magaliTad, adgilmdebareobis sanaTi vaznebis dros), saWiroa srola 4-ze an -ze dayenebuli koraTi. am dros miznis qveda kides unda daumiznon. Tu miznamde manZili 400 m-ze meti iqneba, maSin damiznebis wertili miznis zeda nawilSi unda SeirCes. rodesac mizani sustadaa ganaTebuli, unda CairTos samiznis badis ganaTeba. droebiTi dabrmavebis (Tvalis moWris)O Tavidan asacileblad ar SeiZleba ganaTebis wyaros cqera. 153. mizans, romelic gasrolebis aliT amJRavnebs Tavs, RamiT esvrian 4-ze dayenebuli koraTi da CarTuli samiznis badis ganaTebiT. cecxls xsnian im momentSi, rodesac gasrolis ali samiznis badis kuTxedis zeviT Cans (nax. 73).

nax. 73. damizneba gasrolebis alis mixedviT

154. RamiT srola mizanSi, romelic Tavs amJRavnebs infrawiTeli gamosxivebiT, warmoebs 4-ze dayenebuli koraTi da CarTuli luminescenciuri ekraniT. rodesac samizneSi mowinaaRmdegis infrawiTeli proJeqtorebi Cans, ekranze Cndeba naTeba, romelic wyaros xilul gamosaxulebas iZleva, mrgvali momwvano laqis saxiT. laqis garda samizneSi SeiZleba proJeqtoris sxivis danaxvac adgilmdebareobaze baci zolis saxiT; agreTve SeiZleba am zolSi moxvedrili adgilobrivi sagnebis danaxvac. cecxli ixsneba im momentSi, rodesac laqa samiznis badis kuTxedis Tavze (zeviT) iqneba ganlagebuli (nax. 74).

nax. 74. damizneba mowinaaRmdegis infrawiTeli proJeqtorebSi srolis dros

155. RamiT cecxlis koreqtirebisTvis unda gamoiyenon vaznebi mgezavi (mgezveli) tyviebiT. saukeTeso Sedegs (yvelaze maRal Sedegs) aRweven Ramis samiznis gamoyenebiT srolis dros. isini ara marto mkafiod miznis danaxvis saSualebas iZlevian, aramed zrdian damiznebis sizustes. sxvadasxva miznebSi Ramis samizniT isvrian imave wesebiT, rogorc Cveulebriv pirobebSi. Ramis samizneebiT srolis dros saWiroa ufro xSirad adgilis Secvla da ufro iSviaTad infrawiTeli proJeqtoris CarTva. cecxli mis gareSe unda gaxsnan im miznebSi, romlebic Tavs iCenen gasrolebis aliT, infrawiTeli gamosxivebiT, mowinaaRmdegisa an mezobelis infrawiTeli proJeqtoriT adgilmdebareobis ganaTebis dros.
58

srola radiaqtiuri, qimiuri da baqteriologiuri (biologiuri) dasnebovnebis pirobebSi

156. radiaqtiuri, qimiuri da baqteriologiuri (biologiuri) dasnebovnebis pirobebSi isvrian individualuri dacvis saSualebebis gamoyenebiT. rodesac cecxls uSenen radioaqtiuri, qimiuri da baqteriologiur (biologiuri) saSualebebiT dasnebovnebul adgilmdebareobas, saWiroa SaSxanis, gansakuTrebiT im nawilebis dacva, romelic srolis dros am dasnebovnebul adgilebs exebian. dasnebovnebuli ubnidan gamosvlis Semdeg, pirvelive SesaZleblobisas, unda Caataron SaSxanis dezaqtivacia (degazacia an dezinfenqcia). sxvadasxva miznebSi srolis wesebi igivea, rac Cveulebriv pirobebSi srolis dros.

vaznebiT momarageba da maTi xarji brZolaSi

157. vaznebis maragi snaipers Tan daaqvs CanTiT (CanTaSi Cawyobili kolofebis saxiT). brZolis dros snaperis SaSxanis vaznebiT momaragebas axorcieleben momtanebi, romlebsac meTauri gamoyofs. satarebeli maragis naxevris daxarjvis Semdeg snaiperi moaxsenebs amis jgufis meTaurs. vaznebiT gawyobili (aRWurvili) erTi savazne kolofi snaipers yovelTvis unda xelSeuxebeli maragis saxiT, romlebsac is mxolod meTauris nebarTviT xarjavs. savazne vaznebis Sesaxeb hqondes

DdanarTi 1 Ddragunovis 7,62 mm-iani snaiperis SaSxanis, SaSxanis vaznisa da Osnaiperis optikuri samiznis ( CO-1) balistikuri da konstruqciuli monacemebi Ddamiznebis manZili, m: Ooptikuri samizniT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1300 meqanikuri samizniT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1200 Ppirdapiri gasrolis manZili, m: Tavis figuris (30 sm-is simaRlis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 mkerdis figuris (50 sm-is simaRlis) . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 morbenal figuris (150 sm-is simaRlis). . . . . . . . . . . 640 sabrZolo swrafsrola, gasrolebi wuTSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 tyviis sawyisi siCqare, m/wm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830 tyviis frenis manZili, romelzedac is inarCunebs sasikvdilo moqmedebas, m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3800 SaSxanis masa xiSt-danis gareSe, optikuri samizniT, aRuWuravi savazne kolofiTa da kondaxis baliSiT, kg . . . . . . . . . 4,3 savazne kolofis masa, kg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0,21 xiSt-danis masa, kg: qarqaSiT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0,45 uqarqaSod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0,26 kalibri, mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,62 SaSxanis sigrZe, mm: xiSt-danis gareSe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1225 gakeTebuli xiSt-daniT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1370 lulis sigrZe, mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620 lulis kuTxviliani nawilis sigrZe, mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 kuTxvilebis (naWdevebis) raodenoba (cali) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 kuTxvilebis (naWdevebis) biji, mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 samiznis sisqe, mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 damiznebis xazis sigrZe, mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587 damiznebis xazis sigrZe, mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,8 vaznis wona, g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,6 denTis muxtis wona, g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,1 CO-1 optikuri samiznis gadideba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-jeradi
59

xedvis are, gradusi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 gamomavali (gamosasvleli) gugis diametri, mm. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 gamomavali (gamosasvleli) gugis daSoreba, mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 garCevis unari, wm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 samiznis sigrZe (TvalsafriTa da blendiT), mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 samiznis simaRle, mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 samiznis sigane, mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 CO-1 optikuri samiznis wona, kg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0,58

foladisgulariani tyviis gamxvreti moqmedeba snaiperis SaSxaniT srolis dros

srolis ZiriTadi cxrili snaiperis SaSxanisaTvis foladisgualriani tyvia sawyisi siCqare 830m/wm tyviis wona 9,6 g. lulis energia 337kgZ/m
m a n Z i l i da m i zn e bi s kuTxe da ce m i s kuTxe t ra e qt or iis si m a Rl e m 0,02 0,09 0,22 0,43 0,75 1 ,2 1 ,9 2,8 4,0 5,7 7,8 1 0,5 1 3,5 hor i zon ta l ur i m a n Z il i t ra e qt or i i s w v e ra m de m 51 1 03 1 57 21 3 271 331 394 459 525 591 656 71 9 779

s r o l i s g a x v r e t i s d a b r k o l e b i s ( d a m c v i s a S u l e b i s ) m a n Z s i R m x e l b e t b S n t b S C a f x u t i ( f o l a d i s m u z a r d i , C a f x u t i ) 1 7 0 x v r e t s j v S n J l e t 2 m W i d r o d k e p n l b s t v e r 7 0 _ 8 w a a b r o b a T v i u f l a d a y r i l q v S i n g u t i s g n 1 0 2 5 3 k e d l f W v i s m r e a ( x e b i s g n ) 2 0 a g u r s k e d l 1 _ 2
danarTi 2 DdanarTi 3
ty v iis ty v iis ty v iis f re n i s sa n e r gi a m bol oo e a n Z il i sr ul i si C da ce m is qa re w dr o e r t i l Si w m 0,1 3 0,27 0,42 0,59 0,78 0,99 1 ,23 1 ,50 1 ,80 2,1 2 2,46 2,82 3,20 m /w m 755 685 61 8 554 495 441 392 350 320 302 286 272 259 kgZ /m 279 229 1 87 1 50 1 20 95 75 60 50 45 40 36 33 m 1 00 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1 000 1 1 00 1 200 1 300

m gr a d. w uT. m e a Ta s. gr a d. w uT. m e a Ta s. 1 00 0 05 1 ,4 0 03 0,8 200 0 07 1 ,9 0 06 1 ,7 300 01 0 2,8 01 0 2,8 400 01 4 3,9 01 6 4,4 500 01 8 5,0 0 24 6,7 600 0 23 6,4 0 35 9,7 700 0 29 8,1 0 48 1 3 800 0 36 1 0 1 05 1 8 900 0 45 1 2 1 26 24 1 000 0 55 1 5 1 50 31 1 1 00 1 07 1 9 21 7 38 1 200 1 21 23 2 47 46 1 300 1 36 27 3 20 56

danarTi 4 snaiperis SaSxanis srolis dros optikuri samiznis damiznebis xazze saSualo traeqtoriis gadameteba foladisgulariani tyvia sawyisi siCqare 830m/wm tyviis wona 9,6 g
sa m i zn e 1 2 3 4 5 50 _1 1 6 1 1 1 8 1 00 0 5 1 4 25 38 1 50 _3 4 1 8 35 53 200 _1 1 0 1 7 39 64 250 _ _1 1 1 1 39 70 m a n Z il i m e t re bSi 300 350 400 sa n t im e t re bi _ _ _ _28 _ _ 0 _1 8 _44 33 20 0 70 64 50 450 _ _ _ _28 28 500 _ _ _ _65 0 550 _ _ _ _ _43 600 _ _ _ _ _94 sa m i zn e 1 2 3 4 5

danarTi 5 tyviebis gafantvis maxasiaTeblebi snaiperis SaSxaniT srolis dros

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foladisgulariani tyvia sayrdeniT wolela an sangridan dgomela srola optikuri samizniT

Sua ga da xr e bi m a n Z i l i si m a Rl e gv e r di Ti m e t re bSi 1 00 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1 000 1 1 00 1 200 1 300 sa n t im e t re bi 1 ,8 1 ,8 3,6 5,4 7,2 9,4 1 2 1 5 1 8 22 28 35 42 50 3,6 5,4 7,2 9,4 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 9 24 30 37 45 Sua gul i zol e bi si m a Rl e gv e r di Ti m a n Z il i m e t re bSi

m e t re bi 0,05 0,05 0,1 1 0,1 6 0,22 0,29 0,37 0,46 0,55 0,67 0,86 1 ,07 1 ,28 1 ,53 0,1 1 0,1 6 0,22 0,29 0,35 0,42 0,49 0,58 0,73 0,92 1 ,1 3 1 ,38

1 00 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1 000 1 1 00 1 200 1 300

DdanarTi 6 snaiperis SaSxaniT calkeuli miznis dasazianeblad saWiro vaznebis raodenoba sabjeniT wolela an sangridan dgomela srola optikuri samizniT reaqtiuli tanksawinaaRmdego iaraRi tanksawinaaRmdego qvemexi
1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 4 6 9 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5

manZili metrebSi

1 00 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1 000 1 1 00 1 200 1 300

1 1 1 1 2 2 3 4 5 8

1 1 1 2 2 2 3 4 6 9

1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 4 6 9

1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 4 6 9

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 4 6 9

manZili metrebSi
2 2 3

morbenali figura

welamde figura

morbenali figura (profili)

mkerdis figura

tyviamfrqvevi

Tavis figura

telekamera

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 00 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1 000 1 1 00 1 200 1 300

Tavi

1 1

2 3 4 6 8

2 2 2 3 4 6

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