problemebi da ganviTarebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi

Presentation on theme: "problemebi da ganviTarebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi"— Presentation transcript:

1 problemebi da ganviTarebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi
narkopolitika problemebi da ganviTarebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi 16 dekemberi, 2009

2 narkotikebis globaluri moxmareba
msoflios mosaxleoba (15-64 ww): 4,177 milioni (100%) mosaxleoba, romelic ar moixmars aralegalur narkotiks (15-64 ww): 3,977 milioni (95,2%) aralegaluri narkotikebis moxmarebis wliuri prevalentoba (15-64 ww): 200 milioni (4,8%) aralegaluri narkotikebis problemuri moxmareba (15-64 ww): 25 milioni (0,6%) World Drug Report, 2008

3 ineqciuri narkotikebis momxmarebelTa prevalentoba msoflioSi
maRali prevalentoba: azerbaijani* estoneTi * saqarTvelo * ruseTi * ukraina * malaizia puerto riko kanada mavrikia avstralia wyaro: Global epidemiology of injecting drug use and HIV among people who inject drugs: a systematic review Bradley M Mathers, et al. Lancet 2008; 372: 1733–45

4 msoflioSi yovelwliurad narkotikebis
momxmarebelTa 2-3% zedozirebiT iRupeba heroinze damokidebulTa Soris sikvdilobis maCvenebeli 6-20-jer aRemateba sikvdilobis maCvenebels igive asakis zogad populaciaSi wyaro: infeqciuri paTologiis, Sidsis da klinikuri imunologiis centri, 2009 msoflioSi aiv/SidsiT inficirebis SemTxvevaTa 5-10% ineqciuri narkotikebis momxmareblebze modis, magram zogierT qveyanaSi es maCvenebeli 70%-s aRwevs saqarTveloSi – 59% wyaro: EMCDDA European Monitoring Center on Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2006

5 ZiriTadi problemuri narkotikebi
wyaro: World Drug Report, 2008

6 narkomaniis gavrcelebis winaaRmdeg brZolisa da kontrolis modelebi
amkrZalveli prohibicionistuli represiuli nulovani tolerantobis liberaluri mxardamWeri recepturuli momTmeni narkotikebis dekriminalizacia narkotikebis nawilobrivi legalizacia

7 akrZalva mxolod maSin muSaobs, Tuki mas mxardaWera aqvs sazogadoebisagan da Tuki arsebobs kontrolis qmediTi meqanizmi

8 2007 - ra xdeba saqarTveloSi?
wyaro: Behavioural Surveillance Survey among Injection Drug Users GFATM

9 2007 - ra xdeba saqarTveloSi? pirveli moxmareba
wyaro: Behavioural Surveillance Survey among Injection Drug Users GFATM

10 ineqciuri narkotikebis momxmarebelTa savaraudo raodenoba saqarTveloSi, 2007 weli
“ineqciuri narkotikebis momxmarebelTa savaraudo raodenobis Sefaseba koeficientebis meTodis gamoyenebiT” asakis mosaxleoba, saqarTvelo, 2007 weli Estimating the Prevalence of Injecting Drug Use using multiplier-benchmark method sul ineqciuri narkotikebis savaraudo momxmarebeli 39, ,000 prevalentoba qveyanis masStabiT 1,46% - 1,53% prevalentoba qalaqebis mixedviT baTumi 7,97% zugdidi 4,63% Tbilisi 4,03% gori 3,61% Telavi 1,30% wyaro: Programme of Assistance for the Prevention of Drug Abuse and Drug Trafficking in the Southern Caucasus _ SCAD-5 Programme

11 narkotikebis moxmareba 16 - 17 wlis mozardebSi saqarTvelo, 2009 weli
22% Tvlis, rom kanabisi advilad mosapovebelia yovel mexuTe moswavles gasinjuli aqvs narkotiki kanabisi bolo 12 TveSi - yovel meaTes kanabisi bolo 30 dReSi - 3%-s eqstazi -7.5 % amfetaminebi -2% kreki - 1% heroini da kokaini - 0.6% wyaro: The Alcohol and Other Drug Use in Georgian Students, pilot study rigorously following criteria of European School Project on Alcohol and Other Drug (ESPAD), SCAD Programme, 2009

12 ra xdeba saqarTveloSi? problemebi
ar xorcieldeba farTomasStabiani prevenciuli RonisZiebebi instituciuri infrastruqtura ver pasuxobs Tanamedrove moTxovnebs ar arsebobs narkotikebis momxmarebelTa aRricxvi-anobisa da epidemiologiuri zedamxedvelobis sistema narkologiuri momsaxureba ZiriTadad xelmiuwvdomelia sakadro uzrunvelyofis mwvave deficiti qveyanaSi praqtikulad ar arsebobs arc erTi srulfasovani sareabilitacio dawesebuleba ra xdeba saqarTveloSi? problemebi

13 narkoviTareba saqarTveloSi: saqme gvaqvs epidemiasTan?!
narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli safrTxe saqarTveloSi xasiaTdeba mudmivi zrdis tendenciiT ww narkotikebis momxmarebelTa oficialurad registrirebuli raodenoba 9-jer gaizarda eqspertuli SefasebiT, narkotikebis momxmarebelTa da narkotikze damokidebulTa savaraudo raodenobam 250 aTass gadaaWarba ww narkotikis moxmarebis dawyebis saSualo asaki saqarTveloSi 3,5 wliT gaaxalgazrdavda narkotikebis moxmareba aRiniSneba TiTqmis yvela socialur fenaSi ukanasknel wlebSi qalebsa da gogonebSi narkotikebis momxmarebelTa ricxvi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda

14 narkoepidemia I ეტაპი II ეტაპი III ეტაპი IV ეტაპი ”ბოჰემური” წრეები
ასოციალური და კრიმინალური ჯგუფები III ეტაპი მოსახლეობის ფართო ფენები IV ეტაპი ყველა სოციალური ფენა და ასაკობრივი ჯგუფი - კულტურის განუყოფელი ნაწილი

15 ra SeiZleba mohyves narkoepidemiis Semdgom eskalacias
kriminogenuli situaciis garTuleba sazogadoebis inteleqtualuri resursebis gaRaribeba Sromisunarianobisa da produqtiulobis daqveiTeba narkotikebis moxmarebiT sazogadoebisaTvis miyenebuli samedicino da socialuri zianis zrda narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli problemebis gadawyvetaze mimarTuli finansuri danaxarjebis zrda

16 narkotikuli saSualebebis legalizacia
narkotikuli saSualebebisa da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis mTliani mimoqcevis kanonierad cnoba, maT Soris: narkotikebis Semcveli nivTierebebis kultivireba axali narkotikebis Seqmna narkotikebis warmoeba eqsport-importi ganawileba gayidva es niSnavs fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis kultivirebaze, warmoebaze, gavrcelebasa da moxmarebaze legaluri SezRudvebis moxsnas wyaro: UNODC UN Office on Dugs and Crime, 1992

17 narkotikuli saSualebebis
dekriminalizacia gulisxmobs fizikuri pirebis sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavisuflebas narkotikuli saSualebebisa da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis arasamedicino mizniT moxmarebis gamo, imisda miuxedavad, narkotikebis mimoqceva legalizebulia Tu ara es niSnavs sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis moxsnas aralegaluri fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis piradi moxmarebisaTvis flobaze, Senaxvasa da moxmarebaze wyaro: UNODC UN Office on Dugs and Crime, 1992

18 sakuTari Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT unda gadawyvitos
ar arsebobs erTi da samudamod swori politika, romelic nebismier sazogadoebas gamoadgeboda narkotikebisadmi Tanamedrove politikis irgvliv arsebul mravalricxovan debatebs xSirad uwodeben “debatebs legalizaciis Sesaxeb”, rac arasworia ufro swori iqneboda, davarqvaT “debatebi regulirebis Sesaxeb”, radgan maTSi ZiriTadi sakiTxi ara imdenad prohibicionizmsa da legalizacias Soris arCevanis gakeTebaa, ramdenadac aralegalur narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli situaciis regulireba es ki yvela qveyanam sakuTari Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT unda gadawyvitos

19 prevenciis definicia pirveladi (moxmarebis dawyebis) prevencia
axali momxmareblebis raodenobis Semcireba meoradi (moxmarebis gagrZelebis) prevencia arsebul momxmarebelTa raodenobis Semcireba mesameuli prevencia - zianis Semcireba momxmareblebisaTvis, aramomxmareblebisa da sazogadoebisaTvis narkotikebiT gamowveuli janmrTelobis/samarTlebrivi/socialuri zianis donis Semcireba

20 narkomaniis pirveladi prevencia
axalgazrdebSi inteleqtualuri, pirovnuli da socialuri kompetenciis Camoyalibebis xelSewyoba

21 faqtorebi, romlebic zemoqmedeben mozardze
garemos zegavlena interpersonuli faqtorebi Tanatolebi pirovnuli Tvisebebi socialur-politikuri mdgomareoba Temi genetikuri faqtorebi Rirebulebebi da ganwyobebi ojaxi masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi socialuri unarebi sakanonmdeblo baza skola pirovnuli faqtorebi kultura eklesia

22 ar gaaCniaT saTanado codna da unar-Cvevebi
axalgazrda Taoba saqarTveloSi krizisul socialur-fsiqologiur mdgomareobaSi imyofeba dangreulia qcevis uwindeli moZvelebuli stereotipebi, normatiuli da RirebulebiTi sistema axali stereotipebisa da faseulobebis Camoyalibeba xdeba qaosurad da usistemod axalgazrdebs ar gaaCniaT is unar-Cvevebi, romlebic maT jansaRi da efeqturi cxovrebiseuli stilis CamoyalibebaSi daexmareboda socialuri garemos mzardma moTxovnebma Seqmna masobrivi fsiqoemociuri daZabulobis atmosfero, ramac, sxva faqtorebTan erTad, ganapiroba axalgazrdebs Soris narkotikebis moxmarebis katastrofuli gavrceleba im adamianebs, visac urTierToba aqvs bavSvebTan da mozardebTan – pirvel rigSi, mSoblebsa da pedagogebs, ar gaaCniaT saTanado codna da unar-Cvevebi saimisod, rom bavSvebs fsiqologiuri da socialuri mxardaWera aRmouCinon, daexmaron cxovrebiseuli siZneleebis gadalaxvasa da jansaRi qcevis formirebaSi

23 ZiriTadi RonisZiebebi
strategiuli siaxle: narkomaniis pirveladi prevencia upirvelesi prioritetia ZiriTadi RonisZiebebi erTiani, mravalsafexuriani antinarkotikuli aRzrdis sistemis Seqmna Temze orientirebuli prevenciuli programebis Seqmna da implementacia axalgazrdebis Tavisufali drois organizeba narkotikebis moxmarebis prevencia samuSao adgilebze prevencia ufro efeqturi da iafia, vidre mkurnaloba

24 prevenciuli muSaobis mizani
prevencia warmoadgens RonisZiebaTa sistemas, romelic mimarTulia arasasurveli movlenis aRmocenebis Tavidan acilebaze fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmarebis prevenciis mizania axalgazrdebis mier cnobierebis Semcvleli nivTierebebis moxmarebaze uaris Tqma Tuki 10-dan 21 wlamde asakobriv SualedSi axalgazrda ar daiwyebs narkotikebis moxmarebas, imis albaToba, rom es adamiani narkomanebis ricxvSi aRmoCndeba, minimaluria

25 prevenciuli ganaTlebis arsi
adamianma unda gaacnobieros is WeSmariteba, rom TviTon aris pasuxismgebeli sakuTar janmrTelobaze romelime fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebis gasinjvamde unda hqondes obieqturi warmodgena imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra Sedegi SeiZleba mohyves am nivTierebis moxmarebas miRebuli codna unda iqces qcevis realur motivad obieqturi informaciis garda, adamians unda gaaCndes is unar-Cvevebi, romlebic xels uwyobs konkretul situaciaSi swori gadawyvetilebis miRebas da mis ganxorcielebas

26 fsiqologiuri "imunizacia”
janmrTelobisadmi adekvaturi damokidebuleba TviTkmarobis gancda sakuTari Tavis pativiscemis grZnoba Tavdajerebuloba konstruqciuli urTierTobebis damyareba koleqtiur interesebSi CarTuloba energiisa da potencialis realizeba narkotikuli cdunebisadmi imunitetis gamomuSaveba gadamdebi infeqciuri daavadebebis msgavsad, romelTa prevencia profilaqtikuri acrebis meSveobiT xdeba, gadamdebi arainfeqciuri, anu socialuri daavadebebis Tavidan asacileblad, TiToeul bavSvs esaWiroeba specialuri swavleba

27 narkopolitika narkotikebis legalur da aralegalur warmoebasa da maT moxmarebasTan dakavSirebuli saxelmwifo RonisZiebebis mkafiod formulirebuli da mecnierulad dasabuTebuli sistema

28 ZiriTadi prioritetebi
prevenciis upiratesoba - narkotikebisagan Tavisufali cxovrebis xelSewyoba narkotikebismomxmareblebisaTvis sakonsultacio, samkurnalo da sareabilitacio momsaxurebis uzrunvelyofa aralegaluri narkotikebis xelmisawvdomobis da narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli danaSaulis Semcireba

29 kompleqsuri da dabalansebuli midgoma
narkotikebTan da narkomaniasTan dakavSirebuli strategia efuZneba 2 ZiriTad daSvebas: narkotikebi zians ayenebs sazogadoebis usafrTxoebas (socialuri da kriminologiuri argumenti) narkotikebi zians ayenebs sazogadoebis janmrTelobas (samedicino argumenti) am ori argumentis Sesabamisad, arsebobs ori ZiriTadi mimarTuleba: sazogadoebis usafrTxoebis politika da sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis politika

30 sazogadoebis usafrTxoebis politika narkotikebis mowodebis Semcireba
samarTaldamcavi organoebi sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis politika narkotikebze moTxovnis Semcireba medicina socialuri sfero kultura sporti ganaTleba media

31 sazogadoeba narkotikebis moxmarebasTan dakavSirebuli
problemebi ara aqvT problemuri moxmareba problemuri moxmareba surT, Sewyviton narkotikis moxmareba ar surT, an ar SeuZliaT narkotikis moxmarebis Sewyveta narkotiki ar gausinjavT eqsperimentuli moxmareba epizoduri moxmareba

32 mkurnaloba da reabilitacia
sazogadoeba narkotikebis moxmarebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi ara aqvT problemuri moxmareba problemuri moxmareba pirveladi prevencia mkurnaloba da reabilitacia zianis Semcireba

33 strategiis prioritetuli mimarTulebebi mkurnaloba da reabilitacia
moTxovnis Semcireba zianis Semcireba pirveladi prevencia mkurnaloba da reabilitacia mowodebis Semcireba sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi kadrebis momzadeba saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba monitoringi da kvleva sazogadoebasTan urTierToba koordinacia

34 narkopolitikis strategiis prioritetebi
moTxovnis Semcireba mowodebis Semcireba sakanonmdeblo bazis srulyofa (operatiuli, mudmivi) kadrebis momzadeba saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba monitoringi da kvleva sazogadoebasTan efeqturi komunikacia koordinacia

35 gansaxorcielebeli qmedebebi
grZelvadiani antinarkotikuli strategia da samoqmedo gegma erTiani sakoordinacio organo erTiani, mravalsafexuriani antinarkotikuli aRzrdis sistema kadrebis momzadebis mravalprofiluri sistema gegmazomieri da regularuli kampania

36 antinarkotikuli politika
moTxovnis Semcireba dekriminalizacia mkurnaloba miwodebis Semcireba

37 narkotikebze uaris Tqma
politikis formula kanoni narkotikebze uaris Tqma

38 narkotikze damokidebuleba – es daaavadebaa;
samarTaldamcavma organoebma aqcenti narkotikebis momxmareblebisagan narkotikebis gamsaReblebze unda gadaitanon. narkotikze damokidebuleba – es daaavadebaa; am adamianebs sWirdeba mkurnaloba da ara sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba. mivmarTav saxelmwifoebs, uzrunvelyon narkologiuri momsaxureobis sayovelTao xelmisawvdomoba. antonio maria kosta, gaeros narkotikebTan da danaSaulTan brZolis sammarTvelos aRmasrulebeli direqtori. 2009

39 WeSmariti siamovneba gulisxmobs naTel gonebas da mxolod mas SeuZlia WeSmariti siamovnebis miReba, vinc mzadaa, uari Tqvas wamier siamovnebaze ufro myari da saimedo dakmayofilebis misaRebad epikuri IV-III saukune Zv.w.a

40 CineTi CineTi erTaderTi SemTxvevaa msoflio istoriaSi, roca fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebis, kerZod, opiumis legalizacia xalxs Tavze sxva qveynis mTavrobam moaxvia indoeTsa da CineTs Soris opiumiT vaWroba 1770-ian wlebSi daiwyo maSindelma britanelma gubernatorma, bengaliis generalma uoren hastingsma. is SeSfoTebuli iyo indoeTis mosaxlerobaze opiumis zemoqmedebis SedegebiT da gadawyvita, SeezRuda opiumis indoeTSi moxmareba da xeli Seewyo misi CineTSi eqsportisaTvis 1830 wels mxolod erTi britanuli kompania 6000 yuT opiums hyidda, miuxdevad CineTis imperatoris akrZalvisa

41 CineTi (2) CineTis xelisuflebis mcdelobebma, SeeCerebina es eqspansia, 2 e.w opiumis omi gamoiwvia britaneTsa da CineTs Soris, romlebic CineTis damarcxebiT dasrulda CineTis xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda, mieRo opiumis SeuzRudavi importis moTxovna 1906 wlisaTvis 13,5 milioni Cineli (zrdasruli mosaxleobis 27%) opiumis mweveli iyo 1906 wels specialuri brZanebulebiT aikrZala opiumis kultivireba da moxmareba

42 “britanuli sistema” 1920 wlidan 60-ian wlebamde britanel eqimebs hqondaT opiatebze damokidebulebis mqone pirTaTvis heroinis gamoweris ufleba zogierTi arakeTilsindisieri eqimi am uflebiT piradi gamorCenis mizniT sargeblobda ganviTarda aralegaluri bazari, romelsac Semohqonda maralxarisxovani heroini iranidan da samxreT aRmosavleT aziidan heroinis momxmarebelTa da damokidebulTa raodenobis swrafma zrdam (10 wlis ganmavlobaSi 30X gaizarda) da axalgazrdebs Soris narkotikebis moxmarebis gavrcelebam sazogadoebis SeSfoTeba da am problemis politizireba gamoiwvia. amitom eqimebis mier heroinis gamowera mkveTrad SeizRuda

43 narkotikebis legalizebis pirveli mcdeloba: aSS
1970-ian wlebSi marixuanas Sesaxeb kanonebis Secvlis mizniT Seiqmna organizacia NORML (marixuanas Sesaxeb kanonebis reformirebis nacionaluri organizacia), romlis saqmianobas afinansebda fondi fleiboi  1973 wels oregonis StatSi kanabisis preparatebis piradi moxmarebisaTvis Senaxva dekriminalizebul iqna da amisaTvis mxolod jarima dawesda. Semdgomi 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi mas kidev 10 Stati SeuerTda  swrafad ganviTarda narkoatributikis industria; qveyanaSi gaCnda mde e.w. “hed-Sopi”, maRazia, sadac iyideboda narkotikuli Tematikis Semcveli saTamaSoebi, aralegaluri narkotikebis moxmarebis atributebi, wignebi, broSurebi, romlebic aswavlidnen adamianebs, rogor moixmaron sxvadasxva narkotikebi 70-iani wlebis bolosaTvis hedSopebi mravalmilioniani mogebis mqone industriad iqca, saskuTar yovelTviur Jurnalsac ki uSvebdnen “narkoatributikis daijesti” mozardebze mimarTuli musikaluri da kinoproduqcia xotbas asxamda narkotikebis moxmarebas da arwmunebda axalgazrdebs, rom narkotikebi absoluturad usafrTxoa. bavSvebs aswvlidnen narkotikebis “gacnobierebul da zomier” moxmarebas

44 narkotikebis legalizebis pirveli mcdeloba: aSS (2)
1962 wels narkotiki gasinjuli hqonda axalgazrdebis 1%-ze naklebs wels - saSualo skolis moswavleTa 35%, ufrosklaselTa 65% da skoladamTavrebulTa 70% mkveTrad gaizarda axalgazrdebs Soris sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli Seiqmna mSobelTa gaerTianebebi, daiwyo farTomasStabiani profilaqtikuri muSaoba, mZlavr antinarkotikul moZraobaSi CaerTo saxelmwifo, mas-media, Seicvala kanonebi (moxda marixuanas rekriminalizacia) da narkoepidemia SeCerda 1979 wlidan aSS-Si narkotikebis moxmareba 2X Semcirda. narkotikebis momxmarebelTa raodenoba 25 milionidan (1979) 13 milionamde Semcirda (1996). kokainis momxmarebelTa raodenoba – 5,7 milionidan 1,7 milionamde, Semcirda narkotikebTan dakavSirebul danaSaulebaTa ricxvi amerikis antinarkotikuli strategiis umTavres prioritetad dRemde rCeba narkotikebis moxmarebis Tavidan acileba

45 narkopolitika aSS bolo 4 weliwadSi axalgazrdebs Soris aralegaluri narkotikebis moxmareba 19%-iT Semcirda narkotikebis problemis mogvarebaze pasuxismgebelia narkotikebTan brZolis saagento (Drug Enforcement Agency, DEA), romelic iusticiis saministros struqturuli erTeulia. am federalur samsaxurSi 5,5 aTasi TanamSromelia (agentia), maT Soris – 1000 agenti muSaobs amerikis saelCoebSi msoflios TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi. saagentos gankargulebaSi aris 50 TviTmfrinavi, 65 vertrmfreni, 5 wyalqveSa navi narkobiznesTan brZolaSi aqtiurad aris CarTuli gamoZiebis federaluri biuro da policia narkotikebTan brZolis administracia ara mxolod narkobizness ebrZvis – aqtiurad aris CrTuli narkomaniis profilaqtikaSi axalgazrdebs Soris. qveyanaSi arsebobs alkoholizmis nacionaluri instituti, narkologiis nacionaluri instituti, narkomaniis problemze muSaobs 2,500 arasamTavrobo organizacia

46 Sveicaria – radikalurad liberaluri politikis “sacdeli poligoni”
1970-iani wlebis bolos ciurixSi narkotikebis ramdenime “Ria bazari” arsebobda, maT Soris, “placpici”, romelSic 1986 wlamde mxolod kanabisiT vaWrobdnen, xolo Semdeg amas heroinic daemata. narkotikebis moxmarebis garTulebebis ricxvis mkveTrma zrdam aiZula qalaqis administracia, gadaexeda Tavisi gadawyvetileba  1987 wels 20-ze meti saxelmwifo da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebma daiwyes muSaoba e.w “nemsebis parkSi” (needle park), sadac narkomanebs aRmouCendnen samedicino daxmarebas, reanimaciul RonisZiebebs, awvdidnen prezervativebs da erTjerad Spricebs, sakvebs. hqondaT tualetebi da saSxapeebi miuxedavad aseTi momsaxurebisa, janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi ar Semcirebula, samagierod, gaizarda parkis mimdebare raionebSi danaSaulebaTa ricxvi, narkotikebis momxmarebelTa ricxvi wels, qalaqis mosaxleobis moTxovniT, parki daixura  Sveicarielebis mcdelobam, moexdinaT narkotikebis problemis geografiuli lokalizeba, marcxi ganicada

47 ra Tanxa ixarjeba narkomaniis problemis mogvarebaze?
12, $ 1, £ $ € € € € € aSS didi britaneTi avstralia irlandia portugalia avstria fineTi luqsemburgi

48 narkomaniasTan brZolis danaxarjebi 1 sul mosaxleze weliwadSi

49 ra ujdeba aSS-s1 narkomanis Senaxva weliwadSi - ekonomikuri tvirTi amerikul dolarebSi -
wyaro: United States of America, Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control, Policy Issues and Challenges in Substance Abuse Treatment, 2002 (

50 narkomaniis gavrcelebis winaaRmdeg brZolisa da kontrolis modelebi
Cinuri indoeTi, tailandi, korea, nepali, Sri-lanka, mianma (yofili birma) arabuli arabuli qveynebi amerikuli kanada, meqsika, didi britaneTi, fineTi holandiuri niderlandebi, belgia, dania, Sveicaria evraziuli yofili sabWoTa kavSiris qveynebi skandinaviuri SvedeTi, norvegia, islandia, fareris kunZulebi

51 holandiuri modeli 1976 wels niderlandebis parlamentma daakanona 30g marixuanas an haSiSis piradi moxmarebisaTvis Senaxva. mcire droSi parlamentma kidev erTi nabiji gadadga “legalizaciisaken” – licenzirebul kafeebSi kanabisis preparatebis Riad gayidvis saxiT. kanafis produqtebis importi, eqsporti, warmoeba da gayidva kafeebis gareT kvlav akrZaluli iyo.

52 niderlandebi: rogor Seicvala situacia amis Semdeg?
marixuanas bazris mzardi moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad niderlandebSi daiwyes am mcenaris saTburebSi kultivireba am gadawyvetilebidan 20 wlis Semdeg amsterdams mieniWa “evropis narkodedaqalaqis” statusi dRes niderlandebi warmoadgens eqstazis tabletebis msoflioSi yvelaze did mwarmoebels dagegmili “msubuqi” narkotikebis “marTvadi bazari” mTlianad gamovida xelisuflebis kontrolidan

53 niderlandebi: rogor Seicvala situacia amis Semdeg?
oficialuri statistikiT pirvelive (1976) wels narkomanebis raodenoba samjer gaizarda. 80-iani wlebis Sua periodidan marixuanas momxmarebelTa raodenoba 2-jer gaizarda. 90-ian wlebSi SezRudes marixuanas gayidva erTjeradi gayidvis norma 30g-dan 5g-mde Semcirda licenzirebuli kafeebis ricxvi 3-jer Semcirda amsterdamis gamocdileba evroparlamentma evropis sxva qveynebisaTvis miuReblad scno niderlandebi: rogor Seicvala situacia amis Semdeg?

54 Sveduri modeli narkotikebisadmi nulovani tolerantobis (anu sruli miuReblobis) politika. policiels ufleba aqvs, nebismieri saeWvo piri gauSvas samedicino Semowmebaze Semowmebis Sedegad gamovlenili narkomani sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT midis an iZulebiT mkurnalobaze, an cixeSi. aseTi midgoma sazogadoebis didi mxardaWeriT sargeblobs. mosaxleobis 94% kanabisis legalizaciis winaaRmdegia, mxolod 2% uWers mxars am ideas.

55 SvedeTis politikas safuZvlad udevs Semdegi principebi:
xelmisawvdomobis Semcireba iwvevs imas, rom ufro Znelia sasurveli narkotikis Sovna, da, Sesabamisad, naklebi adamiani ecdeba mis mopovebas; dakavebisa da sasjelis maRali riskis gamo TandaTan ufro meti adamiani gadawyvets, ar iqonios saqme narkotikebTan; rodesac mkafiod aris gamoTqmuli pozicia, rom narkotikebis moxmareba TavisTavad danaSaulia, ufro Znelia am qcevis normamde dayvana da moraluri pasuxismgeblobis tvirTi ufro maRalia.

56 yovelive es xels ar uSlis SvedeTs, iTvlebodes samarTlebriv demokratiul qveyanad

57 15-34 asakobriv SualedSi kanabisi gasinjuli aqvs:
holandiaSi – 20%-s SvedeTSi – 1%-s

58 narkomaniis problema gavrcelebis siswrafe da araprognozirebadi xasiaTi
narkotikebis xelmisawvdomoba ineqciuri narkotikebis masiuri moxmarebis praqtika narkotikebis momxmarebelTa asakis gaaxalgazrdaveba

59 savele socialuri muSaoba da TanasworTa ganaTleba
CanacvlebiTi Terapia Spricebis gacvla savele socialuri muSaoba da TanasworTa ganaTleba narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamowveuli zianis Semcireba

60 dasaxeleba mcire didi gans. didi
mcire, didi da gansakuTrebiT didi odenobebis nusxa moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT -amonaridi gramebSi- dasaxeleba mcire didi gans. didi efedroni - 1 kanafi (mcenare) 10 50 250 eqstazi heroini meTadoni

61 sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi
1 2 3 kanoni “narkotikuli saSualebebis, fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis, prekursorebisa da narkologiuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb” saqarTveloSi kontrols daqvemdebarebuli fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis siebi ukanono mflobelobidan an brunvidan amoRebuli kontrols daqvemdebarebuli fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis mcire, didi da gansakuTrebiT didi odenobebis nusxa

62 sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi
4 5 6 sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsi kanoni “sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb”

63 mTavari sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi
kontrols daqvemdebarebul nivTierebaTa siebis Seqmna narkotikuli saSualebebisa da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis odenobebis gadaxedva narkotikuli saSualebebisa da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis momxmareblebis ganTavisufleba sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan garkveuli SezRudvebi calkeul profesiul saqmianobebze da maTi ganxorcielebis meqanizmebi

64 narkotikebis mowodebis Semcireba
aralegaluri narkotikebis Semotanis prevencia legaluri brunvidan aralegalurSi gadadinebis profilaqtika aralegaluri brunvidan narkotikebis efeqturi amoReba narkotikebis mowodebis Semcireba

65 narkologia narkologiuri klinikebis momsaxurebis xarisxis gaumjobeseba
narkotikebze damokidebul arasrulwlovanTa, qalTa da narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamowveul socialurad saxifaTo mdgomareobaTa mkurnaloba regionuli narkologiuri centrebis qmediTunarianobis gazrda CanacvlebiTi Terapiis centrebis qselis gafarToeba sareabilitacio samsaxuris amoqmedeba

66 fsiqologiuri "imunizacia"
anu nebismieri qceviTi gadaxris, da maT Soris, fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmarebis profilaqtika xels uwyobs jansaRi pirovnebis formirebas da saSualebas iZleva, winaswar moxdes bavSvebSi iseTi orientaciisa da ganwyobis Camoyalibeba, roca fsiqoaqtiuri nivTiereba ar warmoadgens faseulobas da yovelgvari damokidebuleba aRiqmeba, rogorc Tavisuflebis dakargva

67 ineqciuri narkotikebis momxmarebelTa prevalentoba msoflioSi
ineqciuri narkomomxmareblebi identificirebulia 148 qveyanaSi prevalentoba daagariSebulia 61 qveyanaSi (msoflio mosaxleobis 77%) sul 15.9 mln narkotikis in/momxmarebeli (3 mln daavadebulia aiv/SidsiT) yvelaze meti CineTSi, aSS-Si da ruseTSi (aiv/Sidsi Sesabamisad 12%, 16%, 37%) maRali (metia 1%-ze) prevalentobis qveynebi (%-Si): azerbaijani(5.21), estoneTi(1.51), saqarTvelo(4.19), ruseTi(1.78), ukraina(1.16), malaizia(1.33), puerto riko(1.15), kanada(1.3), mavrikia(2.07), avstralia(1.09) damuSavebulia dokumenti: Medline, EmBase, and PubMed/BioMed Central), internet, and grey literature databases; and data requests were made to UN agencies and international experts wyaro: Global epidemiology of injecting drug use and HIV among people who inject drugs: a systematic review Bradley M Mathers, et al. Lancet 2008; 372: 1733–45

68 narkotikebis momxmarebelTa savaraudo raodenoba saqarTveloSi, ww amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis monacemebi minimaluri maqsimaluri monacemTa wyaro 1999 11000 Sss 2000 20000 25000 2001 39500 2002 60000 oficialuri da araoficialuri wyaroebi 2003 150000 275000 2004 240000 350000 2005 2006 2007 135000 200000 2008 41223 wyaro: (10 of 95) :21:26

69 2006 - 2007 ra xdeba saqarTveloSi?
wyaro: ineqciuri narkotikebis momxmarebelTa qcevis zedamxedvelobis kvleva, “sggi/aiv-Sidsis prevenciis proeqti”, 2006, 2007

70 ineqciuri narkotikebis momxmarebelTa prevalentoba qalaqebis mixedviT (%) – 2007 (18 – 65 w.w.)
wyaro: Programme of Assistance for the Prevention of Drug Abuse and Drug Trafficking in the Southern Caucasus _ SCAD-5 Programme

71 “narkomaniis prevenciaSi Cadebuli 1 dolari zogavs 10 dolars”
“ CanacvlebiT Terapiaze daxarjuli 1 girvanqa sterlingiT 3-5 girvanqa sterlingi izogeba” Gossop et al. 2001 “narkomanTa mkurnalobaze daxarjuli TiToeuli dolari 5-7 dolars zogavs” Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies “narkomaniis prevenciaSi Cadebuli 1 dolari zogavs 10 dolars” Aos et al. 2001; Hawkins et al. 1999; Pentz 1998; Spoth et al. 2002 aSS-Si saskolo antinarkotikuli prevenciuli programis ganxorcielebis Sedegad 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi mozardebSi alkoholis moxmareba Semcirda 24%-iT, Tambaqosi – 19%-iT, xolo marixuanasi – 38%-iT The RAND Corporation, 2003