Solutions — Exercises I / 4.1

  1. a.     U.S. Population (millions of people) histogram
    b.  approximately 315-330 million people

  2. a.     Presidential Vetoes (Total #) histogram
    b.  Ronald Reagan (most)  &  George W. Bush (least)
    c.   Presidential Vetoes (per Year) histogram
    d.  Gerald Ford (most frequently)  &  Bill Clinton (least frequently)
    e.  
    First graph may distort one's perception by not taking into account the consideration of time; e.g., someone who wants to portray Ronald Reagan as a "gridlock" president might use the first graph to support his point of view.

  3. Federal Debt (billions of dollars) line graph

  4. U.S. Age Distribution (millions of people) line graph

  5. a.  Approx. 16,840 (homocide) deaths       c.  Approx. 42,459 (motor vehicle accident) deaths
    b.  Approx. 29,217 (suicide) deaths   d.  Approx. 55,412 (all other accidental) deaths

  6. a.     Elements in the Human Body (percentage by weight) circle graph
    b.  Answers vary (depending on individual body weight)...
        body weight  ×  0.65  =  amount (wt) of O
        body weight  ×  0.18  =  amount (wt) of C
          body weight  ×  0.10  =  amount (wt) of H
            body weight  ×  0.03  =  amount (wt) of N
              body weight  ×  0.02  =  amount (wt) of Ca
                body weight  ×  0.02  =  amount (wt) of all other elements combined
  7. a.
    World's 25 Largest Banks histogram (bar chart)
    b.
    World's 25 Largest Banks circle graph (pie chart)
  8. Answers will vary (according to individual preferences)...
     
  9. 2.56
     
  10. 2.75